Liu Chenweng

Liu Chenweng

Liu Chenweng (1232-1297), the word will be Meng, alias XuXi. He also called himself Xu Xi Ju Shi, Xu Xi Nong and Xiao Nai, and his descendants called him Mr. Xu Xi. Luling Guanxi (now Xiaoguan village, Meitang Township, Ji'an County, Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province) people. He was a patriotic poet in the late Southern Song Dynasty.

JINGDING three years (1262), ascended Jinshi. Because of his disagreement with Jia Sidao, the powerful minister, he asked his mother to be the mountain chief of Lianxi Academy. Later, Jiang Wanli was invited to Fujian transport department and appease department. Du Zong Xianchun first year (1265), as a professor of Lin'an Prefecture, later into Jiangdong transport division. In the fifth year of Xianchun (1270), he served in the provincial cabinet of Zhongshu, but his mother was worried and resigned. He was dissatisfied with the authoritarian Jia Sidao. After the death of the Song Dynasty, Liu Chenweng was determined not to be an official, returned to his hometown to live in seclusion, and buried himself in writing books. In 1297, he died at the age of 66.

He devoted all his life to literary creation and literary criticism, leaving a rich and valuable cultural heritage for later generations. The style is Su Xin and self-contained. It is bold and uninhibited without ornament. It is sincere and moving, and it is full of strength. The number of Ci is the third in the Song Dynasty, after Xin Qiji and Su Shi. Representative works such as "King Lanling, seeing Bingzi off in spring" and "yongyule, biyuechuqing"

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Liu Jiangsun compiled his works as the complete works of Mr. XuXi, and Yi Wen Zhi, a history of Song Dynasty, is one hundred volumes, which has been lost.

(for an overview, see the portrait of Liu XuXi and his son and the portrait of Liu XuXi and his son in Luling < / I > < I >) < / I >

Life of the characters

Early experience

Liu Chenweng was born in Luling (now Xiaoguan village, Meitang Township, Ji'an County, Jiangxi Province) on December 24, 1232, the fifth year of shaoding reign of emperor LiZong of the Song Dynasty. He lost his father when he was young. In the second year of Jiaxi reign of emperor LiZong of Song Dynasty (1238), he was educated by Zeng Ziyuan, Zhu Bi and Lu Xiangshan.

In the first year of Chunyou (1241), Jiang Wanli was appointed governor of Jizhou. He built Bailuzhou academy and hired Ouyang to teach. Liu Chenweng followed him. Wen Tianxiang and Wang Mengying came out of his family. Liu Chenweng also studied poetry at Wang Tailai.

In 1245, Liu Chenweng took part in the children's examination in Ji'an County.

In the sixth year of Baoyou (1258), Wang Shoupeng and Zeng Yinglong from Luling took part in the provincial examination and won the Jieyuan prize. At that time, Ding Daquan was the prime minister in the court, and he had the exclusive power to form a party. Liu Chenweng took the strategy of "being strict with gentlemen, villains and friends". The court thought that he was suspected of defamation and was not hired. The next year, Ding Daquan dismissed his prime minister, and Liu Chenweng resumed his qualification as a student of tribute.

In 1260, Liu Chenweng arrived in Lin'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province). He was appreciated by Jiang Wanli, the Imperial College's sacrificial wine supplier, and was recruited as a student of the Imperial College. Jiang Wanli praised his works, and since then, there have been frequent exchanges between teachers and students. During the period of Jiang Wanli's official career, Liu Chenweng was invited under the curtain or recommended several times.

In December 1261, Jiang Wanli, who was appointed to the Privy Council not long ago, dismissed from office and returned to his hometown of Duchang (now Duchang County, Jiangxi Province). At the end of the year, Liu Chenweng went to visit Jiang Wanli, who lived at home.

Official ups and downs

In 1262, Liu Chenweng went to Lin'an to take part in the Jinshi examination. Liu Chenweng said that Zhongliang could be framed, but his integrity could not be shaken. Liu Chenweng was regarded as a Jinshi C by his family members of Song Dynasty. Since then, he has left a reputation of honesty. Later, because of his old relatives, he was invited to be the head of Lianxi Academy in Ganzhou. Luo Lutai and other famous people came from his family. In the same year, I once again visited the idle Jiang Wanli.

In the spring of the fifth year of JINGDING (1264), Jiang Wanli knew Jianning Prefecture and served as Fujian transit envoy. Liu Chenweng joined his staff. In May, Jiang Wanli moved to Fuzhou and Fujian, where Liu Chenweng followed him to Fuzhou. In September, I made a congratulatory speech for the birthday of Mrs. Jia Sidao.

In the summer of 1265, the first year of emperor duzong's reign in Song Dynasty, Jiang Wanli came into power and brought Liu Chenweng into Beijing. After the autumn, Liu Chenweng became a professor in Lin'an Prefecture for about half a year until the next spring. His son, Liu Jiangsun, was with him. Dai Biaoyuan and he Xinzhi, who were admitted by him, became later celebrities.

In the spring of 1266, Jiang Wanli dismissed his prime minister. Liu Chenweng was impeached and returned to his hometown. When he returned to his hometown from office, Liu Chenweng passed through Hongzhou and visited Ziji palace.

Xianchun four years (1268) spring and summer at home. In the autumn, Jiang Wanli took up the post of Jiangdong transit envoy in Taiping Prefecture, and appointed Liu Chenweng as his staff.

In the spring of 1269, Jiang Wanli joined the government and recommended Liu Chenweng as the provincial cabinet of Zhongshu. Only one and a half months later, his mother died of illness and Liu Chenweng's mother worried about returning home. Liu Chenweng was the only official in the imperial court in his life.

The end of the world

In the summer of 1272, he returned to Luling from Lin'an and lived in Luling for several years.

In 1273, Jiang Wanli served as Hunan pacification ambassador. In the autumn of that year, Liu Chenweng visited his mentor in Changsha. At the end of the year, he learned that Yuanbing was going to cross the river, so he went to Jiangxi.

In February of 1275, the first year of emperor Gongyou of Song Dynasty, the army of Yuan Dynasty conquered Raozhou and retreated to Jiang Wanli, where he threw himself into the water to die for his country. In May, Prime Minister Chen Yizhong recommended to live in the Museum of history, but Chen Weng left. In October, he was awarded a doctor of Taixue. At that time, Yuanbing had already entered Lin'an, and the passage from Jiangxi to Lin'an was cut off. When Wen Tianxiang fought against Yuan Dynasty, Liu Chenweng took part in his Jiangxi shogunate for a short time. In December, he took refuge in Huxi, Jishui.

Duanzong Jingyan first year (1276), spring, Yuan soldiers break Lin'an. Liu Chenweng is still in Huxi. In late spring, Liu Chenweng left Huxi. Most of the time, he lived in Xuanhua Township, Luling county (now Luling County, Jiangxi Province). During this period, Liu Chenweng was also appointed as zhilinjiang army, but because Lin'an was broken, Liu Chenweng did not go to the post.

Life of adherents

In 1278, Liu Chenweng returned to Luling and stayed for a while. In the autumn of the same year, he ascended huagailing with two monks.

In 1279, the emperor of Song Dynasty jumped into the sea and died. In order to find Jiang Hao, the son of Jiang Wanli, Liu Chenweng buried Jiang Wanli from Luling to Duchang.

In 1780, Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty met Huang Chunfu in Pengze County. Then he returned to Luling. After hearing from Jiang Hao, he went back to Duchang to bury Jiang Wanli and named it Huihui nunnery. At the end of the year, he wrote back to the nunnery. After that, Liu Chen Weng returned home and devoted himself to writing. At the same time, he recruited disciples to teach what he had learned all his life.

On the 15th of the first month of the first year of Dade (1297), Emperor Chengzong of the Yuan Dynasty, Liu Chenweng died at the age of 66. The scholars of the four sides buried it outside the North Guo of Luling.

Literary achievements

overview

Liu Chenweng's poems, ci poems and articles are deeply reposed, generous and gloomy, which deeply reflects the style of the times and the living and psychological state of the adherents of the Southern Song Dynasty at the time of the song, yuan and Yi dynasties. They truly represent that special period of history in the form of literature, showing strong patriotic enthusiasm and nostalgia for the homeland. This is unique in the literary world of the late Song Dynasty, which is full of sadness and escapism. His poems are vivid and full of vicissitudes and thoughts of homeland. His ci inherited and developed the artistic tradition of the Xin school, and profoundly reflected the style of the times and the psychology of the adherents at the time of the song, yuan and Yi dynasties. His style of Ci is quite unique, with both the vigorous ups and downs of the bold and unconstrained school and the light and graceful of the graceful school. His prose extensively and deeply reflects the social, religious and cultural situation in the late Song Dynasty and the early Yuan Dynasty. The unfair mood of Quan CAI and his depressed mood make his prose become strange, open and confused in the ci poetry, and become his own family in the lengthy and procrastinating literary world of the Song Dynasty.

Words

Liu Chenweng's Ci is bold and unconstrained, which is deeply influenced by Su Dongpo and Xin Qiji. Chen Weng's Ci not only develops and innovates Su Xin's School of Ci, but also melts Su Xin's strong points, which makes the style of CI have su Xin's color, and does not become frivolous, forming its own unique style of emptiness and sparseness. Compared with Zhou Bangyan's school, Liu Chenweng's Ci was not for affectation, but for true feelings, which had a great influence on the creation of yuan and Ming Ci. This kind of style is very valuable in the middle ages of China.

Liu Chenweng wrote a lot during his lifetime, but his literary achievements are mainly reflected in his ci. When he was born in the song and Yuan Dynasties, he was angry that his treacherous officials had lost their country, and he was full of patriotic enthusiasm. Among the poets in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty, his patriotism and national emotions were most strongly reflected, and he was the successor of the patriotic tradition of Xin Qiji school. Zhang Mengjie was quoted as saying in the poem of the past dynasties: "Liu Chenweng wrote baodingxian in the first year of Dade (1297). It says: "the new year's eve of Dingyou", which is also the old man of Yixi In Liu Chenweng's Ci, all those belonging to shujiazi implied that he did not recognize the rule of the Yuan Dynasty, cherished current affairs and remembered his hometown.

His most valuable works are those patriotic words which are sentimental of current affairs. Before the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, some of his words strongly reflected the social reality at that time. For example, in February of Yihai, Jia Pingzhang went to Lugang, Taiping Prefecture, like a daodushi. He did not see the enemy, but broke down with the gong. In the second half of the month, I heard about the newspaper and wrote about it. This poem is a direct attack on the corrupt politics of the first year of Deyou (1275) when Jia Sidao lost his teacher and expressed his deep hatred for the treacherous officials' loss of the country. Although the state affairs were out of control, he still had the ambition to serve the country and kill the enemy, such as "niannujiao · my year is like this" wrote: "my year is like this, and in my dream, I still live as a wolf

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