Liu Lingxian

Liu Lingxian

Liu Lingxian (around A.D. 525), a poetess of the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty. Liu xiaochuo's three younger sisters are Xu's wife. Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu) people, known as Liu Sanniang. The biography of Liu xiaochuo contains her deeds. Most of Liu Lingxian's poems are about boudoir grievances, and the most famous one is "a reply to foreign poems", which is a gift to her husband Xu Qinzhi. In the poem, the scenery is used to set off the feeling of Acacia, which is quite vivid.

Life of the characters

Liu Lingxian (around A.D. 525), whose name is unknown, was born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province). Liang poetess of the Southern Dynasty was born in the family of officials. Sima of the Qi Dynasty was the daughter of Liu Hua, the third sister of Liu xiaochuo, a writer. She is known as "Liu Sanniang" in the world. Around 525 AD, she was the wife of Xu Min in Donghai. In A.D. 525, Xu Min died of illness. Liu Lingxian wrote a poem of offering sacrifices to her husband, which was sad and left a beautiful talk of "stopping the writing of famous scholars". This article is published in the collection of Arts and culture. The biography of Liu xiaochuo contains her deeds.

Main achievements

Literary theme

Most of Liu Lingxian's poems are about boudoir grievances, and the most famous one is "a reply to foreign poems", which is a gift to her husband Xu Qinzhi. In the poem, the scenery is used to set off the feeling of Acacia, which is quite vivid. Such as "sunset update makeup, open the curtain on the spring tree.". Singing Oriole leaves in the dance, play butterfly flowers between the duck. The first one is "the goddess of the moon at night, the princess of Luo in the morning". He also looks at the color in the mirror, and looks more beautiful than he looks. "(2) writing about women's psychological state is very vivid.

"The wind blows peach and plum, and the sound of spring birds is heard. It is also very vivid to write about her missing for her husband. Liu Lingxian's "Ode to husband" was written after Xu Min's death. The meaning of the words is sad and pitiful, which is quite praised by people. There are some sentences in the article, such as "if there is no time to see, how can I redeem my life?" "if there is no time to see, how can I redeem my life?" and "if there is no time to see, how many springs and acupoints are the same" and so on.

Characteristics of poetry

Influenced by the folk songs of the Southern Dynasties, Liu Lingxian's love poems are quite bold, fresh in language and flowing in style, such as guangzhai Temple (except for mourning husband). The book of Liang is called "Qingba".

When Wang Shizhen, a scholar of Qing Dynasty, talked about Liu Lingxian's poems in his talk in chibei, he made a fuss and exclaimed: "as Gao Zhongwu said, the form and quality are both female, and the meaning of the words are also fluctuating. It's a pity to have this woman This is obviously the prejudice of feudalism.

Character evaluation

Liu Lingxian, a poetess, is famous for her "pink poems", which is in line with the literary fashion of Qi and Liang dynasties. At that time, from the emperors and nobles to the common people, they all loved art. Anyone who wants to know how to be vulgar and elegant can be promoted and become rich. Cultural people mean people from the imperial court, while writing and writing means having the capital to enter the officialdom. Even Zhong Rong, a poetry critic, had to accept it. In his preface to the book of songs, he described the literary atmosphere of that time as follows: "even if the children were full, they would not be ashamed of writing, they would be embellished all the time, and they would moan all the time." Under such a social background, Liu Lingxian, as an official's wife, certainly has to keep pace with the times. Her "guangzhai Temple" came into being: "the long corridor is a pleasure to see, the wide hall is a pleasure to flatter. When there is no voice in the room. " Anyone who has read this poem will have the following ambiguous picture in his mind: at dusk, a charming intellectual woman comes to guangzhai temple to burn incense and worship Buddha. Deep in the corridor, a handsome young monk winked at him. The woman was so excited that she followed him to the Buddhist temple

Such a playful poem, written by a married woman, inevitably makes good people think. Chinese readers (whether ancient or modern) mostly keep the habit of reading and guessing. Seeing the "out of line" behavior in the works naturally reminds us of the author's character. This is the truth of love. In the novel, a little more senior readers know that the plot is mostly fictional and exaggerated, is processed by art, and has little to do with the author himself. In poetry, if readers find traces of "laissez faire", they will automatically identify the author's style as problematic. Gao Zhongwu of Tang Dynasty is the representative of readers in this field. After reading this "yellow poem", he was greatly annoyed and said sarcastically: "the form and quality are both female, and the meaning of the word is also fluctuating." That is to say, if a poem is so vulgar, he must be dissolute. Wang Shizhen of the Qing Dynasty, on the other hand, appeared to be very elegant. He commented from the side: "it's unfortunate to have such a talented woman by encouraging famous officials and cherishing famous people." It means that the Xu family's father and son (Xu Mian is Liu Lingxian's father-in-law, Xu Min is Liu Lingxian's husband) are all literary celebrities. How can they recruit such women into the family? I really don't know whether I should sympathize or be sad?

This song "guangzhai Temple" came out and immediately became popular in the imperial palace. Those aristocrats who lived in the imperial palace had long been tired of reading fictitious and metaphysical literary works, and their pursuit of civilian life reached the stage of hunger. When they first read this folk "popular literature" in which noble women bravely pursue handsome monks, they were very curious and partial. So they circulated to each other, and often gathered in secret for in-depth discussion and exchange. This underground way of literary communication has become a fashion. In the upsurge of enthusiastic readers, Liu Lingxian became famous with a "pink poem". The poem was rated as the best poem of the year, and included in the poetry collection of Yutai Xinyong at that time. The second "pink poem" written by Liu Lingxian is even more shocking. This poem is called the first "gay poem" by good people in history. In this poem, Liu Lingxian wrote: "although the two leaves are given as gifts, their friendship will never end. Where to hate is the most important thing for gardenia. " This poem was presented by Liu Lingxian to a woman named Xie Niang. Literally, "Gardenia" in the poem refers to lovers in the folk songs of the Southern Dynasties, which is a love poem written to lovers. But later poetry researchers believe that it is one-sided to say that Liu Lingxian and Xie Niang have an ambiguous same-sex relationship only by virtue of "Gardenia". As mentioned at the beginning of the article, Liu Lingxian lived in the period of Qi and Liang in the Southern Dynasty, with open mind and free style of writing. What literati wrote and how they wrote, the imperial court turned a blind eye. If the same-sex "intimate" address or "extreme" tone appears in the poems, it may be just an illusion in the author's mind, metaphysically called "the realm of self", or it was popular at that time. As a new force in the literary world at that time, Liu Lingxian had many "bosom friends". In the works of contemporary poets Xie Huilian, Shen Yue and Yu Xin, homosexuality is involved in different degrees. Therefore, it can be inferred that the mutual writing among the literati directly led to the broad-minded and absurd trend of the Southern Dynasty. This kind of subject matter is not Liu Lingxian's "original creation", let alone that the author is gay.

Anecdotes and allusions

Poetry and harmony

According to historical records, Xu's husband was away from home, and the couple sent poems and answers with sincere feelings. Xu Qing has a poem "give inside" which is written like this: Thinking of the green sun at dusk, sneaking out of the pepper room. The netting insects live in brocade, and the dust covers the jade bed. There is no pitiful shadow, and there is a fragrance in my spare time. Peter was so happy that he sat in the hall with a harp in his arms. Do you forget those who are away from you. Because of one letter, we can replace the nine intestines. "

Liu xiaochuo's brother and his nephews were 70 people at that time, all of whom could write articles. Liu xiaochuo had three younger sisters. The first sister married Wang Shuying, a native of Langya, and was known as Aunt Liu. At that time, there was also a collection of essays, which was as famous as Liu Lingxian. The second sister married Zhang Sheng, a native of Wujun. There are only three poems written by Wang Shuying's wife, which can't be verified. Liu's three sisters all have talent and learning, and make Xian Wen especially clear. There is an anecdote in the collection of famous women's Poems: Xiao Chuo was unable to leave office. He wrote the title of the poem at the door and said, "close the door and celebrate. Lie high and thank Gongqing." Lingxian continued: "the fallen flowers are still swept together, and the cymbidium is picked and revived.".

Mourning for husband

"I was the death of Jin'an county and returned to the capital; Lingxian was a sacrificial inscription entitled" mourning husband ", which was very sad. My uncle Mian wanted to write for me. Seeing Ling Xian's writing, he stopped writing. " Her article is published in the collection of Arts and culture.

Relative members

Liu Lingxian's husband, Xu Min, is devoted to his work. He is the son of Xu Mian, a servant. He is away from work. The couple send poems and answers with sincere feelings. Xu Qing has a poem "give inside" which is written like this: Thinking of the green sun at dusk, sneaking out of the pepper room. The netting insects live in brocade, and the dust covers the jade bed. There is no pitiful shadow, and there is a fragrance in my spare time. Peter was so happy that he sat in the hall with a harp in his arms. Do you forget those who are away from you. Because of one letter, we can replace the nine intestines. " There are two poems in Ling Xian's answer to the outside, the first of which is also entitled "spring boudoir resentment".

Liu Lingxian's brother is Liu xiaochuo.

personal works

Representative works

Liu Lingxian's work "Tangshu · jingjizhi" has six volumes of collected works (Liu's collection), while "suishu · jingjizhi" has three volumes (which was handed down from the two Tangshu Zhi), all of which have been lost.

There are eight poems of Liu Lingxian, all of which can be found in Yutai Xinyong, including two of her poems "answering to the outside", "answering to tangniang's needling on Qixi", "listening to a hundred tongues", "guangzhai Temple", "presenting people with sweet and burnt leaves" and "picking Tongxin Gardenia to present Xie Niang with this poem". Today, Hu Qinli compiled poems of pre Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Nan and Bei dynasties; one article, see collection of Arts and culture; Yan Kejun compiled essays of three dynasties, Qin, Han, Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties in ancient times. Among them, the most famous is "answer the poem" 2, one of which is also entitled "spring boudoir.".

Selected Poems

The title of ganjiaoye to show people

The night cry is no longer true, the dream cry is too true. Only that night pillow know, pass this nobody to feel.

"Pick Tongxin gardenia and present it to Xie Niang because of this poem"

Although the two leaves are given as gifts, their friendship will never end. Where to hate, gardenia most people.

Guangzhai Temple

Chinese PinYin : Liu Ling Xian