Liu Shuo

Liu Shuo

Liu Shuo (431-453, September 17) was born in Pengcheng County, Pengcheng county (now Tongshan District, Jiangsu Province). He was the Minister of Liu Song clan, the fourth son of Liu Yilong, Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty, and the brother of Liu Jun, Emperor Xiaowu of Song Dynasty and Liu Yu, Emperor Ming of Song Dynasty.

In 431, he was born in Jiankang palace and was granted the title of Nanping king. He made great contributions to nanyuzhou, Yuzhou and other places in Li Town of Emperor Wen's Dynasty. He was also a neutral in the northern expedition of Yuanjia. Later, he entered the dynasty as a general of Fu army and leader army and was responsible for the defense of shitoucheng. In the 30th year of Yuanjia (453), Liu Shuo supported Liu Shao, the culprit, and fought against Liu Jun, Emperor Xiaowu. He was successively awarded the posts of general of the Chinese army, governor of Southern Yanzhou, and Lu Shangshu. Later, Liu Jun was forced to surrender because he wanted to pacify the rebellion and became Sikong. Finally, he was poisoned and killed by Liu Jun in July of that year, when he was 23 years old. His posthumous title is King Mu.

Liu shuogong is good at calligraphy and poetry. He once created the title of "San Fu Yan" by himself, and his more than 30 pieces of "pseudo ancient poems" are known as "Ya Ji Lu Ji". There are five volumes of collected works.

Life of the characters

Family background

Liu Shuo is the fourth son of Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty, whose mother is Wu Shuyi. He was appointed king of Nanping in the 16th year of Yuanjia (439).

Waili Fangbo

In the 17th year of Yuanjia (440), Liu Shuo was appointed as the champion general, governor of Xiangzhou and military commander of Xiangzhou. But instead of going to Xiangzhou, he stayed in Jiankang, the capital, and took charge of the defense of shitoucheng (the military fortress defending Jiankang, in the area of Qingliangshan in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province). In the 22nd year of Yuanjia (445), Liu Shuo became the governor of nanyuzhou. He paid homage to the right general and appointed envoys. He was in charge of the military affairs of nanyuzhou, Yuzhou, Sizhou, Yongzhou, Qinzhou and Bingzhou. Later, Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty abolished nanyuzhou and merged it into it. Liu was also appointed governor of Yuzhou, led the commander of Anman school, and was granted a Ministry of propaganda. However, he had been stationed in Shouyang (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), but not in xuanhu (now Runan, Henan Province). In the 26th year of Yuanjia (449), Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty paid homage to Liu Shuo as general of Pingxi, but Liu Shuo did not accept his resignation. In the 27th year of Yuanjia (450), the Northern Wei Dynasty invaded Yuzhou and besieged xuanhu, but failed to break the city for more than 40 days. General Chen Xian held fast to the city, and Liu Shuo sent troops to help. Finally, the Wei army had to withdraw from the encirclement and return to the north. That year, Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty launched a large-scale northern expedition. Liu Shuo also sent troops to fight, and even took changshe (in changgedong, Henan), Xiaosuo (in Xingyang, Henan), Dasuo (in Xingyang, Henan) and other cities to attack Hulao (in Xingyang, Henan). Later, the Wei army fought back and besieged Shouyang. Liu Shuo ordered to burn down the houses around Shouyang. Relying on the strong city, he persisted until the end of the war. In the 28th year of Yuanjia (451), Lu Shuang, the governor of Jingzhou in the Northern Wei Dynasty, led more than 6000 members of his clan and tribe to Runan, and ordered his younger brother Lu Xiu to go to Shouyang to surrender to Liu Shuo. Liu Shuo sent his horse to report to Jiankang. Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty placed Lu Shuang in Yiyang (Yuzhou at that time, now Xinyang in Henan Province), and took Lu Xiu as Liu Shuo's Junfu to join the army.

In turmoil

In the first month of the 30th year of Yuanjia (453), Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty merged Southern Yanzhou into southern Xuzhou, and planned to appoint Liu Shuo as the governor of Huainan, so that he could guard Xuyi (the former governor of Southern Yanzhou, now in Xuyi, Jiangsu Province) and open up wasteland. Liu Shuo then entered the Dynasty from Shouyang, but later he was changed to be a general of Sanqi, Fujun and Lingjun to guard the stone city. At this time, Prince Liu Shao and King Liu Jun of Shixing practiced witchcraft in the palace. As a result, the plot came to light and angered Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty. Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty called on his close ministers Xu zhanzhi and Jiang zhanzhi to discuss, saying that Liu Shao would be deposed as the crown prince. Because Liu Shuo is his brother-in-law, Jiang Zhan proposes to make Liu Shuo the crown prince. Xu zhanzhi supported his son-in-law to follow Wang Liu's birthday. Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty, on the other hand, preferred Liu Hong, the king of Jianping, so he hesitated all the time. In order to protect himself, Liu Shao took the lead in launching a coup. He led the Donggong army into Taicheng, killed Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty, and killed Xu zhanzhi and Jiang Zhan. With Liu Jun's support, he ascended the throne and became emperor. The history of this rebellion is called the rebellion of the culprits. At this time, Liu Shuo was guarding the stone city, with more than 1000 soldiers under his command. However, he did not send troops to attack Liu Shao. On the contrary, he acquiesced in or even supported the coup, so he was appointed general of the Chinese army and general of the guard army. At that time, Liu Jun, king of Wuling, organized a rebellion against Liu Shao from Jiangzhou to the East. Liu Shao ordered martial law inside and outside the capital, and ordered Liu Shuo to inspect the defense and pacify the labor garrison. Before long, Liu Shaoyao returned to South Yanzhou and led the expedition to the North general, Kaifu Yitong third division, and the governor of South Yanzhou. The vanguard of the rebel army quickly attacked Xinting in the south of Jiankang city. Liu Shao led his army to fight, but he lost both battles and was forced to retreat to Taicheng. At that time, Liu Shuo and Liu Yigong, the king of Jiangxia, were both kidnapped to fight, and they always followed Liu Shao. Liu Yigong took advantage of Liu Shao's defeat and went to Liu Jun alone. Liu Shao stationed Liu Shuo in dongfucheng (the governor of Yangzhou, who set up troops to guard Taicheng during the war), and ordered his confidants to monitor him to prevent him from defecting to Liu Jun. Before long, Liu Shao paid homage to Liu Shuo as a minister, a general of Hushi, and a scholar. Liu Jun soon arrived at the new pavilion, and became emperor under the support of the generals, known as emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty. At that time, Liu Shao was no longer able to fight against Liu Jun, so he had to worship the statue of marquis Jiang in the palace and pray for the power of the gods to get rid of Liu Jun. He also ordered Liu Shuo to write Zhu Wen and report Liu Jun's crimes to the gods. In May of that year, the rebels invaded Taicheng and captured Liu Shao. Liu Shuo escaped from Jiankang with Liu Jun, but met Liu Yigong on the way. He surrendered to Liu Yigong and went with him to see Liu Jun. Liu Jun was killed and Liu Shuo was welcomed into Liu Junying.

Poisoned to death

Liu Jun appeased the turmoil. Although he had always had a bad relationship with Liu Shuo, he did not clear up Liu Shuo's crime of treason. Instead, he worshipped him as a servant and Sikong in order to stabilize the situation as soon as possible. Liu Shuo resigns from the position of servant, only accepts the position of Sikong, hoping to eliminate Liu Jun's suspicion, but in the end, he fails to do so. After Liu Jun basically controlled the political situation, he ordered people to poison Liu Shuo's food and gave him the title of "Shizhong" and "situ" as his posthumous title. In July 453, the 30th year of Yuanjia, Liu Shuo died at the age of 23.

Main impact

military

Master data: Yuanjia Northern Expedition

In the 27th year of Yuanjia (450), Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty launched the northern expedition of Yuanjia, and three routes went hand in hand. The East Route Army was attacked by auxiliary General Xiao bin, ningshuo General Wang xuanmo, and Prince's infantry commander Shen Qingzhi; the second governor of Xuyan Prefecture, Wuling King Liu Jun, led his troops to cooperate; the Middle Route Army was attacked by Prince Zuowei, Zang Zhi, and Wang Fanghui, and Liu Shuo LED his troops to cooperate; the West Route Army was attacked by Yongzhou governor, followed by Wang Liu Sheng. Liu Yigong, the king of Jiangxia, was stationed in Pengcheng to dispatch the three armies. In terms of the Middle Route Army, Liu Shuo ordered Hu Shengzhi and Tanzhi to divide their forces to attack Runan and Shangcai, and to attack changshe. Long society guard Lu Shuang abandoned the city and fled. After conquering changshe, the song army ordered Wang yang'er and Zhang Lue to occupy xiaosuocheng. Tuoba Pilan, a general of the Wei Dynasty, led two thousand horsemen out of Dasuo city to stop the song army, but he was defeated by Wang Yanger. When they arrived in Tanzania and occupied Dasuo, Zheng dexuan and Zhang He, the great powers of Xingyang, responded. The servant orchid is forced to run away tiger prison, to Tan's lead department pursue. Liu Shuo also ordered Liu kangzu to lead his army to Tanzhi to attack Hulao. the Middle Route Army went well, but the east route army suffered a disastrous defeat. Tuobatao, the emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, divided his troops into five routes to fight back on a large scale. King Tuo Ba Ren of Yongchang led 80000 cavalry troops to the south of Luoyang, even to xuanhu and Xiangcheng, heading for Shouyang. Worried that Liu Shuo would be surrounded, Emperor Wen ordered Liu kangzu to withdraw from Hulao and return to defense. When Liu kangzu retreated to Weiwu near Shouyang, he was attacked from all sides by the Wei army, and the whole army was destroyed. Tuoba Ren besieged Shouyang and divided his troops to harass Matou, Zhongli and other places. Liu Shuo had to stick to Shouyang until the end of the war.

literature

Liu Shuo had a high talent in poetry. Before his weak title, he imitated the style of Nineteen Ancient Poems of the Eastern Han Dynasty and wrote more than thirty imitated ancient poems, which was praised as "Yaji Luji" by the people of that time, while Xiao Yi, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, called "Shenghu Shiheng". At present, there are only four poems, which are the poems of imitating Xingxing and Chongxing, the poems of imitating the bright moon and he Jiaojiao, the poems of imitating the cold of Mengdong, and the poems of imitating the grass by the Qingqing river. All of them are the works of thinking about the woman and Huaiyuan. Generally, they all express the emotion of being sentimental and sad. Compared with Lu Ji's ancient poems, they express the emotion more boldly and directly, breaking through the simple and shallow style of Nineteen Ancient Poems, and inheriting the tradition In some places, the blend of emotion and scenery is more beautiful. According to the Yuefu Poetry Anthology, Liu Shuo selected the last six sentences in the Han Dynasty Yuefu's "meet line" (also known as "Chang'an you Xie line") and created a new title "San Fu Yan". "Yan" is a musical term in Wei and Jin Daqu, which refers to the preface before the music. This new topic was ignored at that time, but it was loved by scholars in Qi, Liang and Chen dynasties. Literary masters such as Wang Rong, Xiao Tong, Shen Yue, Wang Yun, Wu Jun, Liu xiaochuo, Chen Shubao, Zhang Zhengjian and so on all vied to imitate each other. Liu Shuo spent his whole youth in the proud life of a noble young man. Therefore, many of his early poems reflected the life mood and mentality of a leisurely noble young man. However, in the later period of his life, his poems often had a sense of life experience and showed his yearning for seclusion. Zhong Rong, a literary critic of the Southern Dynasty, juxtaposed Liu Shuo with Liu Jun and Liu Hong in Shi pin, and commented: "the poems of filial piety and martial arts, the carving and weaving of color, are too precise, and they are admired by the second vassal, so they are light."

Calligraphy

Liu Shuo works in calligraphy. In shushushufu, Dou Peng, a calligraphy theorist of the Tang Dynasty, lists 25 calligraphers in the Southern Song Dynasty. Among them, Liu Shuo, Emperor Wu Liu Yu, Emperor Wen Liu Yilong, Emperor Xiaowu Liu Jun, Emperor Xiaowu Liu Yu, Emperor Xiaowu Liu Yu, Emperor Wendi Liu Yilong and Emperor Xiaowu Liu Jun are the royal family

Chinese PinYin : Liu Shuo