Liu Sheng

Liu Sheng

Liu Sheng (165-113 BC), male, Han nationality, son of emperor Jingdi Liu Qi of Han Dynasty, mother of Emperor Wudi Liu Qiyi, wife Jia, King Jing of Zhongshan of Western Han Dynasty.

In 154 BC, he was granted the title of Zhongshan king. In the third year of the Houyuan Dynasty (141 BC), Emperor Jing died and Emperor Wu ascended the throne. At the beginning of Emperor Wu's accession to the throne, in view of the lessons of the chaos of the seven kingdoms of Wu and Chu, the ministers criticized the princes and kings in every way and sued them for their faults. Liu Sheng reported to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty all the things that the officials had robbed and bullied the princes and kings. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty increased the courtesy of the princes, abolished the things that the officials reported to the princes and kings, and gave them the favor of serving their relatives.

According to historical records, Liu Sheng was fond of wine and sex, and had more than 120 sons and relatives. He believed that princes should listen to music and enjoy singing and dancing beauty every day. In the fourth year of Yuanding (113 BC), Liu Sheng died at the age of 53. He was buried in Lingshan, Mancheng District, Baoding City, Hebei Province. His posthumous title was Jing, and he was known as king Jing of Zhongshan in history.

Life of the characters

The king of Zhongshan

Liu Sheng is the son of Liu Qi, the king of Han Dynasty, and his mother is Mrs. Jia. After she became the concubine of emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, she gave birth to two sons for emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, namely Liu Pengzu and Liu Sheng.

On June 25, 154 BC, Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty made Liu Sheng king of Zhongshan. In 141 B.C., Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty died, and Liu Che, the half brother of Liu Sheng, ascended the throne as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Shangzou Wudi

At the beginning of Emperor Wu's accession to the throne, in view of the lessons of the outbreak of the chaos of the seven kingdoms of Wu and Chu in the period of emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, the ministers criticized the princes and kings in every way and sued them for their faults.

In October of the third year of Jianyuan (138 BC), Liu Sheng, together with Liu Deng, the king of Dai Dynasty, Liu Fa, the king of Changsha, and Liu Ming, the king of Jichuan, came to Beijing to see Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up a banquet. Liu Sheng began to cry when he heard the music. When Emperor Hanwu asked him why he was crying, Liu Sheng replied, "I heard that sad people can't hear the sound of choking, sad people can't hear the sound of sighing. Therefore, Gao Jianli built on Yishui, so Jing Ke bowed his head and did not eat; yongmenzi chanted, and mengchang Jun was depressed. Now I have a lot of sadness in my heart. Whenever I hear the subtle music, I will shed tears unconsciously. The mountain can be moved by people's blowing, and the sound of mosquitoes gathering and flying is like thunder. Forming friends can catch tigers. Ten men can bend the iron cone. Therefore, King Wen of Zhou was detained and Confucius was surrounded by Chen and CAI. This is the common practice of all people, accumulating life and harm. My officials are far away from the capital and have no relatives or friends. I can't make a name for them. They can kill people with one word. Clumps of light can bend their axes. The feather can fly. When they are frightened, they meet the net and shed tears. I heard that the sun shines in the daytime, and the mosquitoes can be seen at night when the moon shines. But the clouds are thick, and the day is dark; the dust is scattered, and Mount Tai is not seen in the dark. Why? For there is a cover. Now I can't hear anything, slanderers are swarming, the road is far away, I can't hear anything, secretly sad. I heard that the mice in the earth temple can't be irrigated with water, and the mice in the house can't be smoked. Why? It's because of the place where the mice are. Although the minister is slight, he is fortunate to be close to the emperor; although he is humble, he is still the emperor's elder brother in terms of kinship. Now there is no blood relationship between the court officials and the emperor, and they do not undertake any important tasks of the country. However, they form a friendship party, issue biased comments and collude with each other, which makes the imperial clan hit and rejected, and the flesh and blood relationship melts like ice and snow. In private, they are very sad. That's why birch was displaced and Bigan was separated. The book of songs says, "my heart is sad, just like a hammer pounding my heart; lying in peace and sighing, sadness makes me old; my heart is depressed, just like a headache and a high fever."

Liu Sheng reported to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty all the things that the officials robbed and bullied the princes and kings. As a result, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty increased the courtesy to the princes, abolished the documents about the officials reporting the illegal acts of the princes, and extended the favor to the relatives of the princes. Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted the stratagem of the Minister Zhu Fu Yan to make the princes divide the land to their children with their private favor, and the imperial court established the system and title for them, which was another county under the imperial court. The imperial court was generous, and the territory of the princes was gradually dispersed and weakened.

I like wine and color

According to historical records, Liu Sheng was fond of wine and sex and had more than 120 sons and relatives. Liu Shengchang and his mother brother Zhao Jingsu, King Liu Pengzu, accused each other and said, "brother is king, and he is specialized in running affairs on behalf of officials. As a king, you should listen to music every day and enjoy the beauty of singing and dancing. " Liu Pengzu said: "how can the king of Zhongshan be called a vassal without helping the emperor to pacify the people?" In February of the fourth year of Yuanding (113 BC), Liu Sheng died at the age of 53. He had been on the throne for 43 years. His posthumous title was Jing, and he was known as king Jing of Zhongshan in history.

Historical evaluation

Liu Pengzu: "the king of Zhongshan is extravagant and licentious. He doesn't help the emperor to follow the common people. Why is he called a vassal?"

Ban Gu: "to win is to be a man, to enjoy wine is to be a good man."

Historical records

Sima Qian's historical records vol.59, the 29th of Wuzong family

Ban Gu's book of the Han Dynasty Volume 53 King Jing 13 biography 23

Liu's genealogy Nanjing Genealogy: the 78th of Liu's family in Pengcheng County, and the ancestor of Liu's family in Zhongshan Hall: Shenggong.

Family members

parent

Father: Liu Qi, Emperor Jingdi of Han Dynasty

Mother: Mrs. Jia

brothers and sisters

Linjiang minwang Liu Rong

Liu De, king of Hejian

Liu Kaiyu, the mourning king of Linjiang

Liu Yu, king of Lu Gong

Jiang Du Yi Wang Liu Fei

Liu Fa, king of Changsha

Zhao Jingsu, King Liu Pengzu

Liu Duan, king of Jiaoxi

Liu Che

Guangchuan Huiwang Liu Yue

Jiaodong Kangwang Liuji

Liu Cheng, king of Qinghe

Liu Shun, the constitutional king of Changshan

Princess Pingyang (Princess Yangxin)

Nangong Princess

Princess longwe

queen

Dou Wan (the niece and granddaughter of Empress Dowager Dou)

Son

Liu Chang, the sad king of Zhongshan

Liu Zhong, Marquis of Guangwang Festival

General Liu Chaoping

Liu Weiyang

Lu Chenghou Liu Zhen (ancestor of Liu Bei, Emperor zhaolie of Shu Han Dynasty)

Salary Office Hou Liujia

Land Hou Liu Yi

Lin ledun Hou Liu Guang

Liu Zhang, daihou of Dongye

Gao pinghou and Liu Xi

Liu Po, Marquis of Guangchuan

The night of marquis Liu Jiang in Chengqiu Festival

Gaoqiuai Marquis Liu Pohu

Liu Suyi Marquis Liu gai

Rong Qiu Hou Liu rang

Fan Yu Jie Hou Liu Xiu

Long live Qu Chenghou and Liu

An Dun Yu Hou Liu Chuanfu

Liu Ying

An Daohou Liu Hui

Penghou Liu Qufeng (prime minister in the last years of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty)

offspring

Liu Bei, Emperor zhaolie of Shuhan

Liu Kun, Marquis of Guangwu in the Western Jin Dynasty

Liu Yuxi, Minister of the Ministry of household in Tang Dynasty

a burial

Basic introduction

Zhongshan King Jing tomb, also known as Mancheng Han tomb, is a joint Tomb of Zhongshan King Jing Liu Sheng and his wife Dou Wan. It is located on the east slope of the main peak of Lingshan mountain, 1.5 km southwest of Mancheng District, Baoding city. It was discovered in 1968. In the same year, it was jointly excavated by the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Hebei Provincial Cultural Relics team. In 1988, the State Council of the people's Republic of China announced it as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

The tomb of King Jing in Zhongshan is a large-scale cliff tomb built on a mountain. The gate of the tomb is about 120 meters apart. Liu Sheng's tomb is 51.7 meters long from east to west, 37.5 meters wide from north to south, and 6.8 meters high, with a volume of about 2700 cubic meters. Dou Wan's tomb is 49.7 meters long from east to west, 65 meters wide from north to south, with a maximum of 7.9 meters and a volume of 3000 cubic meters. The shape and structure of the two tombs are basically the same, which are composed of six parts: the passage, the corridor, the South ear room, the North ear room, the middle room and the back room. The posterior chamber is divided into three parts: portal, main chamber and lateral chamber. The top of the cave is arched or domed, the wall is curved, and there are drainage facilities in the tomb. A stone gate is arranged between the middle room and the back room. The corridor, ear room and middle room of Liu Sheng's tomb, and the middle room of Dou Wan's tomb are built with tile roofed wooden houses. The entrance of Liu Sheng's tomb was sealed with adobe, the door of Dou Wan's tomb was sealed with brick, and molten iron was cast in the middle.

unearthed relic

There are more than 6000 burial objects (sets and pairs) in the two tombs, with complete varieties and orderly placement. Pottery is the most abundant, followed by bronze, iron, gold and silver, jade, lacquerware and textiles. The South ear room and the corridor of Liu Sheng's tomb symbolize the chariot and horse house, the North ear room symbolizes the warehouse and the mill house, where all kinds of pottery, stone mills and push mill animals for storing grain, fish, cooking and drinking are placed; the middle room symbolizes the hall, where a large number of bronze, pottery, iron, gold and silver utensils are placed; the back room symbolizes the inner room, where coffins and valuables are placed. The arrangement of burial objects in Dou Wan's tomb is similar to that in Liu Sheng's. Especially important is the first discovery of two complete "jade clothes" and coffin inlaid with jade lacquer. "Jade clothes" are all made of rectangular, square, trapezoidal, triangular, quadrilateral and polygonal jade pieces. Each corner of the jade piece is perforated and woven with silk thread made of gold. Jade clothing is divided into five parts: head, coat, trousers, gloves and shoes. The total length of Liu Sheng's jade garment is 1.88 meters, sharing 2498 pieces of jade pieces and 1100 grams of gold wire. The total length of Dou Wan's jade garment is 1.72 meters, with 2160 pieces of jade pieces and 700 grams of gold wire. Liu Sheng's painted coffin is decayed. Dou Wan painted the coffin with inlaid jade. The inner wall of the coffin was covered with 192 polished jade plates. The outer wall was painted and decorated with jade. The coffin cover and the two sides of the coffin were inlaid with two rows of jade Bi, four pieces in each row, and one big jade bi was inlaid at each end of the coffin, a total of 26 pieces.

The bronzes in the funerary objects are beautiful in shape, gorgeous in decoration and exquisite in foundry. Many of them are engraved with "Zhongshan neifu", such as Changxin palace lantern, cuojin Boshan stove, cuojin bird seal teapot, gilded gold and silver Panlong teapot, gilded gold and silver inlaid milk nail teapot, animal riding figure Boshan stove and various lamps and lanterns, which are rare artistic treasures.

historical value

Zhongshan

Chinese PinYin : Liu Sheng