Liu Chang

Liu Chang

Liu Chang (436 - June 12, 497), a native of Pengcheng county (now Tongshan District, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province), was born in xiudao. During the northern and Southern Dynasties, Liu Yilong, the ninth son of Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty, was a minister whose mother was Xie ronghua.

In 436, Yuanjia was born in Jiankang palace. He was canonized as king Yiyang. He was the general of the northern expedition, the third division of Kaifu Yitong and the governor of Xuzhou. Under the suspicion of Liu ziye, the former deposed emperor, he defected to the Northern Wei Dynasty, served as a servant and a general in the south, and was canonized as the king of Danyang. Although he was exiled in the Northern Wei Dynasty, he never forgot his hometown. After learning that Nanqi usurped the throne, he led troops to the south many times, hoping to take advantage of the situation to restore the country, but failed.

In 497, he died of illness at the age of 62. He was given the title of Ming Dynasty to Taifu and governor of Yangzhou.

Life of the characters

King in childhood

Liu Chang was the ninth son of Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty, and his mother was Xie ronghua. In the 22nd year of Yuanjia (445), he was granted the title of King Yiyang, eating 2000 households in the city. He was only ten years old at that time.

In and out of work

In the 27th year of Yuanjia (450), Liu Chang was worshipped as a general of the auxiliary state and became the prefect of nanpengcheng and xiapi.

In 453, the crown prince Liu Shao killed his father and usurped the throne, but he was soon attacked and killed by his third brother Liu Jun, king of Wuling. Liu Jun ascended the throne and was called emperor Xiaowu of Song Dynasty. Liu Chang was first given the position of a regular official by Liu Shao, and then changed to Taichang by Liu Jun. Later, Liu Chang was released as the general of dongzhonglang and the eunuch of Kuaiji. He supervised the military affairs of the five counties of eastern Zhejiang in Yangzhou, namely Kuaiji, Dongyang, Xin'an, Linhai and Yongjia.

In the first year of Xiaojian (454), Liu Jun promoted the five counties in eastern Zhejiang to Eastern Yangzhou, and Liu Chang was the later general and the governor of Eastern Yangzhou.

In the first year of the Ming Dynasty (457), Liu Chang was recalled to the imperial court and served as a Secretary Supervisor. He led a valiant cavalry general, and was also granted a regular official. Soon after, he was awarded as a general of the Chinese army, and once again served as the prefect of nanpengcheng and xiapi. Later, Liu Chang became a former general and governor of Jiangzhou. He also supervised the military of Jiangzhou and the three counties of Xiyang, Xincai and Jinxi.

In the third year of the Ming Dynasty (459), Liu Chang was enlisted and worshipped as a general of the garrison. He was granted a Ministry of propaganda, which increased the number of households in the city. Later, Liu Jun appointed Liu Chang as the commander of the central government and general of the central army, and worshipped him as the third division of Kaifu Yitong.

In the eighth year of the Ming Dynasty (464), Liu Jun died of illness, and the crown prince Liu ziye ascended the throne. Liu Chang was released as a general of the northern expedition, the third division of Kaifu Yitong, and the governor of Xuzhou. He guarded Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province), and as an envoy, he supervised the military of Xuzhou, Yanzhou, nanyanzhou, Qingzhou, Jizhou, Youzhou and Liangjun of Yuzhou.

Exile in Northern Wei Dynasty

Liu Chang was paranoid and impatient. He was often scolded for being disrespectful to Liu Jun. people all said that Liu Chang had a different heart. After Liu ziye ascended the throne, he was extremely afraid of the kings of the imperial clan. Liu Chang's argument that he will fight against it is even more rampant. Liu Chang then sent his students to Beijing and asked to return to the court to test Liu ziye's attitude. At that time, as soon as Liu ziye killed Liu Yigong, king of Jiangxia, he wanted to take the opportunity to get rid of Liu Chang. He claimed that Liu Chang and Liu Yigong conspired to revolt, and repeatedly asked him why he did not report to the court.

Worried about the emperor's punishment, he fled back to Pengcheng in a hurry. Liu ziye then ordered a crusade against Liu Chang and personally led his troops across the river to Xuzhou. Liu Chang wanted to raise his army to resist, but he could not be supported by the generals and the prefectures under his jurisdiction. Knowing that he could not fight against the Imperial Army, he abandoned his mother and wife, took his concubine Wu family with him, and fled to the north of the city with more than 60 relatives at night. It was in September of the first year of song Yongguang (the sixth year of Wei Heping, 465). The followers defected along the way, and finally there were only more than 20 people left.

After Liu Chang fled to the Northern Wei Dynasty, he was deeply treated. He was worshipped as a servant and a general in the south. He was granted the title of King Danyang, married a princess, and was granted the title of Duwei. Later, Liu ziye was killed in the coup, and his uncle Liu Yu, the king of eastern Hunan, was named emperor of the song and Ming Dynasties. In the first year of Wei Huangxing (467), Liu Yu sent an official, wailang Li Feng, to the Northern Wei Dynasty to welcome back his elder brother Liu Chang, but he failed. Three years later, Liu Xie, his sixth son, was adopted as Liu Chang's successor to succeed him.

Liu Chang lived in the Northern Wei Dynasty for more than ten years. After two generations of emperors, Xianwen emperor tuobahong and Xiaowen emperor tuobahong (Yuanhong), Liu Chang was promoted to a senior official. He always cherished his homeland, and every time he mentioned the events of the Southern Dynasty, he was filled with tears. At that time, the powerful (Xianbei nobles) in the Northern Wei Dynasty rejected Liu Chang very much, even teased and insulted him in public. Although Tuoba Hong was polite to Liu Chang, he was incompetent and just pretended not to know. In the first year of Wei Taihe (477), Liu Chang was promoted to a senior official.

Expedition to the Southern Qi Dynasty

In the third year of Taihe (479), Emperor Xiao Daocheng usurped the Song Dynasty and established the Southern Qi Dynasty. Then he killed Liu Zhun, the emperor of song Shun, who had already become a Zen emperor, and destroyed the Liu clan. Under the banner of revenge for Liu Chang, Tuoba Hong ordered Tuoba Jia, the king of Liang County, Tuoba Chen, the Duke of Longxi, and Xue Huzi, the Duke of Hedong, to divide their forces to attack the Southern Qi Dynasty. At that time, Tuoba Hong also promised Liu Chang that he would revive his ancestors' foundation in Jiangnan after he destroyed Qi. Liu Chang went south with the Wei army as a general.

In the fourth year of Taihe (480), the Wei army attacked Shouyang (the state of Qiyu, now Shouxian County, Anhui Province). Before the battle, Liu Chang bowed down to the soldiers and took revenge on the Chen family. His words were sincere and passionate. When he talked about the excitement, he was filled with tears and sadness. However, Chongzu, the governor of Yushou, had already made preparations for the battle. He dug the Feishui dam and broke the Wei army with the method of flooding. Seeing that the war was not going well, Liu Chang called on his class teacher in March of that year on the ground that the rainy season was approaching.

In the sixth year of Taihe (482), Xiao Daocheng died of illness, and Xiao you, Emperor Wu of Qi Dynasty, ascended the throne and had a good relationship with the Northern Wei Dynasty. Since then, Wei and Qi have entered a period of peace for more than ten years, and each of them has given up his troops to support his people. There has been no large-scale war. During this period, Liu Chang was worshipped as the third division of Yitong, and led Cao Shangshu. He never forgot to destroy his family. He claimed that he had "great shame but not snow, pain and shame". He asked several times to go out of Zhenbian prefecture to summon the adherents, but he was politely refused by Tuoba Hong. Later, Liu Chang was promoted to Zhongshu supervisor.

In the 16th year of Taihe (492), tuobahong reformed the Jue system and reduced all kings of different surnames to dukes. Liu Chang was given the title of "king of song" after he was demoted as the founder of Qi county.

In the 17th year of Taihe (493), Emperor Xiaoyu of Qi ordered to build 3000 vehicles to attack Pengcheng by land. Liu Chang takes the opportunity to cry to Tuoba Hong and asks him to send troops to clean up his family feud. Tuoba Hong then hoarded a large number of materials in Huaibei area, preparing for the southern expedition.

In the 18th year of Taihe (494), Liu was granted the title of envoy Chijie, Governor Wu Yue, military officer of Chu and general of Chu. He left Pengcheng. At the end of that year, there was a coup in the Southern Qi Dynasty. Xiao Luan, the powerful minister, abolished and killed the emperors Xiao Zhaoye and Xiao Zhaowen successively, usurped the throne and became Emperor Ming. Taking advantage of the civil strife in the Southern Qi Dynasty, Tuoba Hong personally led a large army to march to the south, and ordered Liu Chang to attack the Southern Qi Dynasty in four ways with general Xue zhendu, governor of Xuzhou yuanyan, and general Pingnan Liu zaobing. Among them, Liu Chang led his troops to attack Yiyang (Qi Si Zhou, now Xinyang, Henan Province).

In the 19th year of Taihe (495), Liu Chang attacked Yiyang and besieged the city with a large army, forcing the governor of Sizhou, Xiao Qi, to take charge of the city. He built three barriers outside the city and concentrated his forces to launch the siege. At that time, although Liu Chang repeatedly broke the Qi army, he failed to break Yiyang. Soon after, Qi reinforcements arrived. Xiao also sent troops out of the city to attack the reinforcements inside and outside. Liu Chang had to abandon the encirclement and retreat to Pengcheng. In March of that year, Tuoba Hong also withdrew from the front line of the southern expedition to Pengcheng. Liu Chang pleaded guilty to Tuo Ba Hong for his long fighting and no success. Tuoba Hongshi did not ask, and later he gave Liu Chang twenty swordsmen.

Pengcheng died of illness

In April 497, Liu Chang died in Pengcheng at the age of 62. Tuobahong mourned for him, gave him special gifts from Jiuxi, advocated by Yubao at the front and back, and gave him false yellow Yue, Taifu and Yangzhou governor. He was posthumously named King Ming. The funeral standard was in accordance with the old practice of Sima Li, King langye of Jin Dynasty.

Main impact

To reform Chaoyi:

During the reform of Emperor Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Liu Chang once presided over the "reform of imperial instruments" with Cao Shangshu and Jiang Shaoyou, and put forward many suggestions according to the canon system of the Southern Dynasty. At that time, tuobahong intended to change Hu clothing to Han clothing. Liu Chang argued with Jiang Shaoyou for six years, and finally completed the reform measure of "Yi Han Fu", which promoted the process of Sinicization of the Northern Wei regime.

During the expedition to the Southern Qi Dynasty:

During the period of Northern Wei Dynasty, Liu Chang took part in two expeditions against Southern Qi. The first time was in November of the third year of Taihe (479), when they attacked Shouyang with Xue Huzi (later changed to tuobajia). However, because of the readiness of Qi army, they withdrew in March of the next year. The second time, in December of the 18th year of Taihe (494), he led his troops to attack Yiyang and repeatedly broke the Qi army. Later, because of the internal and external attacks of Qi reinforcements and defenders, they were forced to withdraw.

Historical evaluation

Wei Shou: ① Chang is good at dogs and horses, and loves military affairs. Entering the national calendar, you are still clothed with soap and clothes of the same ferocious element. However, he cursed the boy servant, and his voice was mixed with that of Yixia As for Chen Zou's accident in his own country, his words and conscription were able to contain his tears and move with sadness. However, his nature was narrow-minded and irritable, and he was not always happy and angry. Every time he was angry, Chu Pu was very bitter. He was attracted to Nanshi, but he was not polite enough. ② Liu Chang was suspicious and afraid of disaster. When Xiao Yao died, he sneaked into the shadow and ordered him to go to the kingdom. All known, salt when Ren Yu, although there is the intention of pillow Ge, the end of no whip tomb sincerity. The sons of Chang lost their family property when they were scattered. Baoyin's ingratitude is in the heart of the owl. This is also a common phenomenon of being cunning and frivolous. Heaven's sin is heavy, and the devil's door is covered.

Wang Fuzhi: 1. Liu Chang and Xiao Baoyin were granted the title of Tuoba by the king. They invaded the south by the Japanese leader. They were scum in their families, bandits in their countries, and birds and insects in their objects. They secretly watched and rested in people's leisure. They were angry and angry, and took chances to divide the rest of the food into jackals and tigers

Chinese PinYin : Liu Chang