Liu Wei

Liu Wei

Liu Wei? He was born in Jiangling, Jingzhou (now Jiangling, Hubei Province). He was the Prime Minister of the Tang Dynasty and the great grandson of Liu Lin, the Minister of Nanliang capital.

Liu Wei was born in Nanyang Liu's family. He was the Minister of Huangmen in the late Sui Dynasty. After his downfall to Tang Dynasty, he successively served as the governor of Nankang Prefecture, such as Shi Changshi, geishizhong, Zhishu Shi Yushi, Shangshu Youcheng, Huangmen minister, Shizhong, and fengqingyuan County man. He is famous for his direct admonition.

Liu Wei supported Li Tai, the king of Wei, in the battle for the crown prince, and assisted Prince Li to govern the country during the eastern expedition of Emperor Taizong. In December of the 19th year of Zhenguan (January of 646), Liu Xun was framed by Chu suiliang for his discord with him and was given death. Wu Zetian was vindicated.

Life of the characters

Early experience

In his early years, Liu Wei worked for Xiao MI and served as the Minister of Huangmen. Later, he led the army to attack lingbiao in the South and captured more than 50 cities. In 621, Xiao MI was defeated. Liu's fashion was in the south of the five ridges, so he presented his watch to the Tang Dynasty and was awarded the title of governor of Nankang Prefecture.

To occupy an important position

In the seventh year of Zhenguan (633), Liu Zhen was worshipped as a man of Qingyuan County. In the 11th year of Zhenguan (637), Liu changed his post as a governor. In view of the accumulation of government affairs in Shangshu province at that time, he said: "today, only meritorious officials and relatives occupy important positions, can they not win their posts, and they fight with each other by virtue of their merits and power. Serving officials can not insist on justice. Although they want to strive for self-improvement, they are afraid of being slandered by rumors. Therefore, what should have been decided by the doctor should have been reported to the higher authorities, and the ministers were also ambiguous and could not make a decision. Some of them obeyed the emperor's will regardless of the actual situation, while others refused to uphold justice in order to avoid suspicion and taboo. Some people think that everything will be all right after the case is concluded, but they don't study whether the conclusion is correct or not; some people think that flattering the superior is to serve the public, regardless of whether his actions are appropriate or not. " In the early years of Zhenguan, Wei Zheng and Dai Zhou did not dare to slack off when they were ministers. He suggested that Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty should carefully select and appoint ministers and doctors of two departments, so as to improve work efficiency. He was appointed as minister Youcheng by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. In the 13th year of Zhenguan (639), Liu changed his post as the Minister of Huangmen. In the 16th year of Zhenguan (642), Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty asked Chu suiliang for his notes on daily life. Chu suiliang refused: "the daily notes records the words and deeds of the monarch in the hope that the monarch will not do anything illegal. I have never heard that the monarch can take it to see for himself!" Tang Taizong asked: "I have bad words and deeds, do you want to write them down?" Chu suiliang replied, "I dare not forget my duty." At this time, Liu Wei interposed: "even if Chu suiliang has no record, people in the world will remember it." Emperor Taizong had to give up.

Promotion to prime minister

In the 17th year of Zhenguan (643), Liu Xun was worshipped as a regular official on horseback, a doctor of Yin Qing Guanglu, and a guard. In April, Li Chengqian, the crown prince, was abolished. Liu Wei and Cen Wenwen supported Li Tai, the king of Wei, while Chang sun Wuji supported Li Zhi, the king of Jin. Taizong of Tang Dynasty finally made Lizhi the crown prince. In May, Liu Jin said: "the prince should be diligent and inquisitive, and be kind to his teachers and friends. Nowadays, it takes ten and a half days for the prince to serve in the palace, and the assistant ministers of the eastern palace seldom answer questions with the prince. I hope your majesty can restrain his love for his descendants and abide by the rules. It's a blessing for the world. " So Emperor Taizong asked Liu Wei, cen Wenwen, Chu suiliang and Ma Zhou to go to the East Palace in turn to discuss political affairs with the prince. In the 18th year of Zhenguan (644), Liu was promoted to serve as a servant. At that time, Emperor Taizong asked the minister to point out his fault. Chang sun Wuji, Li Ji, Yang Shidao and others all said, "Your Majesty has no fault." However, Liu said: "recently, someone wrote a letter which is not in line with your Majesty's intention. Your majesty reproached him face to face. All the people who wrote a letter were ashamed to leave. I'm afraid they can't speak widely." Tang Taizong said, "you are right. I will change it." In the 19th year of Zhenguan (645), Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty personally recruited Koguryo and ordered Prince Lizhi to supervise the state in Dingzhou. Liu was appointed Minister of the Ministry of people's affairs of the school. He also served as the prince Zuo Shuzi and assisted the prince with Gao Shilian and Ma Zhou. Before he left, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty said, "now I'm leading an expedition. I want you to assist the prince. The safety of the country depends on you." Liu replied, "Your Majesty, don't worry. The minister is guilty. I will punish him immediately." Emperor Taizong thought that he was arrogant, and warned: "if you don't keep it secret, you will lose your official, if you don't keep it secret, you will lose yourself. If you are broad-minded and upright, you will be in trouble. You should be careful

Die of greed

In December of the same year (January 646), the head teacher of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty returned to Dingzhou and fell ill on the way. Liu and Zhongshu ordered Ma Zhou to visit him. When Chu suiliang asked Emperor Taizong about his daily life, Liu cried: "the holy body suffers from carbuncle, which makes people worried." However, Chu suiliang falsely told Emperor Taizong: "Liu Wei once said," there is no need to worry about the important affairs of the imperial court. Just follow the story of Yi Yin and Huo Guang, assist the young prince, and kill the minister who has two hearts. " Soon after, Taizong recovered and asked Liu about it. Liu Wei answered truthfully, and Ma Zhou also testified for him, but Chu suiliang insisted on his own opinion. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty then ordered Liu to die and let him commit suicide. When Liu Wei was dying, he wanted to leave a speech, but the Secretary for Constitutional Affairs refused to give a pen and paper. When Emperor Taizong learned about it, he put all the officials in prison. In the first year of Xianqing (656), Liu Hongye, the son of Liu, went up to Emperor Shu to vindicate his father, claiming that he was framed by Chu suiliang. Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty inquired about the opinions of his close ministers and said to le Yanwei: "if you wash Liu's guilt, it's not that the emperor abused the punishment." Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty suppressed the discussion and did not mention it any more. In the first year of civilization (684), Wu Zetian called the system in the face of the dynasty, and issued an imperial edict to restore Liu's official rank. Only in this way can Liu's unjust case be vindicated.

Anecdotes and allusions

Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty once held banquets at Xuanwu Gate for officials above grade three, and wrote feibai calligraphy. All the officials took advantage of the prosperity to fight for it. Liu Wei boarded Taizong's seat, and when Taizong finished writing a picture, he immediately grabbed it from behind. The officials said, "Liu Ji should be put to death if he goes to the emperor's bed without permission." Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty laughed: "I heard that Jieyu left her chariot in the past, but now I see that she often attends to the bed." This has not been investigated.

Character evaluation

Li Shimin: 1. Since I am in the world, I have an open mind and integrity. That is to say, Wei Zheng gives advice all the time. Liu Wei, cen Wenwen, Ma Zhou, Chu suiliang and so on followed the death of Zhengyun. (2) Liu is the most faithful and has interests; however, his intention is still promising and is private to his friends. Wu Jing: the emperor of Taizong was very pleased to speak. He had Wei Zheng, Wang Yi, Yu Shinan, Li Daliang, cen Wenwen, Liu Yi, Ma Zhou, Chu suiliang, Du Zhenglun, Gao Jifu, and Xianyi's admonition, who led him to an important position. Lu Wenji: when I read the story of Zhenguan, I can see the chapters of Wei Zheng and Ma Zhou, and the plays of Wang Li and Liu Li. It's a long-term strategy for all generations, not just a wild talk. (1) Liu Yu began to write a few chapters, which led to his position in Longxian. As for the outline of the whole belt, consult shengjiayou, from the scholars talk, body langmiao instrument. Eh, the cardinal's hair, the master of honor and disgrace, was wrongly accused. Although you are very regretful, you can't wait for your words. You are very sad! (2) a father is born every day. The great master chooses the virtuous, regardless of rank. The king of Bin was a thief official on foot. As soon as I see Wen Huang, I am in phase. Zhang Zhao: in the early Tang Dynasty, Liu Zhen and Ma Zhou were on foot, and Taizong was the prime minister. After that, Liu can and Zhu Pu lived in the lower office, and Zhaozong also increased their use. These four scholars were known by the emperor. However, it is hard for scholars to know that Taizong used it to prosper the country and Zhaozong used it to perish the country. Song Qi: Liu's talent is very strong, and the so-called "Wang Chen Jian" in the book of changes. However, his nature was just and sparse, and he was the assistant prince. He wanted to be in danger. He covered up the crowd with words, and was taken advantage of by the taboo. He was punished by the crime. Whoo! In the light of Taizong's wisdom, we should cover up our anger, but we can't apply our loyalty to the top, let alone the bottom? The ancients took words as a warning, but they were not careful! Zeng Gong: at the time of Fang and Du, he worked with sun Wuji and Cen Wenwen, admonished Wei Zhenggong and Wang Wei, zhengangwei Dai Zhou and Liu Wei, Zhang Yuanyuan and sun Fuga in accordance with the constitution, Li Ji and Li Jing in conscription, and Li Daliang in keeping with the people's land. The rest of them were officials in charge of their own affairs, including Ma Zhou, Wen Yanbo, Du Zhenglun, Zhang Xingcheng, Li Gang, Yu Shinan and Chu suiliang.

personal works

Liu Ji has ten volumes of collected works. there is one poem in the whole Tang Poetry: banquet of andeshan pool. There are three chapters in the whole Tangwen: on Zuo zuocheng's need to get a person's watch, on the list of the prince's first appointment for honoring sages, and on remonstrating and criticizing minister Liao's speech.

member of family

Zeng Zu: Liu Zhilin, an official in Nanliang, was an official in the capital. son: Liu Guangzong, an official doctor in the capital. son: Liu Hongye. Sun Tzu: Liu Dunxing, the son of Liu Guangzong, was an official to tuntian yuanwailang.

Historical records

The old book of the Tang Dynasty, volume 74, biography 24; the new book of the Tang Dynasty, volume 99, biography 24; Zizhi Tongjian, volume 189, Tangji 5; Zizhi Tongjian, volume 195, Tangji 11; Zizhi Tongjian, volume 196, Tangji 12; Zizhi Tongjian, volume 197, Tangji 13; Zizhi Tongjian, volume 198, Tangji 13 Chapter 14

Dispute over the cause of death

The cause of Liu's death has been paid close attention by historians. In both the old and new Tang books, it is believed that Liu's death was due to Chu suiliang's slander against Tang Taizong. Sima Guang, on the other hand, argued that Chu suiliang, who was honest and loyal, would not make a false accusation. All the statements that Chu suiliang killed Liu were framed by Xu Jingzong. Sun Fu and Su Shi of the Song Dynasty share the same view. However, modern historians often look at whether Chu suiliang killed Liu from the perspective of the overall political situation. Mr. Lu simian pointed out that Chu suiliang framed Liu Wei as a fact, while Tang Taizong killed him for other reasons. Wang Zhen pointed out that the reason why Taizong killed Liu Zhen was that "Liu Zhen was different from Li Zhisu

Chinese PinYin : Liu Ji