Liu Anshi

Liu Anshi

Liu Anshi (1048-1125) was named Yuancheng and Duyi old man. He is from Daming Prefecture. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, he was a minister.

In the sixth year of Xining (1073), Liu an Shideng became the first scholar. Learn from Sima Guang. Later, recommended by Sima Guang and LV Gong, he was promoted to youzhengyan. Tired official left admonishes the doctor, enters privy all to accept the decree. He was famous for his direct admonition and was called "the tiger on the palace" by the time. When Zhang Dun came to power, he was demoted to Yingzhou and Meizhou for resettlement. Huizong of the Song Dynasty was pardoned and learned about Heng, Ding, Yunzhou and Dingding. After Cai Jing became prime minister, he was relegated to xiazhou for custody.

In 1125, Liu Anshi died in 1988. Chunxi eight years (1181), song Xiaozong Shi granted "Zhongding.". It has been handed down from generation to generation.

Life of the characters

Liu Anshi's father, Liu Hang, was a Jinshi Ji. He successively served as magistrate of Yucheng and Xipu County, and eventually served as a eunuch.

When Liu Anshi was a child, he had a lot of insight. When Liu Hang was the pastoral Commissioner of Henan Province, Wen Yanbo was in the Privy Council. He often called Liu Anshi to report. Liu Anshi calmly said: "Wang Jiefu (Wang Anshi) asked to go to the position. The outside world thought that you would take his place." Wen Yanbo said: "Wang Anshi ruined the world. As for this, how can the successors make a difference?" Liu Anshi arched his hand and said: "although Anshi is a younger generation, he thinks it is not so serious in private. Does the new deal really conform to people's wishes and seek profits for others? If not, you should get rid of the harm and promote the benefit. It's just a matter of a moment Wen Yanbo didn't answer. Later he met Liu Hang and praised Liu Anshi for his strength and integrity.

In the sixth year of Xining reign of emperor Shenzong of Song Dynasty (1073), Liu Anshi became a scholar, but he did not choose. Following Sima Guang's learning and consulting, Sima Guang taught him to be honest and never to speak disorderly. He was transferred to Mingzhou to join the army. Mingzhou Si Hu was famous for corruption. Wu Shouli, the transit envoy, planned to inspect him and asked Liu Anshi. Liu Anshi said, "don't do this." Wu Shouli stopped. However, Liu Anshi often felt uneasy and said, "Si Hu is really corrupt, but I don't deal with it honestly. I'm not against the teachings of Sima Gong!" Later, after reading Yang Xiong's FA Yan, "a gentleman who avoids obstacles will understand all the principles", his mind was untied.

In the first year of Yuanyou (1086), after Sima Guang became prime minister, he recommended Liu Anshi as the secretary. In the same year, when Sima Guang died, the Empress Dowager xuanren asked Lu Gong who could be admonished. Lu Gong responded with Liu Anshi and was promoted to the right. At that time, the ruling ministers gave more official positions to their relatives. Liu Anshi said: "since the ancestors, the sons of Ministers dare not accept the important positions of dignitaries inside and outside the imperial court. Since Wang Anshi took charge of the government, he devoted himself to satisfying his own interests, and the system has disappeared. In the imperial court, they are still accustomed to the old style. " Therefore, the seven people under Chen wenyanbo were all senior officials with moral knowledge, and many of their children and relatives got their official positions by virtue of their power.

Zhang Dun was fined for forcibly buying Kunshan civilian land. Liu Anshi said: "Zhang Dun, Cai que, Huang Lu and Xing Shu have always interacted with each other. They think that they are officials of the state. They are greedy of heaven. Fortunately, they will be favored by the emperor in the future. People all over the world refer to them as" four evils. ". Zhang Dun's father was still alive, but he set up a separate register to seek wealth and destroy justice. He only followed the principle of lenient punishment. How can he express punishment? " When Wu chuhou explained Cai Que's Anzhou poem, Liu Anshi thought that Cai que denounced zhe Zong and violated the doctrine of great disrespect. He discussed it with Liang Tao and others and demoted Cai que to Xinzhou. From Prime Minister fan Chunren down to ten censors, they all went to the throne.

Liu Anshi was promoted to living room and Zuo Sijian, and became a doctor of Zuo Jianyi. At that time, there was an order to temporarily remove the banquet, and the people liked to ask for a nanny in the palace. Liu anshishu remonstrated, "Your Majesty is in his prime, and he didn't take the queen and get close to the girl. It is hoped that the Empress Dowager will protect the body of the Holy One and plan for the important affairs of the ancestral temple and the country. In her spare time, she should visit the imperial Sutra curtain more often, and still quote the gist of confidant ministers and the theory of pre ancient chaos, so as to broaden the holy school. Don't indulge in what you love but forget that it can be used as a warning. " Zhe Zong bowed his head and did not speak. The Empress Dowager said, "there is no such thing. You just listen to it by mistake." The next day, the Empress Dowager left LV Dafang to report the reason. After LV Dafang retreated, he summoned an envoy to fan Zuyu to convey his will. Fan Zuyu used to admonish him, but Liu Anshi and fan Zuyu jointly declared that they were very sincere.

Deng Wenbo was appointed to the Imperial Academy. Liu Anshi said that he had been in and out of Wang Anshi's and LV Huiqing's party repeatedly. It's really related to the key to the weakening and growth of the power of gentlemen and villains. Please remove him and demote him. " There was no reply. Liu Anshi asked for an outside appointment, changed to Zhongshu Sheren, and resigned. As a writer of Jixian hall, he promoted Chongfu palace. Just six months later, he was summoned to serve as the official of Baowen Pavilion and the Privy officer.

After fan Chunren returns to phase, Lu Dafan tells the emperor that he wants Liu Anshi to avoid suspicion. Empress Dowager Gao said, "if Liu Anshi doesn't live in the position of a speech official, there is no need to avoid suspicion." He told Han Zhongyan, "such an upright person should stay in the imperial court." Then stop. When LV Huiqing was reinstated as guangluqing and assigned to the accompanying capital to perform his duties, Liu Anshi argued that it was not possible and did not accept it. He did not know how to become a German army. Zhang Dun, who was in power, especially hated Liu Anshi, began to demote him to Nan'an army, then to Shaofu Shaojian, and finally to Xinzhou Biejia, where he lived.

With the rise of tongwenguan prison, Cai Jing asked to kill Liu Anshi and other families. Although the slander was not carried out, Liu Anshi was moved to Meizhou. Zhang Dun and Cai Bian must put him to death. Because the emissary went to Hainan Island to kill Chen Yan, he hinted that the emissary had visited Liu Anshi and forced him to commit suicide. He only promoted Shi Hao to be a transit judge and asked him to kill Liu Anshi. The judge was about to arrive at Meizhou on horseback. The Minister of Meizhou sent guests to persuade Liu Anshi to think of his own way. Liu Anshi did not change his face, drinking and laughing with his guests. He slowly wrote a few pages of letters to his servant and said, "if I die, do as the letter says." Turn back to the guest and say, "it's not hard to die." The guest secretly saw from the servant that the letter was all about arranging the family affairs of the person who was demoted to death. It was very considerate. The judge didn't walk 20 Li, and died of hematemesis, which saved him from danger.

Empress zhaohuai was in the middle palace. Zhang Dun and Cai Bian denounced Liu Anshi's admonishment to the nanny, believing that it was aimed at the empress. At that time, Zou Hao had been denounced and ordered Ying Tianfu's young Yin Sun Yi to take Liu Anshi and Zou Hao to the capital with a guard car. After walking a few post stations, Huizong, the emperor's amnesty, arrived, and sun returned. Liu Anshi had been exiled to a remote place for seven years, but he had never experienced the remote and filthy place recorded in Jialing. He immigrated to Hengzhou and Dingzhou, then knew Yunzhou and Zhending Fu as Jixian Dian Xiuzhuan. Zeng Bu hated him and refused to let him enter the court. As the prime minister, Cai Jing relegated Liu Anshi to xiazhou for seven times. A little later, he became a hermit in the city of Songzhou.

In the sixth year of Xuanhe (1124), Liu Anshi was restored to his official post, but Shen Si, the official of Zhongshu, refused to carry out the order.

In 1125, Liu Anshi died at the age of 78.

In 1180, Liu Anshi's descendants applied for his posthumous title to the imperial court. Song Xiaozong said to Zai Zhi, "in Yuanyou's party membership, I almost forget this man." Zhao Xiong, the prime minister, said: "Su Shi is the leader of the" subordinate officials "listed in the party membership, and Liu Anshi is the second. His quotations are still circulating in the world. " In December of the next year, Emperor Xiaozong gave Liu Anshi the posthumous title of "Zhongding".

Literary achievements

Liu Anshi's memorials are just and upright, which makes people feel deeply when reading them. Wang Zi, a Song Dynasty scholar, commented: "the review of Suwa's memorials is well founded, strict and forgiving, simple but not harsh, calm and firm, and the emperor's words of benevolence and righteousness are the model of officials, the guide of assistant officials, and the medicine stone of the officials" (excerpts of the manuscript). Fei Gong also praised his "Guo que Xie Biao" for its skillful use of words and its awe inspiring integrity (Volume 3 of Liang Xi man Zhi).

His poems are rare in the world, and most of them are just like his prose. They are eloquent and lively, such as the poem "never forget to be full when you are dying" in August 14, Shuangbai, "comrades are always in charge of Bao, and the breeze is as strong as Yi Qi", and "pumanzi" is "seeking more than one's heart is hard to be full, and only when you break it can you know that the tools are easy to be filled". He is the author of twenty volumes of Yuan Cheng Ji (Wang Zhi's Anthology of words). In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were 13 volumes of Jin Yan Ji engraved by Chunxi, and then it became the final edition. There are now Longqing edition of Ming Dynasty, Sikuquanshu edition and Jifu series edition. Four of his poems are recorded in volume 1052 of Quan Song Shi. There are thirteen volumes in the whole Song Dynasty.

Liu Anshi, Su Shi and Su Zhe brothers are good friends. They often meet in prose and sing in poetry. Liu Anshi wrote Su Zhe's epitaph.

Because Liu Anshi studied with sincerity, treated people with sincerity, and dealt with the world with sincerity. He followed Shao Yong, Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao and other sages in his studies and enriched later generations. In memory of Liu Anshi, Wei county has built a martyr's temple and a Sicheng Academy in its history. According to the new version of Wei county annals, Sicheng Academy was built in 1566 by Li, the magistrate of Wei County in Ming Dynasty. When Qu Longzhen was the magistrate of Wei County, Sicheng Academy was rebuilt. At present, both Zhonglie temple and Sicheng academy no longer exist.

In addition, the National Museum of China has a collection of "lyre made by Liu Anshi". Tung trees are painted with black paint and red paint. The head is wide and the tail is narrow. There is an arched head mountain at the head end. There are seven holes through the seven strings and seven string buttons. The seven strings are folded to the back of the Qin and tied to two symmetrical Monas. There are two rectangular sound holes (called dragon pool) in the belly of the back of the Qin.

In the heart of the Qin, the seal characters "Liu An Shi Zao", "Mao Zhong Weng Xiu" and "Zhou Lu Feng re Xiu" are engraved. Ventral incisions

Chinese PinYin : Liu An Shi