Gu Zhenguan

Gu Zhenguan

Gu Zhenguan (1637-1714) was a writer in Qing Dynasty. The original name is Chinese, the word Yuanping, Huafeng, also known as Huafeng, Liangfen, Jiangsu Wuxi people. The fourth grandson of Gu Xiancheng, a member of Donglin Party in the late Ming Dynasty. In the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi, he was promoted to the Academy of classical books. He was once a prime minister of Nalan, and had an intimate relationship with Nalan Xingde, the son of the Prime Minister of Nalan. In the 23rd year of Kangxi, he became an official and studied until he died. Zhenguangong's poems and essays are famous for their names, such as Tanchi Ci, jishuyanji, etc. Gu Zhenguan, together with Chen Weisong and Zhu YIZUN, is known as the "three great poets" in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. At the same time, he shares the reputation of "three great poets in Beijing" with Nalanxingde and Cao Zhenji.

brief account of the author's life

Gu Zhenguan was born in Wuxi in 1637. Gu Xiancheng, the great grandfather, was the leader of Donglin school in the late Ming Dynasty; Gu Yufan, the grandfather, was the magistrate of Kuizhou in Sichuan; Gu Shu, the father, was highly erudite and a student of Gao Panlong, another leader of Donglin school. Her mother, Mrs. Wang, also grew up in a family of poetry and books. Zhenguan was intelligent and learned classics and history when she was young, especially ancient poetry. The eldest brother Jing Wen, the second brother Ting Wen, the elder sister Zhen Li and the younger brother Heng Zhi all have talent names. In his youth, Zhenguan took part in the "Shenjiao society" led by Wu Zhaoqian, a famous Wujiang scholar. He was the youngest in the society, but he was "gifted in writing poems from a cup of wine". He was as famous as Wu Zhaoqian and became a close friend of life and death. In the 11th year of Shunzhi (1654), Yunmen society was established with several fellow villagers in Huishan, Wuxi. This society gathered Jiang Chenying, Wang Wan, Tang bin and many other celebrities in the south of the Yangtze River.

Around the end of Shunzhi, Zhenguan left his relatives for a long journey and arrived in the capital. In the first year of Kangxi (1662), he was known by Gong Dingzi and Wei Yijie, the great scholar of Shangshu, for his sentence "fallen leaves all over the sky sound like rain, and Guan Qing can't sleep". In 1664, Gu Zhenguan was appointed as a scholar of the secret Academy. Kangxi five years (1666) in the election, changed to the Academy of national history classics, official to the cabinet. The next year, Kangxi visited the south, and he served as a retinue. During his tenure in the Academy of national history, he revised his great grandfather Gu Xiancheng's Chronicle, the chronicle of guduan Wengong, and compiled his father's anthology, Yongan gongri Chao. In the 10th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign, due to the exclusion of his colleagues, he was dismissed from his post and returned to Li, claiming to be "the first wandering CI poet".

In the 15th year of Kangxi (1676), recommended by Xu Yuanwen, the son of Guozijian, he joined the cabinet and lived in Mingzhu mansion. He met Nalan Xingde, the son of Quanxiang Mingzhu, and became a close friend. Xu Ke, the author of Qingchan Lei Chao, said: "it's elegant, good friends, and the seats are always full. It's very close to Zhenguan, a hermit in wuliangfen, Wuxi. If you don't see her for ten days, you won't be happy. Liang Fen's attainments were as good as his own. He went up to the stairs. If he didn't ask him to go, he would go day and night. " They worked together to rescue Wu Zhaoqian, a good friend who was wronged by the "Dingyou imperial examination case" and was left to guard Ninggu pagoda, which caused a sensation in the whole country.

In 1681, when Gu Zhenguan returned to Wuxi as his mother, Ding you helped to revise the records of Luzhou county. According to the old bamboo tea stove of Tingsong nunnery in Huishan, a bamboo tea stove was imitated. Many famous scholars wrote poems to record the story. Later, Nalan Xingde compiled a new Ode to bamboo stove.

In 1684 and 1685, Zhaoqian and Xingde died one after another, which made Zhenguan very sad. In the second year of Xingde's death, he returned to his hometown. At the foot of Huishan mountain and beside the ancestral temple in his hometown Wuxi, he built a Sanying Bookstore called jishuyan. Since then, he has lived in seclusion, concentrated on reading day and night, and changed his romantic and sociable life.

In 1714, Zhenguan died in his hometown. On his deathbed, he selected 40 poems of his life and taught them to Du zhaomou. He claimed that his works were all "tasted sour and salty". Therefore, although his works are abundant, there are few poems.

Amazing friendship

In 1658, his good friend Wu Zhaoqian was exiled to ningguta (now Ning'an, Heilongjiang Province) because of the imperial examination cheating case. When Gu Zhenguan's good friend Wu Zhaoqian was sent to Heilongjiang frontier garrison, Gu Zhenguan felt resentful for his friend's injustice and vowed that he would return to Jizi. But this case was decided by Emperor Shunzhi himself, and Emperor Kangxi didn't mean to show snow. When Gu Zhenguan received a letter from Wu Zhaoqian, he knew the hardships of Wu in the frontier defense: "it's bitter and cold outside the Great Wall, ice and snow in the four seasons, the wind is blowing, mourning with blood, flying all over his body, and his temples are gradually rising.". A man and two women are sick. They are not filled with Herba Rehmanniae. Looking back on their mother, they are alone in the hall. They go all the way to the Guanhe River and return to their hometown for a long time. When Gu Zhenguan was in Beijing, he wrote two pieces of "Golden Melody" as a gift. He was deeply sad and was known as the "eternal unique tune".

After reading the letter, Gu Zhenguan shed tears. He knew that his best friend could no longer stand the damage of wind, frost, rain and snow. It was time to save his friend. Gu Zhenguan didn't forget the promise of "wutoumajiao will save each other" and asked Nalanxingde to express his love for Wu in front of Mingzhu. When he learned that there were some important officials in the imperial court, such as song Deyi in Suzhou and Xu Qianxue in Kunshan, who had contacts with Wu in the past, he went to these powerful people's door for days, hoping that they could help Wu Zhaoqian to rescue him. However, Lin Junxiu didn't want to solve his problems Seeing that he was helpless and had mixed feelings, he wrote two pieces of "Golden Melody" as a reply to Wu Zhaoqian

"Is Ji Zi safe? He will come back. He can look back on everything in his life. He has a long journey to comfort his mother and his son. He can't remember a cup of wine from the past. People should be used to fighting, always lose him, overturn the rain and clouds, hand, ice and snow, for a long time. The tears are not dripping, the clothes of cattle are penetrating, the world is far away, and the flesh and blood are still there. How many families can do it? It's like a beautiful woman with a thin life. What's more, it's not there now. It's just barren and bitter. In the past 20 years, Bao Xu has accepted a promise. He hopes that Wu tou Ma Jiao will finally save each other. This letter has been sent to his brother In Erkan's golden melody, Ding Ning admonished his friends in need, who were "deeply distressed and comforted". This kind of loyal friendship between life and death is the most affectionate work. Therefore, it was recited as "life redemption Ci" and became a masterpiece in Qing CI. After Wu Zhaoqian was released, he went to the Pearl house to thank him. On the white wall of a room, he saw the inscription: "Gu Liangfen bent his knees for Wu hancha, a talented man in Songling". Only then did he know that Gu Zhenguan had done his best for his survival.

In the 15th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign, Gu Zhenguan was invited to teach for his son Nalan Xingde. Nalanxingde was also a famous poet in the early Qing Dynasty, so they became friends. In the 17th year of Kangxi, the Qing government opened the "erudite Hongci branch" network of Luohan literati. Famous scholars such as Zhu YIZUN, Chen Weisong, Yan shengsun and Jiang Chenying were recommended to Beijing for the examination of Chinese style renhanlin Academy. Gu Zhenguan and Nalan Xingde often met with them and sang in harmony, which promoted the prosperity of Ci Poetry in the early Qing Dynasty. During his stay in Beijing, Gu Zhenguan also compiled a collection of drinking water CI for Nalanxingde.

Among Yan shengsun, Zhu YIZUN, Chen Weisong and Jiang Chenying, Gu Zhenguan is especially close to Rong Ruo. He is like a mirror, which is the reflection of Rong ruo's friendship and reflects the other half of his passion in life.

Gu Zhenguan, with the name of Huafeng and Liangfen, is a talented person in Wuxi with Yan shengsun. He and Wu hancha are close friends. After Wu hancha was in trouble, he tried every means to rescue him. Nalan's well-known rescue of Wu hancha was completed under his strong mediation.

Gu Zhenguan himself was also a member of Donglin Party in Ming Dynasty. He was famous for his works, such as jishuyanji and tanzhici. He had talent, but bad luck, and he was a subordinate all his life. In the 15th year of Kangxi (1676), he was appointed by Mingzhu as the Xibin of Nalan family. Rong Ruo and he were friends at first sight.

When Rong Ruo first met him, he wrote a piece of "Golden Melody" in the picture of side hat throwing pot, in which there was "a thousand robberies in one day's heart, and I'm afraid that I will end up in his life.". However, it is very rare for such a warm expression and wholehearted devotion to be reserved. After reading the drinking water Ci, Nalan and his works are numerous, but his inner trust and dependence on Gu Zhenguan is not just a friend.

Literary achievements

Zhenguan and Xingde advocated "writing with ease and spirit" in their Ci poems. Their Ci poems are full of emotion, simple and natural, strong in learning, and innovative. In preface to Tanchi Ci, Qin gengtong said: "it is said in xiansikou's title that Tanchi is the most important ci writer in this dynasty. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, there have been many changes in the style of Ci poetry. Mr. Yu's Ci poetry has been able to communicate with each other. The change of the gods has opened up a new realm that has not been opened by the predecessors. Xunhe is the school of Ci of a generation, and he sighs that it is appropriate for the former sikuogong to comment on him. " Chen tingzhuo's "Bai Yu Zhai CI Hua" once said of Gu Zhenguan: "Gu Huafeng's Ci is full of emotion, which is a masterpiece of an expert.". Gu Zhenguan's Ci is the best of two pieces, which are "to the ancient pagoda of chaning in the Wu and Han Dynasties, to the CI instead of the book, and Bingchen's winter residence in the snow and ice of the thousand Buddhist temples in the capital". He uses CI instead of letters, pure lines of white, touching and sincere. After reading it, Nalanxingde sighed: "He Liang's poems of life and parting, and the biography of Shanyang's dead friends, are three." (note after the poem) Chen tingzhuo commented on his [he bridegroom] and Liang Kai said: "it's just like talking at home, but it's full of joy and joy, and it's like turning and repeating, and their minds are just like seeing each other one by one" (Bai yuzhai's Ci Hua).

The rest of the works are also elegant and round, winning by charm. For example, Du Zhao wrote the preface for his poems, such as 〔 Yan Er Mei 〕 hand rolling Xianglian Yuchu 〕, 〔 Golden Melody 〕, 〔 autumn dusk dengyuhuatai 〕, 〔 hundred word order 〕, 〔 Jingxi Yubo 〕, using Shi Meixi rhyme to leave Chen Qinian, Shi diean and other students, and 〔 Shi zhouman 〕 Yuhe is blocked by Cao boats, etc.

He is the author of "Tang Ji", "Tan Zhi Ci", "Tang Wu Dai CI Qu", "Song Ci Qu", and "Jin (yizujin) CI Chu Ji" with Nalan Xingde. Among them, "spring finger"

Chinese PinYin : Gu Zhen Guan