Liu Guangdi

Liu Guangdi

Liu Guangdi (1859-september 28, 1898), a Han nationality, was born in Zhaohua Town, Fushun County, Zigong City, Sichuan Province. He was a reformist politician, an important figure in the reform movement of 1898, one of the Six Gentlemen of 1898, and a famous patriotic poet of the reformers in the late Qing Dynasty. Guangxu nine years (1883) in the guiweike palace examination, the 88th Jinshi, the alternate principal of the Ministry of punishment.

During his term as a Beijing official, he lived in poverty, but he was clean and self disciplined. He is dedicated, diligent and prudent, and has made great achievements. In his spare time, he studies behind closed doors. Although he has a good official voice and is not hindered by his promotion, he often worries about his country's difficulties and is short of sleep and food. To think about the strategy of saving the country and the people, we must reform the bad policies, promote new learning and implement new policies.

On September 5, the 23rd year of Guangxu (1898), Guangxu issued an imperial edict to reward him, Tan Sitong, Yang Rui and Lin Xu as four grade ministers, walking on the military aircraft Zhangjing and participating in the new deal. After the coup, sizhangjing, Kang Guangren and Yang Shenxiu were arrested. They were killed in Caishikou on September 28 (August 13 of the old calendar). They are known as "the Six Gentlemen of 1898".

He was first buried in Luohan temple, Zhaohua Town, Fushun County, Sichuan Province, and then moved to Wufu mountain beside the West Lake in Fushun County.

Life of the characters

Early career

When Liu Guangdi was a child, his father died and his family was poor. His mother, Wang family, was in great difficulty and gave his son away to study. Although her family was so poor that she could only buy three Wen bean dregs for cooking every day, she was still very strict with Liu Guangdi's supervisor. Liu Guangdi was also angry with him for his study. When he came home in the third shift, the crowing of chickens began. In 1880, at the age of 21, Liu Guangdi took part in the county examination and became the first person in the boy's examination. With the appreciation and help of county magistrate Chen Xilin, he was able to continue to study and study in Chengdu Jinjiang Academy. He was a 23-year-old Zhongju and a 24-year-old Jinshi. He was given the charge of Guangxi Department of the Ministry of criminal justice.

Liu Guangdi has served in the Ministry of punishment for more than ten years. Here, he renovated an abandoned garden and several old houses outside the south west gate of Beijing as an apartment. There is a beautiful scenery. There is a beautiful spring under the willows outside. The spring water is as clear as a pearl, and bees and butterflies come here. The environment is very quiet. During his first residence, Liu Guang didn't associate with dignitaries and entertainers except for his routine work. He often studied behind closed doors and buried himself in his works. After more than ten years in the Ministry of punishment, few people in Beijing know him. At that time, it was common for the Ministry of punishment to accept bribes, but Liu Guangdi never accepted them, and he was very cautious and meticulous. Once, because of a bribery case, the criminal Department wanted him to "bend the law" and was refused, so he offended his boss and lost the chance of promotion. This made Liu Guangdi see clearly the decadence of the government.

Force push reform

In February 1898, the reform movement represented by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao gradually reached its climax after more than two years of brewing. Kang Youwei initiated the "National Defense Association" with the purpose of saving the nation from subjugation and striving for survival. Liu Guangdi, together with his friend Yang Rui, gladly attended the meeting. On April 13 (June 11), Emperor Guangxu, under the promotion of the reformers, issued an imperial edict "mingdingguoshi", ordering Kang Youwei to counsellor the new deal and began the reform. In July, Chen Baozhen, the governor of Hunan Province, recommended Liu Guangdi to Emperor Guangxu with "great insight and integrity". When summoned, Liu Guangdi told Emperor Guangxu that "the country is in danger, and the accumulated disadvantages of China and foreign countries, not to correct the redundant, no way to rule", which was appreciated by Emperor Guangxu. The next day, Emperor Guangxu granted Liu Guang the title of the fourth Minister of military affairs, and Zhang Jing, together with Tan Sitong, Yang Rui, and Lin Xu, was called the "fourth Minister of military affairs". He took part in the reform and took over the power of receiving admonitions from the imperial court.

At that time, the military aircraft Department actually became the general staff of the reform and reform. At that time, Emperor Guangxu was eager to reform and issued an imperial edict to ask for advice. As a result, hundreds of recitals are played every day. Liu Guangdi and Tan Sitong were on duty in the same class. They read the playing essays all day long and worked out the handling suggestions for Emperor Guangxu to decide. With the help of the reformers, Emperor Guangxu promulgated a series of imperial edicts concerning politics, economy, military and education, such as "dismissing officials, eliminating redundancy, saving money, training troops, changing the imperial examination, and lifting the ban on eight banners", so as to "eliminate the abuses" and "boost the people's hearts".

Unable to return to heaven

The reform violated the interests of the diehards headed by Empress Dowager Cixi, and the internal struggle of the court intensified. Liu Guangdi witnessed the situation of "a ghost's hand hanging on the national pulse", and felt deeply the seriousness of "Pro noble holding power, mother controlling time". On the one hand, he hated the conservative forces headed by Cixi, wanted to get rid of the "tiger in charge" and hoped that the reform would succeed as soon as possible; on the other hand, he wanted to keep clean in the fierce political whirlpool. In his letter to his younger brother, he once talked about his difficulties in the imperial court, which was contending for power and profit, because he was honest and didn't accept bribes such as "tanbie", which were popular in officialdom. He said that military aircraft Department officials can share 500 taels of silver every year (greedy people are far more than that), but he was unwilling to share a cent. In previous years, the amount of compensation was still small, and now he "has to pay 500 taels of silver every year.". When he was celebrating the birthday of the leader of the military aircraft department, his colleagues went to congratulate him, but he did not. He has long had the intention to "stop and go back to his hometown", but he has no money. However, "now the emperor is making great efforts to change Baidu", there is still a glimmer of hope for the reform, and he is believed, so he is "eager to go".

On July 26 (September 11), the Hunan Conservative Party Zeng Lian wrote a letter to Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao asking them to be killed. Emperor Guangxu and Tan Sitong refuted it according to the article. Tan Sitong said that he would like to "protect Kang and Liang Zhizhong with a hundred people. If Zeng Lian's words are true, please be punished first.". When Liu Guangdi saw him, he came forward and wrote "Chen Guangdi, please be punished first" after Tan Sitong's refutation. Liang Qichao talked about this matter later. He said, "Pei Village is in the capital, and thanks guests behind closed doors. Mr. Nanhai, on the other hand, did not give a direct answer, but he had a good understanding of the Security Council. In the case of Zeng Lian, Pei Village saved him by death. Woo hoo, what an ancient man! What an ancient man

go to one 's death like a hero

In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1898), on the sixth day of August (September 21), because of Yuan Shikai's betrayal, Empress Dowager Cixi took a sudden attack, put Emperor Guangxu under house arrest, issued an imperial edict in the name of the emperor, and began to hunt down and massacre the reformers. Three days later, Liu Guangdi was arrested and jailed at the military aircraft department. He firmly believes that his cause is just and he looks like a man. The next day, Sichuan officials in Beijing called for the release of Liu Guangdi, Yang Rui and others. Due to the absence of prison words, the criminal prison is in a panic when it wants to be tried.

On August 13 (September 28), without trial, Cixi ordered her to be executed immediately. Liu Guangdi made a strong protest: "what's the point of killing without hearing?" On the way to the execution ground, he sighed and said, "I am dead, and I am exhausted!" At the time of his execution, he once again asked: "although the patriarchal bandits cry for injustice at the time of execution, they should be heard again. If we do not cherish it, what is the national system? What is the ancestral system The beheader is speechless. The gentle Liu Guangdi appears extremely tenacious and firm at the last moment of his life. The executioner forced him to kneel down; he stood up and did not follow, "with a calm air.". After being punished, his head was cut off and his body was still standing upright. All the onlookers were thrilled, and some even took out incense paper candles to evoke his soul.

After Liu Guangdi's death, villagers put his coffin in Lianhua nunnery. Hundreds of people from other provinces came to mourn, and more people from the capital. It is said that "Liu Jun will not die". Seeing that his family is very poor, they donate money and gifts one after another. Among them, an unknown mourner left a hundred taels of silver and left secretly.

Literary achievements

Liu Guangdi loved literature since he was a child, and wrote zhongshengzhai anthology and zhongshengzhai poetry anthology. "Zhongshengzhai" is the name of Liu Guangdi. After being supplemented by later generations, it contains 54 essays and 260 poems, including family biographies, epitaphs, travel notes and miscellaneous feelings. It is said that Liu Guangdi often "accumulated manuscripts more than a foot thick", and he also said that "new poems are full of bamboo trees, but he is not willing to pass them on to others", which shows that many of his works have been lost.

Liu Guangdi likes reading Du Fu's and Han Yu's poems best, and is also good at composing poems. His style is between Han and Du, and his themes are mainly chanting natural scenery and feeling current affairs. He loves his hometown. Jindu, Youlin, Gusong, sige in Bashu, as well as dragonflies, squirrels and myna that grew up there, all became the objects of his singing. He left more than 40 poems describing Mount Emei, which is known as the most beautiful mountain in the world. Among them, the highest peak of Emei wrote: "the white dragon walks on the ground with light thunder, ten thousand tiles are like frost, and the sun is shining. Poetry guest days for show bone, God monk buried knot true fetus. SANQIN Bird Road clothing edge, six Zhao man cloud staff bottom. North and south wind and smoke, snow mountain west is Yaotai He roamed many places, in his eyes, the magnificent mountains and rivers is the embodiment of the motherland, and the motherland rivers and mountains, make him excited everywhere. Faced with the great rivers and mountains being ravaged by imperialist aggression, his heart was crying. He wrote in his poem "the first time when Lord Bao Chun Ting was in power" that "the general star was Geng Geng, Zhong kuiyue, and the current situation was difficult. Where is the minister's sadness? There's a lot of smoke outside Yuanmingyuan. " His poems such as mengzhongfan and Yifen not only expose the aggressive nature of the foreign reactionaries mercilessly, but also curse the domestic reactionary forces which lead to the humiliation of the motherland, which are full of his patriotic heart.

Rigorous scholarship

Liu Guangdi's scholarship is rigorous and "mellow and serious". For literature Changli, the reasoning is thorough, "Qi and bone are hot", and the writing style is concise and sharp. He also learned calligraphy from Yan Zhenqing, and was good at calligraphy.

Anecdotes of characters

When Liu Guangdi's coffin was transported back to Sichuan and the ship passed the Three Gorges, the people along the river sent each other off in groups, and the docks set up incense and offerings one after another to offer sacrifices along the river. The coastal trackers help to pull the boat automatically, sometimes more than 200

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