Liu Shi'an

Liu Yong

Liu Yong (1720 ~ 1804), whose name is chongru, was born in Zhucheng, Shandong Province. He was the eldest son of Liu Tongxun, a statesman and calligrapher in Qing Dynasty.

In the 16th year of Qianlong (1751), he was a Jinshi in the imperial examination. He was an official to the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, a Bachelor of Ti Ren Ge, and a prince Shaobao. It is famous for its law-abiding, honest and clean.

Jiaqing nine years (1804), died at the age of 85, posthumous title Wenqing. Liu Yong was a famous master of calligraphy at that time, known as "Prime Minister of thick ink".

Life of the characters

Early life

In 1720, Liu Yong was born in Zhucheng, Shandong Province. His great grandfather, Liu Bixian, was an official of the Ministry of household affairs in Shunzhi. His grandfather, Liu Bi, was an official of the Ministry of household affairs in Sichuan Province. His father, Liu Tongxun, was a famous official of the Qianlong Dynasty. Liu Yong grew up in a famous family. His family members have been officials from generation to generation and have received good education since childhood.

A new official career

In 1751, because of his father's relationship, Liu Yong took part in the assembly examination and palace examination as an Eugenie. He got the second place in the imperial examination and was awarded the title of Imperial Academy scholar. He worked as an editor in Sanguan, and was promoted to minister soon, which became the starting point of his official career.

In October 1755, Liu Yong's father, Liu Tongxun, was jailed for his improper handling of military affairs. Later, his father and son were released, and Liu Yong was demoted to be the editor of the Imperial Academy.

In June of 1756, Liu Yong was the official of Guangxi provincial examination. In October, he was promoted to Anhui Xuezheng. Before Liu Yong went to Anhui to take up his post, Qianlong specially summoned him and gave him a poem, including the sentence "Haidai high family, Yingzhou new Imperial Academy", which means that he hopes Liu Yong can make achievements without humiliating his family. In view of the chaotic management of Gongsheng and Jiansheng during his term of office, Liu Yong "asked prefectures and counties to restrict Gongsheng and Jiansheng, and ordered them to check the advantages and disadvantages", and put forward practical remedies, which were affirmed by the emperor.

In October of 1759, Liu Yong was transferred to Jiangsu to study politics. Before he took office, Emperor Qianlong still gave poems to him, which shows that he had high hopes for Liu Yong. Liu Yong also lived up to his mission. He was serious in politics. When he was a student in politics, he tried Yangzhou. Because of the strict control, some people who wanted to cheat did not dare to enter. He also wrote to the emperor, saying: "those who make trouble and act recklessly in the life prison are mostly looked after by the prefectures and counties, and do not create AI. (the administrative officials) were afraid of both making trouble for the people and living in prison. They were also afraid of Xu service. As a result, they were hesitant and didn't know what was wrong. After they were convicted of crimes, those who should be responsible for the reform were not responsible for the reform. In fact, they were lazy to play. They had to sell their traitors to each other. " This view is profound and to the point of view of the times, which was deeply appreciated by Emperor Qianlong and praised for his "knowledge of the political system".

Ups and downs of official life

In 1762, Liu Yong was appointed magistrate of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province.

Qianlong 30 years (1765), promoted to Jining Daotai.

In 1766, Liu Yong was sentenced to death for neglecting Duan, the magistrate of Yangqu County, who was subordinate to him. However, Emperor Qianlong loved his talents, and he only sent troops to atone,

In 1767, he was pardoned, released and returned, and served as a walking assistant in the calligraphy office.

In 1769, Liu Yong was reappointed as the magistrate of Jiangning because of his father. Liu Yong cherished this opportunity very much. He was famous for his honest and just administration. The people admired Liu Yong's conduct and compared him to Bao Zheng of the Song Dynasty.

In 1772, Liu Yong was transferred to Shaanxi Province.

In 1773, Liu Tongxun died of illness. Liu Yong resigned and went home to mourn.

In 1776, when Liu Yong's mourning period expired, he returned to Beijing. The Qing court read Liu Tongxun's achievements for many years, and granted him a bachelor's degree in the cabinet and served in the South study. In October, he was also the vice president of Sikuquanshu library, and the president of Xiyu Tuzhi and rixia Jiuwen Kao.

In July 1777, he served as the chief examiner of Jiangnan Rural examination, and later returned to Jiangsu Xuezheng. During his term of office, Liu Yong impeached Xu Shukui, a Juren of Qinzhou, for his works disobedience, and suggested punishment according to the law. At the end of the year, because of his meritorious service and outstanding achievements in supervising schools, he moved to the right servant of the household department, and then transferred to the right servant of the official department.

In 1780, Liu Yong was promoted to governor of Hunan Province. At that time, many places in Hunan were affected by the disaster, and there were many cases of theft in some disaster free prefectures and counties, and corrupt officials were rampant. After Liu Yong took office, he found out the reasons, impeached the corrupt officials according to the facts, and suggested that they should be dealt with strictly. On the one hand, check the inventory, build the city, build the storage Valley, and provide relief to the victims. In just over a year, the bank was rich and the people's food was abundant. Liu Yong was loved by the local people.

In 1781, Liu Yong was promoted to be the censor of zuodu in duchayuan.

In March 1782, Qianlong was the president of Santong library. In the same year, the censor Qian Feng impeached the governor of Shandong Guotai for selfish activities. Liu Yong, together with he Liu and Qian Feng, rushed to Jinan government of Shandong Province to hear the case. During this period, he Li intentionally favoured Guotai, Qian Feng argued for it, Liu Yong presided over justice, and finally made Guotai succumb to the law. Later, the folk had written the popular novel "Liu Gong case" based on this. In the same year, he moved to be the Secretary of the Ministry of industry and served as the chief master of the study. At that time, He Lin was very popular, and Liu Yong could only "defy the others, but amuse them with humor", showing his other side of being a person and an official. Facing Qianlong's special favor on He Lin, Liu Yong had to be quiet and self-conscious.

The official voice is fading

In 1783, Liu Yong was promoted to governor of Zhili, assistant bachelor and supervisor of Guozi.

In 1786, he served as the vice president of Yudi Museum. But in the next few years, Liu Yong made mistakes constantly, and his official voice was not as good as before, and he was criticized by the emperor many times.

At the beginning of 1787, Liu Yong was reprimanded for leaking the conversation with the emperor about Ji Huang and Cao Wenyu. In August, Emperor Qianlong entrusted Liu Yong to preside over the worship of the Confucian temple, but he was impeached by the Minister of Taichang temple, Debao, because he didn't bow to him as required.

In the summer of 1788, when Liu Yong was concurrently in charge of the Imperial College, he was impeached by the censor Zhu Delin in a bribery case in which the examinees of the rural examination presented the Hall officials. Liu Yong was punished.

In April of 1789, the emperor and the masters who went to the study did not come to the study for a long time. Liu Yong, as the chief teacher, refused to correct and was demoted to be the Minister of the Ministry of officials.

In 1793, Liu Yong was the chief examiner of the general examination in that year, but he arranged improper marking and hasty marking, which led to a lot of illegal and unqualified papers.

Qianlong 59 years (1794), moved to the cabinet bachelor, as Minister of the Ministry of officials.

In March of 1797, Liu Yong was awarded the bachelor degree of Ti Ren Ge. However, he was accused by Emperor Qianlong that he had never been willing to work wholeheartedly and was lazy. He said that he was promoted because there was no other candidate. In May, Liu Yong, together with Shangshu Qinggui, went to Shandong to investigate the situation of the breach of the Yellow River. Liu Yong wrote a request to build a dam at the breach and dredge the lower reaches. The Imperial Court adopted the advice.

begin well and end well

In the first month of the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), Liu Yong was granted the title of crown prince Shaobao, and participated in the trial of the illegal case of He Lin, the great Bachelor of Wenhua palace. At the end of the year, Liu Yong made a statement on the administration of water transport. He was deeply aware of the loopholes in water transport and expressed his concern for the country and the people.

In 1801, Liu Yong was the president of the guild hall.

In 1802, Emperor Jiaqing ordered Liu Yong to stay in Beijing to preside over the government. At this time, Liu Yong was more than 80 years old, but he was as light and healthy as ever. His eyes were bright and cold.

In 1804, Liu Yong died at his home in lvshi Hutong, Beijing, at the age of 85. Two days before his death, he was on duty in the South study and invited guests to dinner at night. According to the records of Xiao Ting Za Lu, Liu Yong's "nose note drooped more than an inch" at the time of his death, which coincides with the meaning of being good at liberation in Buddhist language. It can be said that Liu Yong died with complete merits. After his death, he was given the title of Wenqing as a gift to the crown prince, Taibao, and was sacrificed to Xianliang temple.

personal works

Shi'an poetry collection (calligraphy works)

Main achievements

Politics

Liu Yong was born in a famous family, and his ancestors were all Jinshi. His father, Liu Tongxun, was a great scholar in the cabinet. He was highly trusted by Emperor Qianlong. Therefore, Liu Yong's official career had a deep family origin. Liu Yong has been an official for more than 50 years. His official career has gone through ups and downs for several times. He was a Bachelor of Ti Ren Ge. Generally speaking, he was honest and clean, enjoying a good reputation. He inherited the mantle of his father Liu Tongxun and became an important minister in the Qianlong and Jiaqing dynasties.

Calligraphy

Liu Yong is not only a politician, but also a famous calligrapher. He is a master of calligraphy. He is known as one of the four calligraphers in Qing Dynasty (the other three are prince Cheng, Weng Fanggang and tiebao). Xu Ke of the Qing Dynasty praised Liu Yong: "the calligraphy of the Qing Dynasty, for example, the sound of Huang Zhong and Da Lu, the instrument of the Ming Tang Temple of the Qing Dynasty, is the most famous calligrapher of the generation. Gai is a famous calligrapher of all ages. The so-called "golden voice and jade vibration" is the great achievement of the group sage. From the time he entered the ci poetry hall to the time when he ascended the stage Pavilion, his physique was constantly changing and his mind was unpredictable. " Liu Yong is a creative calligrapher who is good at learning from the past. Liu Yong's calligraphy is characterized by thick ink, strong body, solid and unique features. Liu Yong's book is especially good at small regular script, which is praised not only by Zhong Yao, Wang Xizhi, Yan Zhenqing and Su Shi, but also by Wei and Jin Dynasties. Liu Yong was also an expert in literature. He was well-known for his knowledge of classics and history of hundreds of schools and his research on ancient Chinese prose.

Collection

Liu Yong is fond of collecting books, and his family has both

Chinese PinYin : Liu Shi An