Sheng Du
Sheng Du
Sheng du (968-1041), with the name Gongliang, was born in shidongqi (now Dongdian town), Tongling, Anhui Province. He lived in yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan Province). He was a famous politician, militarist and diplomat. Song Taizong Duangong two years (989) < I > (county annals said Zhenzong Xiangfu seven years (1014)) < / I > Jinshi, Buji yinwei. Li official examination Academy of history, Qian Shangshu, tuntian yuanwailang. During the reign of emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty (1023-1032), he became a scholar in the Imperial Academy and wrote in the Museum of history. In 1035, he visited the government. He moved to the Privy Council and exercised the power of prime minister. After several ups and downs, the crown prince became an official. His death was presented to the crown prince, Taibao, and his posthumous title was Wensu.
Khitan koubian, from the lucky name, the number of sparse on the border. As an envoy to Shaanxi Province, he drew the map of the western regions and the right map of Hexi Longyou successively for the sake of exploring the territory. Zhenzong called him erudite. When he was demoted to Hongzhou, he was asked to build up four branches to select scholars, and then the imperial court set up six branches. Taste the imperial edict and the imperial censor Zhongcheng King's understanding of salt, listen to the business trip into the money to calculate salt. Find into the order, call to ask side plan, retreat and ten things.
He is eager to learn and can't let go of his books. Try Fengzhao's xutongdian and wenyuanyinghua, annotate Yuji. Zhao Zhang's daily notes and liusi's Zhangzuo include four volumes of Yu Gu Ji, Yin Tai Ji, Zhong Shu Ji, Shu Zhong Ji, and two volumes of Zhong Shu Zhi Ji and Han Lin Zhi Ji.
Sheng Du is famous for his incorruptness. He has a lot of books in his family. When he is free on official business, he is immersed in reading. Together with Li zonger, he compiled xutongdian, wenyuanyinghua and other books.
In the past 50 years, he was honored by Emperor Taizong, Emperor Zhenzong and Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty. The imperial edict said that "success should not be achieved by favoring profit". He also gave a tin banquet as a favor, praised turong, and gave peony a copy to make him return to his hometown. The so-called chici Chengen, clothing and brocade show.
Note: the data are from the history of Song Dynasty and county annals, etc., which were approved by Tongling municipal government.
Life of the characters
In the first year of Kaibao (969), Shengdu was born in Pingyao Town, Yuhang, Hangzhou (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). The great ancestor Sheng fan was a member of the state of Wu and Yue. He was then the Qiantang Ling (the Sheng family tree says Yuhang Ling), so his family moved to Yuhang. Now there are more than 20 families and more than 100 people with the Sheng family name in Huangshan, Pingyao, and they are descendants of the Sheng family. Sheng Yu, the father of Sheng Du, was the chief inspector of the school when he was king Qian Chu of Wu and Yue. He was sent to the Song Dynasty with Qian Chu as an envoy, and returned to the official office as a doctor of Du Zhi. At that time, people said, "Sheng Taifu has no worries. I belong to Anyi." It was a wise move for the state of Wu and Yue to accept the land and return it to the Song Dynasty, and Sheng Yu played a role in stabilizing the local areas and promoting unity at a critical historical moment when the state of Wu and Yue returned to the Song Dynasty and unified the whole country.
Sheng Du studied in his childhood. He was quick and eager to learn. Like most scholars, he took the road of becoming an official through the imperial examination. In the second year of Duangong in the Northern Song Dynasty (989), Sheng Du Jinshi, 26, began to enter the political arena of the Northern Song Dynasty. He has successively held the posts of Jiyin Wei, Fengqiu Zhubo, Guanglu Sicheng, censor of Yushitai, provincial Secretary Lang, zhishiguan, judge of Sansi Hubu, and Minister wailang. During the war between Song Dynasty and Liao Dynasty, when Khitan harassed Daming (now part of Hebei, Shandong and Henan), he went to Daming (now North of the river and east of the river) with the emperor. He went to the imperial court several times and stated the strategy of defending the border. Xuan was ordered to send an envoy to Shaanxi to survey the territory. He took a reference to the hometown of the Han and Tang Dynasties and drew a picture of the western regions to present to Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty. When Zhenzong inquired about the geographical situation of the western regions, he introduced in detail the southeast situation of Jiuquan, Zhangye, Wuwei, Dunhuang, Jincheng (now Lanzhou) and other five counties, and drew a picture of Hexi Longyou, indicating the mountains, roads, barriers, and districts for reference, and responding to the consultation. Zhenzong called it erudite. Lei Zhuo Zhigao, Youjianyi doctor, Hanlin bachelor, historian Xiuzhuan, doctor of the Ministry of war. After several relegation. After Kou Zhun dismissed his prime minister, he committed the crime of eunuch and went out to know Guangzhou. In the first year of Qianxing (1022), he was demoted to the rank of deputy regiment training envoy of Hezhou. Tian Sheng was reappointed as a doctor of the Ministry of war. He moved to know Junzhou, the court of criminal justice, Yangzhou and jiajixian. He returned to Hanlin and moved to Shizhong. Under the imperial edict, they agreed to circulate the salt solution method, allowing business travelers to "calculate salt with money.". Looking for the Minister of rites and the scholar of Duanming palace, Renzong asked Bian Bei's plan and gave ten suggestions. In 1035, Jingyou served as a counsellor and four years as a privy council. After that, he became Zuo Cheng, the Secretary of state. He knew Yangzhou, Taizhou and yingtianfu (now Nanjing). Baoyuan two years (1039) resigns to Li. Finally, he became an official with the crown prince. After his death, he was presented to the crown prince, Taifu, and posthumous Wensu.
Character achievement
The painting of the Western Regions
In the early period of the Northern Song Dynasty, Qidan harassed the northern border of the Northern Song Dynasty. Later, he was sent to Shaanxi as an envoy. He surveyed the terrain of the frontier on the spot, drew the map of the western regions for the imperial court by referring to the ancient maps since the Han and Tang Dynasties, and drew the southeast mountains and rivers of Jiuquan, Zhangye and other five counties as the right map of Hexi long. Once, when Sheng Du was playing to the emperor in the palace, song Zhenzong asked about the picture of the western regions. Sheng Du took the opportunity to suggest to the Emperor: "in the southeast of Jiuquan, Zhangye, Wuwei, Dunhuang and Jincheng counties in the western regions, the Great Wall has been built since the Qin Dynasty, starting from Lintao in the West and reaching Liaojie in the East, stretching for thousands of miles. In the past dynasties, there were local officials at all levels of management and garrison guard. In wartime, there were wars facing each other. This was the way to resist the situation. In the Tang Dynasty, a governor was set up at the border, and later a prime minister was appointed. However, due to the improper use of personnel, the governor was unable to hold fast despite the danger of rivers and mountains, and he was unable to defend because of the benefits of A-class soldiers. Now I have redrawn the mountains, roads, barriers and districts, and named them "the right picture of Hexi long" for the emperor's reference. " Sheng Du's words won sincere praise, "Ai Qing is really a learned man!" From this incident, we can see that Shengdu has studied the defense of the border areas of all dynasties, and there is no lack of insight. What's more valuable is that Shengdu has a relatively professional knowledge of geography, and is indeed a man of erudition and talents.
Strongly advocate border defense
In the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to strengthen the centralization of power, the emperor implemented the decentralization system to prevent the generals from monopolizing power. The strength of the central forbidden army was unprecedentedly strengthened, but the defense of the frontier was weakened, so there were constant border troubles in the Northern Song Dynasty. Sheng Du's proposal to guard the border area with heavy troops is a timely malady. During the reign of emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty, Sheng Du wrote to the imperial court about ten border affairs, which were well discussed and appreciated by the emperor. As for how much it was adopted by the imperial court, it is true that the emperors of the two dynasties regarded it as ministers of the two sides.
Salt law reform
When Sheng Du was in charge of geishi, the imperial edict and Zhongcheng king agreed to circulate the salt law, that is, to reform the salt law.
With the prosperity of Commerce in Song Dynasty, business tax became one of the important financial resources of the government. In order to collect more money, the government monopolized salt, tea and wine, that is, the government controlled the production and monopolized the sales of these goods. Salt is an indispensable means of life for the people, and it is also the most strictly controlled monopoly of the Northern Song government. Since the unification of the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to make "all salt and profits in the world belong to the county officials", the ban on smugglers was especially emphasized. The monopoly of table salt has resulted in poor circulation, high price and low quality of salt, which has deeply affected the people. Even in Hebei Province, "salt is used to compare medicine" and in Jiangxi Province, "people suffer from hardship and indifference", and the government's income has also decreased.
In the eighth year of Tiansheng, someone wrote: "the county magistrate banned salt, which made little profit and did harm to Bo. The two pools of salt were Fu, and the trees on them were close together. It's better to listen to the trade and sell according to the estimation, so as to broaden the people's strength. " The paper points out that the government's prohibition of salt circulation has the disadvantages of less profit and more harm. The accumulated salt in the two ponds has piled up into a mountain, so that thick trees grow on it. However, the salt circulation is blocked and can not be transported out. It is suggested that the government should open the salt prohibition. So emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty ordered Sheng Du, the academician of the Imperial Academy, and Zhong Cheng, the king of the imperial censor, to change his system. After careful investigation and study, Sheng Du wrote a letter to the emperor, pointing out the five advantages of allowing the people to run the salt industry: "when the merchants were banned, the soldiers and people were tired. Now, to eliminate the disadvantages, there are two advantages. The land transportation is not only bad for the posts, but also for the car owners. The poor people are afraid of the service, and they are afraid of the service. Now, they have two advantages. The ship transportation is addicted, and the gang officials invade and steal, mixed with sand and saltpeter Bitter and evil, disease born heavy, now all have to eat real salt, three benefits; money, the country's goods spring. If you want to get through to the rich, you can't get out of the rich, and the civilian use is getting worse. Today, the merchant will give you more than 600000 yuan to help you, which is four benefits. At the same time, you can get five benefits from reducing the salt officials, soldiers, and servants. " In October of that year, the emperor issued an imperial edict to "ban the three capitals and the twenty-eight prefectures, discuss the law, listen to the merchants entering the capital, discuss the goods business, and accept the salt." The essence of Shengdu's reform of salt law is to "listen to merchants' money and calculate salt" (that is, "trade"), that is, to allow merchants to deliver money or millet to the capital or border areas, and then take salt for sale in the areas designated by the government. Although this method also restricts private business, it fundamentally changes the government's monopoly and monopoly of salt, makes use of private capital, reduces the government's burden, promotes the circulation of salt, and is also conducive to the people's life. In the first year of this act, the national tax revenue increased by 150000 yuan.
Main works
Sheng Du is studious and famous for his incorruptness. He lists all kinds of books at home. Every time I go out and return, every time I have leisure time, I am immersed in reading. Min Yu was a writer. He had been ordered to compile xutongdian and wenyuanyinghua together with Li zonger. In addition, he collected the emperor's daily documents and memorials, and compiled them into Yu Gu Ji, Yin Tai Ji, Zhong Shu Ji, Shu Zhong Ji, Zhong Shu Zhi Ji, Han Lin Zhi Ji, Yan Wei Zhi Zhi Chi, Yong Diao Zu Fu, etc.
Character evaluation
Sheng Du is an honest official. There are also stories about Sheng Du in the Song Dynasty's novels. In the miscellaneous notes of the Qing box, it is said that when he was an academician, sun bianzhao, a subordinate of the Imperial Academy, gave Sheng Du a gift. Sheng Du was very angry: "everyone who gives a gift is a gift
Chinese PinYin : Sheng Du
Sheng Du
