Qiu Jin

Qiu Jin

Qiu Jin (1875-1907), female, with the name of Jingxiong, is a female Xia of Jianhu. She was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. He is the advocator of Chinese women's rights and women's studies, a modern democratic revolutionary, and a modern bourgeois revolutionist.

Qiu Jin was a woman martyr who sacrificed her life to overthrow the feudal rule for thousands of years and made great contributions to the revolution of 1911. She advocated women's rights and women's studies and played a great role in promoting the development of women's liberation movement. In the early morning of July 15, 1907, Qiu Jin died at xuantingkou, Shaoxing.

Life of the characters

Early years

Qiujin, whose initial name was Guijin, was named Yugu, whose name was Yuqing, and whose name was danwu. After the eastward migration, it was renamed Jin with the name Jingxiong. It was named Jianhu nvxia with a pen name of swing and used the pen name of Baiping. He was born on November 8, 1875 (October 11, the first year of Guangxu) in Ziyang academy, Yunxiao County, Fujian Province. In 1916, the four revised genealogy of the Wang family in the south of Shangxiang City, which was compiled in Xiangxiang, contains: "Wang tingjun matches Qiu's family, the word Jin, Shounan's father and daughter. The wife of Gaofeng in Qing Dynasty was born on October 11 of Ding Chou in the third year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu. She died in Shanyin County, Zhejiang Province in the sixth day of June in the thirty third year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu. She was buried in the West Lake with a stele Pavilion. The son, Yuande, took half of Ziqi as his heir. Female, Guifang

The Qiu family has been an official for generations since their great ancestors. Qiu Jin's father Qiu Shounan was the magistrate of Chenzhou, Hunan Province. His direct mother, Shan, is a descendant of Xiaoshan family in Zhejiang Province. Qiu Jin studied in a family school with her brother when she was young. She was good at literature and history, and could write poems. At the age of 15, she learned to ride horses and fencing with her cousin.

In 1894, when his father qiushounan was appointed as the general manager of Xiangxiang County, he betrothed Qiujin to Shenchong king tingjun in Heye town of Shuangfeng County. In 1896, Qiu married Wang. Wang tingjun opened "Yiyuan pawnshop" in Xiangtan. Qiu Jin lived in Xiangtan and often returned to her mother-in-law's home.

When Qiu Jin was in her mother-in-law's bimodal lotus leaf, she often had contacts with Tang Qunying and Ge Jianhao. "She was like brothers and sisters, often gathered together, or drank wine and wrote poems, or played the piano to the moon, or played chess and had heart to heart talks. Later, the three were known as "three female heroes of Xiaoxiang".

In June 1897, Qiu Jin gave birth to her first child, Wang Yuande.

In 1900, Wang tingjun took the capital as the head of the household department, and Qiu Jin went to Beijing with Wang. Soon, because of the war of Eight Allied forces in Beijing, he returned to his hometown of lotus leaf. The next year, she gave birth to her second child, Wang Canzhi. In the 29th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Wang tingjun returned to Beijing again, and Qiu Jin went with her daughter.

Revolutionary career

In July 1904, despite the opposition of her husband Wang tingjun, she broke through the shackles of feudalism and went to Japan to study at her own expense. In Tokyo, she went to the Japanese Language Institute set up by the Chinese students' Association to study Japanese. She often attended international students' conferences and meetings of Zhejiang and Hunan fellow townships, and took the stage to speak revolutionary salvation and feminist principles. In addition to studying in school, Qiu Jin also made friends with many people with lofty ideals among overseas students, such as Zhou Shuren (Lu Xun), Tao Chengzhang, Huang Xing, Song Jiaoren, Chen Tianhua, etc. During this period, Qiu Jin took an active part in the revolutionary activities of the students studying in Japan. She once initiated a common love association with Chen jiefen as a group to carry out the women's movement, and formed a secret association with ten people, such as Liu Daoyi and Wang Shize. With the purpose of finally breaking the feudal shackles on her body, rebelling against the Qing government and restoring Zhongyuan, she founded the vernacular newspaper, participated in the Hongmen Heaven Earth Association, and was honored as the "white paper fan" (Army) Division).

In the process of editing vernacular monthly in Japan, Sun Yat Sen suggested that she should "use propaganda tools to report current affairs and solve practical problems according to this specialty. The more direct the effect, the faster the better.". Qiu Jin has always taken advocating women's rights as her duty. She said that "women's studies are not prosperous, and the race is not strong; women's rights are not strong, and the country will be weak". In order to seek equality between men and women, "women must be knowledgeable, self-supporting, and should not give everything to men." "imitating the example of European and American newsprint, taking slang as an example It is the forerunner of women, men and children. Under the pseudonym of "Jianhu nvxia", she published articles in magazines such as "the benefits of speech", "warning China's 20000 female compatriots", "warning my compatriots", criticizing the ugliness of feudal system, propagating feminism and calling for national salvation. She wrote: "everyone, you should know that it's impossible to rely on others for everything in the world. You should always ask yourself to do it. At the beginning, those corrupt scholars said such nonsense as "men are superior to women", "women are virtuous if they have no talent" and "husband is wife". If we women have ambition, we should call on our comrades to oppose it. " "But from now on, I still hope that our sisters will put the past things aside and try their best to do the future things If we don't pull ourselves together, it will be too late when our country dies. " Between the lines, there is a passion for women's liberation. In autumn, he joined the Qingshan practical girls' school and joined the triad organized by Feng Ziyou in Yokohama.

After graduating from the Japanese Language Institute, he signed up to transfer to the Qingguo women's accelerated normal school attached to the Qingshan practice girls' school in Tokyo, and then returned home to raise money for further study. In 1905, Qiu Jin returned to China. In spring and summer, she met Cai Yuanpei and Xu Xilin in Shanghai and Shaoxing respectively, and Xu introduced her to the restoration conference. After Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin joined the restoration conference, the domestic revolutionary situation developed rapidly.

In July 1905, Qiu Jin went to Japan again and soon went to study in Qingshan practical girls' school. Introduced by Feng Ziyou, he joined the alliance in Huang Xing's residence and was promoted as a member of the appraisal department and a member of the Zhejiang main alliance. During her study in Japan, she wrote many revolutionary poems, which were impassioned, saying: "in such a dangerous situation, she dares to cherish her body and is willing to sacrifice her life." "If you want to save 100000 heads of blood, you have to save the world."

In 1906, after protesting against the Japanese government's ban on foreign students, he returned home and founded a Chinese public school in Shanghai. In March, he went to xunxi women's school, Nanxun Town, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province to teach. Xu Zihua, who is in charge of the school's educational affairs, and student Xu shuangyun joined the alliance. In the summer vacation, he left for Shanghai, contacted with Yin Ruizhi, Chen Boping, etc. in the name of "Ruijin society", aojiaxiong, LV xiongxiang, etc. to prepare for the uprising. After the uprising, Ping, Liu and Li, together with members of the alliance, Yang Zhuolin, Hu Ying and Ning Tiaoyuan, responded to the uprising in all provinces of the Yangtze River Basin and took charge of the mobilization of Zhejiang. After arriving in Hangzhou, he made an agreement with Xu Xilin, who was going to Anhui, to launch the campaign in Anhui and Zhejiang provinces at the same time. At this time, she developed in the new army of Hangzhou, and LV Gongwang, Zhu Rui and many other people participated in the alliance and the restoration. Soon after, the Ping Liu Li uprising failed, and the uprising stopped.

In the autumn and winter of the same year, in order to raise funds for the founding of China Women's daily, he went back to her husband's home and got a sum of money. He said goodbye to his family and declared that he was divorced from his family. In fact, Qiu Jin "since determined to revolution, I'm afraid to be involved in the family, so there is a move out of the family, which is to hide people's eyes and ears."

On January 14, 1907, China Women's daily was founded. Qiu Jin advocated women's rights and revolution. It aims at "opening up the atmosphere, promoting women's studies, connecting feelings, forming groups, and establishing the foundation of the Chinese women's Association in the future". He also wrote an "address" for the newspaper, calling on women to be "the forerunner of lion awakening" and "the forerunner of civilization".

go to one 's death unflinchingly

After returning to Shaoxing because of the death of her mother, Qiu Jin went to Zhuji, Yiwu, Jinhua, Lanxi and other places to contact the party. At this time, no one was in charge of Datong school, but was invited to preside over the school affairs in the name of a director. Taking the school as a stronghold, he continued to send people to all parts of Zhejiang Province to contact the society and the party, while he traveled between Hangzhou and Shanghai to move the military and academic circles and prepare for the uprising. She secretly established the military system of recovery, and drafted a proclamation and a notice. She agreed that Jinhua uprising and Chuzhou response would induce the Qing army to attack Hangzhou, and then Shaoxing would cross the river to attack Hangzhou. If not, she would return to Shaoxing, and then through Jinhua and Chuzhou, she would enter Jiangxi and Anhui, echoing with Xu Xilin. Originally scheduled for July 6, 1907 uprising, later changed to 19.

On July 6, 1907, Xu Xilin failed in the Anqing uprising, and the incident broke down.

On July 10, 1907, she knew the news of Xu's failure, but she refused all the advice to leave Shaoxing, saying that "the revolution will succeed only with blood". She dismissed all the people and resolutely stayed at Datong school. On the 13th, the Qing army surrounded Datong school, and Qiu Jin was arrested. She insisted on not giving up her confession, but wrote "autumn wind and autumn rain are very sad".

In the early morning of July 15, 1907, Qiu Jin died at xuantingkou, Shaoxing, at the age of 32.

Main achievements

Although Qiu Jin was not the first woman to devote herself to the Chinese revolution, she was the first woman martyr to arouse strong social repercussions. All her life, she was fighting for women's rights, striving for the revolution and the founding of the country, and combining the women's movement with the revolutionary movement in Manchuria.

Modern China is an era of revolution, which is inseparable from women as "half the sky". Qiu Jin was fortunate enough to adapt to the needs of the times, so she became a banner of modern Chinese women's Revolution: a symbolic historical figure representing modern Chinese revolutionary women.

Character evaluation

Qiu Jin is an outstanding Chinese martyr and national hero. He despised feudal etiquette and advocated women's rights. He often used Hua Mulan and Qin Liangyu to describe himself. In his early years, he studied Classics, history, poetry and was good at riding and shooting. She and LV Bicheng are called "women's double swordsmen", Tang Qunying and Tang Qunying are called "twin daughters of the revolution of 1911", and Tang Qunying and Ge Jianhao are called "three female heroes of Xiaoxiang". Their feminist and feminist thoughts have become an important part of modern Chinese women's Liberation thoughts.

Xu Xilin, Qiu Jin and Tao Chengzhang are the three heroes of 1911.

The three heroes of Shaoxing are Qiu Jin, Lu Xun and Zhou Enlai.

Sun Yat Sen called Qiu Jin "the best chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous chivalrous "The first one to join the alliance" and "to overthrow Zhuangzi"

Chinese PinYin : Qiu Jin