Ni Renji

Ni Renji

Ni Renji (1607-1685), female, was born in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Her name is Xinhui, and she is named ningxiangzi. She has a broad knowledge of classics, history, poetry, and also works in calligraphy, painting and embroidery. The representative work of the poem, miscellaneous chants of the four seasons in the mountains, is proficient in landscape, figures, flowers, feathers, animals and other creations, especially in painting beauties. The contemporaries called it "those who have acquired the skills of calligraphy and painting are as precious as Gongbi". In addition, Ni Renji's most outstanding achievement lies in embroidery. Because he is good at painting and calligraphy, he can combine ink and wash painting, be good at using embroidery instead of writing, and use needlework flexibly, which makes embroidery vivid and hard to find needle and thread traces.

Life of the characters

Ni Renji (1607-1685), whose name is Xinhui, was born in Nida village, Pujiang City, Zhejiang Province. His father, Ni Shangzhong, was a Jinshi of Wanli in Ming Dynasty. During the reign of Zhu Yijun (1573-1602), the emperor of Ming Dynasty, Ni Shangzhong was transferred from Guangdong Province to Jiangxi Province, where he was known to Ji'an. Ni Renji was born in Ji'an in 1607, so his father was named "Renji". Ni Renji is brilliant and talented. Her family environment plays an important role in her growth. In the year of Jiji, he married Wu Zhiyi of Yiwu and lived in Yiwu for a long time. Therefore, Ni Renji was called a native of Yiwu.

Ni Renji is good at landscape writing. As a matter of fact, Ni Renji is quite accomplished in calligraphy and painting. She is most famous for her painting. Her landscape painting has its own characteristics, and she paints beautiful ladies, which is called her unique skill. Ni Renji is also known as "Yougong Zhangshi" in the book. Ni Renji's family life was extremely unfortunate. Wu Zhiyi died early. She became a "young widow" and ended her husband and wife's life prematurely. Therefore, she avoided all kinds of interference and children's drag. In her long lonely life, she had to empathize with poetry, calligraphy and painting and seek sustenance in the imaginary world. Therefore, Ni Renji often has leisure time to engage in writing, or to express his feelings in books, or to express his feelings in paintings, or to express his ambition in poetry. He is dedicated to artistic creation, and his skills are advanced to a very high level. The world calls him a "unique skill", which is a powerful circumstantial evidence. Although she was young and widowed, it was unfortunate, but it also brought up Ni Renji's versatility. It can be seen that she is a promising woman who is constantly striving for self-improvement. She is the author of ningxiangge poetry anthology, gongyitiayu, gongyishi, Shanju Zayin, etc., which can be seen in Jinhua jingjizhi.

Ni Renji lives alone in the countryside. She likes bamboo all her life. She plants bamboo all over the yard by herself. She uses bamboo as a metaphor for herself. She takes great care of it and never cuts it down easily. It is said that when Dong Qiao, a scholar in Laiyang, traveled to Zhejiang Province, he admired Ni Renji and paid a visit to him. They met and talked about each other speculatively. Before leaving, Ni Renji cut a piece of bamboo and gave it to Dong Qiao. Ni Renji thinks that he is as noble, faithful and modest as bamboo, so he gives bamboo to each other. The ancients called bamboo "gentleman", and Ni Renji took this meaning. Besides poetry and painting, Ni Renji often plays the piano on moonlit night to relieve his loneliness. "Ming poetry synthesis" contains a good poem "playing the piano"

Lihua small courtyard dance wind light, Manli ice into Taiqing.

A Wutong heart has not died, and it still has heartbroken voice.

From the content of the poem, Ni Renji's poem is a work of singing after he lost his spouse. The jade finger flicks gently and the sad sound curls. What he plays is heartbreaking music. As for Ni Renji's poetic talent, Wang Shilu in Qing Dynasty quoted "shenshitang Guayu" in his "Gong GUI's Ji Yi Wen Kao Lue" as saying: "Xinhui has five words and seven quatrains, and the wind spirit attains the realm, which is extraordinary. There is no way to understand ancient poetry."

Ni Renji is not only good at poetry, calligraphy, painting and Qin, but also good at embroidery. She is a famous female artist after Han Ximeng in Ming Dynasty. "Jinhua zhengxianlu" praises Ni Renji's Embroidery Art: "dyeing is not only working, but also carrying needles without trace." His posthumous works include five blessings and planting trees. Ni Renji is especially good at embroidering Buddha statues. He is very famous. Embroidering Buddha statues can wipe out the traces of stitches and threads, making them picturesque. She once embroidered a volume of Heart Sutra, which was made of plain silk. She used deep blue silk thread to cut jade like gold. Her embroidery skill was also called unique. Many people praised her embroidery skill. The most remarkable is Ni Renji's hair embroidery. Her handed down work, the portrait of a great scholar in hair embroidery, is dignified and tranquil in appearance, conveying the highest spiritual realm and divine temperament. This is Ni Renji's most rigorous, delicate and stable work of embroidery Buddha. It was found in Yiwu in December 1957 and is now treasured in Jimei garden of Yiwu.

Ni Renji lives alone in a lonely room. She is engaged in embroidery and has reached a very high artistic level. In order to sum up her experience in embroidery, she has compiled the book of embroidery monograph "fragrance embroidery". In "the best of Chinese fine arts" edited by Zhu Guorong, it says: "the embroidery manual, written by Ding Pei, a famous embroidery expert, published in 1821, is the first monograph in the history of embroidery in China. I don't know what the basis is. Ni Renji's "Ningxiang xiupu" came out at least 140 years earlier than Ding Pei's "xiupu". If we talk about the first monograph in the history of embroidery in China, we should also push "Ningxiang xiupu". The dictionary of Chinese arts and crafts calls Ni Renji an embroidery craftsman of the Ming Dynasty. In fact, Ni Renji is a well-educated and versatile lady with amazing artistic talent. She is the best among the talented women. It is just right to describe Ni Renji with "unique skills like King and few in the world".

Ni Renji was born in Jizhou, Jiangxi Province on the 25th day of the first lunar month in 1607. At this time, his father Ni Shangzhong was appointed Tongzhi of Jizhou, Jiangxi Province. Ni Shangzhong was born in 1551 (Ming Jiajing, 1911). He was elected in 1588 (Ming Wanli, 1898). He became a scholar in 1598 (Ming Wanli, 1898). He was meant to die early. His stepmother Zhu gave birth to three more sons: his eldest son Ni Renhu, his second son Ni Ren, and his third son Ni Renzhen (Ni Renzhen is 10 years older than Ni Renji). At this time, Ni Shangzhong got a daughter in his later years (57 years old), especially cherished. In memory of Ni Renji's birthplace in Jizhou, and in the hope that her daughter's life will be auspicious and happy, she named "Renji", a masculine and intellectual name, according to the generation of "Ren". However, it seems that heaven and earth determine the direction of her life first.

In the same year, Ni Shangzhong "returned from Jizhou.". ① The reason for the death is not clear, probably because of his loyalty and uprightness. Ni Shangzhong also had the intention of retiring for a long time and wanted to go back to his hometown to live a free life for a few years. Nida village is a small mountain village at the junction of Pujiang and Lanxi counties. Ni Renji once wrote: "Yu lives in Lanpu, where the streams and mountains are deep and beautiful, the valleys and trees are quiet and the windows are secluded. He can't find the traces of horses and chariots, but the villagers are mostly plain and wild. They have nothing to do outside the autonomous fields. They are also called XiaoTaoYuan cloud in the middle of the village.". ② After Ni Shangzhong returned to his hometown, beside the small lake (commonly known as "dragon pool") which is "two Li Xu" away from his residence, "on the pavilion, there are many flowers and trees, which linger here day by day, as if they were between the six bridges and two peaks". ③ there is also "eight scenery poems of the small West Lake" handed down. At this time, Ni Shangzhong put all his love on cultivating his children, especially his young daughter Ni Renji. Because of being in a relatively relaxed environment, Ni Renji was able to grow up both physically and mentally. She clearly recalled: "doctor Chengxian was only ten years old when he was teaching, and he was still a young man.". ④ "Ni's Genealogy" also records in detail: Ni Renji "can write poetry and be good at embroidery, calligraphy and painting. (Note: Ni Shangzhong) it's only when he holds it to show people that his name is called "Jishen". ⑤ This kind of "appreciation" education provides a very superior condition for Ni Renji's healthy growth and talent development. Ni Renzhen, who is only ten years older than him, is a master calligrapher and teaches her calligraphy. According to Ni Yiying, the son of Ni Renzhen, after Ni Renzhen's training and Ni Renji's own efforts, her calligraphy "has a round stroke and rhyme, which is equal to that of regular script. She is both sensitive and erudite, and can make her own opinions". ⑥

Of course, in this scholarly family, Ni Renji also received a systematic Confucian education since childhood, "by filial piety, Analects, four poems, two rites". However, the remote and simple village, the relatively open father, the friendly family and the encouraging education all make it possible for Ni Renji to get rid of the Confucian shackles of "a woman's talent is virtue" to a certain extent, let her nature develop freely and let her artistic cells germinate, thus laying an indispensable solid foundation for her life's creation.

In her "Ningxiang Pavilion poetry manuscript", she rarely left three poems recording the girl's life, which showed her extraordinary talent and innocence of "expressing sorrow for new poetry". Now the full text is copied below.

The flower Dynasty:

"There is no good condition for the spring, and the garden is beautiful and new. The bottom of the flower is poor, the last month is spent, and every year is spent with the flower watchers. "

"With Mrs. Fu you Hu Pao Xi Cheng":

"Beautiful dimple pile spring jade shoulder, Linfeng bamboo path walk lightly. Turn around and shine on the head of the pool. A new Lotus appears on the water

Farewell to the boat

"It's hard to dream in the remote spring river, and it's easy to worry in the misty willows. Recalling the laughter of Xiling, it leads to the return of the boat full of hatred.".

Because of this, Ni Renji always recalled his hometown and girl's life all his life, and seized endless artistic inspiration from it.

A happy and unfortunate marriage

When Ni Renji was 14 years old, her biological mother died. Ni Shangzhong then provoked the father and the mother two heavy burdens. Ni Renji once recalled: "when he was 14 years old, unfortunately he lost his first son, so his father was also his mother." ⑧ The enlightened father, in order to fulfill the responsibility of both father and mother, adopted the extremely rare standard of "choosing son-in-law by literature" under the conditions at that time. The true record of Ni's genealogy leaves a precious record of "taking Lang from literature", and there are also vivid stories in Dayuan village folklore, but the feudal Jiaqing version of Yiwu county annals deleted this.

The result of the choice is

Chinese PinYin : Ni Ren Ji