Zhang Yuzhao

Zhang Yuzhao

Zhang Yuzhao (1823-1894), named Lianqing and Lianting, was born in Longtang village, Donggou Town, Liangzi Lake, Ezhou, Hubei Province. He was an official, essayist and calligrapher in the late Qing Dynasty. Zhang Yuzhao's calligraphy has a unique style, combining the North stele with the South stele, creating a "Zhang style" that has influenced the calligraphy circle of the late Qing Dynasty for a hundred years. Kang Youwei praised it as "unparalleled for thousands of years". Li Zhimin commented: "Zhang Yuzhao made a new start, and touched the North stele for use."

In the 26th year of Daoguang (1846), he was elected to the Central Committee of the cabinet. After entering the shogunate of Zeng Guofan, he was one of the "four disciples of zengmen" and was recommended by Zeng Guofan as a promising candidate. His life is less than that of an official. He said that he "has no hobby in the world, but likes literature alone". He once taught in Jiangning, Hubei, Zhili and Shaanxi academies. He trained many students, including fan Dangshi and Ma Qichang.

Profile

Zhang Yuzhao was born in a scholarly family in Zhangjiawan, Longtang village, Donggou Town, Liangzi Lake, Ezhou city. As a child, he was gifted in various fields. In his youth, he made great efforts to study the classics of Tang and Song dynasties. In particular, I am very familiar with the collection of Nanfeng by Zeng Gong, an ancient writer of Song Dynasty. This made him lay a solid foundation for his studies from his youth, and also cultivated his creative spirit of calligraphy.

In 1838, Zhang Yuzhao was 16 years old. He was a scholar in the county examination. Daoguang 26 years (1846), in Hubei provincial examination. In the 30th year of Daoguang (1850), Zhang failed the entrance examination in Beijing, and then took part in the examination of Guozijian Xuezheng. After winning the election, he was awarded a letter to the cabinet. Zeng Guofan was the chief examiner in this examination, because Zhang Wen was like Zeng Zigu. Zhang, together with Li Shuchang, Xue Fucheng and Wu Rulun, was called the "four scholars of zengmen".

Zhang Yuzhao worked in Beijing for two years, but his official position was not obvious. After witnessing the corruption of officialdom, he entertained himself with books and articles, and then abandoned the official and returned to the south. In 1852, Zhang Yuzhao was employed to lecture at shaoting Academy in Wuchang. In 1854, Zeng Guofan entered Hubei Province, and Wen Yuzhao was in Hubei Province, so he was called into the army to take part in the copywriting. Since then, Xiang's colleagues have been promoted for more than ten years. However, Zhang's "only concern for the management of literature" was not enthusiastic about politics, so he never got a job. Finally, he abandoned his official career and devoted himself to the study of education, literature and calligraphy. Since 1871, Zhang has lectured at Fengchi Academy in Jiangning (now Nanjing), Lianchi Academy in Baoding, Jianghan Academy in Wuchang, and lumen Academy in Xiangyang. In 1892, Zhang was 70 years old, and his sons Hou hang and Hou Hui came to Xi'an from lumen, Xiangyang. On January 14, 1894, he died in his residence in Xi'an.

Zhang's life was full of peaches and plums, and his disciples were less than others, such as fan Dangshi, Zhang Jian, Yao Xuechen, Zhu mingpan, Japanese Miyajima chanters and so on. Many students later became scholars, poets, essayists, calligraphers and industrialists. They were famous in the political and literary circles and made great achievements. Among them, yohima Yoichi of Japan followed Mr. Yuzhao for eight years. He was dedicated to learning and benefited a lot from calligraphy. After Zhang's death, Miyajima Yongshi returned home to establish the "good neighbor academy", which spread Zhang's learning and made Zhang's calligraphy style develop into a school in Japan. His disciples Yao Xuechen's descendants in Nangong County of Hebei Province include Yao Jingxian, Dong Yuming, Zhang ZIWANG and Zhang Zhilin. Nangong county has many descendants of Zhang Yuzhao, and has held many calligraphy exhibitions of Zhang Yuzhao school.

Calligraphy attainments

Zhang Yuzhao has profound attainments in the art of calligraphy, which originated from the Wei and Jin Dynasties and surpassed the Tang Dynasty. Ji Gang Rou is elegant in HaoDuan, creating a kind of unique calligraphy with inner circle and outer square and density. It has the characteristics of strength, strength and strength. Zhang had his unique and outstanding methods in the skills of using pen, finger, ink and water. As a center, he is full of ink and light, and his spirit is introverted. "The strokes are oblique, and the structure is round and square. The manuscript that was written in a hurry has no intention to be square and round, but complacent.". (Chen Fang's "the main features of Zhang Yuzhao's calligraphy art") so Zhang Taiyan once praised it: "Mr. Zhang's calligraphy is a treasure handed down from generation to generation. It's really like a pearl of a hundred branches, and it's unique with others.". Zhang's life was full of peaches and plums, and his disciples were less than others.

Literary ideas

On learning, he inherited Yu Xu of Tongcheng, and thought that Han learning "broke up its branches and meanings", "set up its origin at the end of poverty, and left its origin at the end of poverty". Song learning "specialized in righteousness and reason, but it was not enough to reject all textual research" (review Yifu book, and Zhong Ziqin book, etc.), and advocated that "the way of learning, righteousness and reason is still in its infancy". Secondly, if the textual research, the chapter, all scholars must study the heart. It is necessary to use both of them. However, one of them should be the main one, and the other one should be the auxiliary one. Sinai is a good scholar "(reexamination of Yifu book). Zhang Yuzhao, as a writer, respected Tongcheng's righteousness and law, and said that "if you don't believe in Tongcheng's introduction, you will fall into the habit of miscellaneous clamour" (Yao yongpu's old news essays). He also learned from Zeng Guofan and tried to save the weakness of Tongcheng school's ancient literature, emphasizing that "the way of writing should not be based on Yajian" (answer to Liu shengshu). Zhang Yuzhao was also able to write poems and complained about depression, such as reading history. There are also works about the state affairs, such as lonely indignation and night talk with friends.

Main works

Zhang Yuzhao's calligraphy is also famous for its many works, such as "Mr. Zhang Lianqing's notes on learning". His main works include 8 volumes of Lianting Wenji, 5 volumes of Lianting Yiwen and 2 volumes of Lianting Yishi. In 1916, Yu Zhao's posterity re engraved the anthology and combined it with his posthumous writings and poems into Lian Ting Ji. Influential works include "the rebuilding of Jiangtian temple in Jinshan", "the stele behind Quzi ancestral hall", "the epitaph of Huang Ruren", "the rebuilding of Nangong county", "on learning notes", "Tengwang Pavilion", "Kuai's tombstone", "Ode to Zhao Chongguo" and "ancient poetry".

Character evaluation

Zeng Guofan said in the diary of qiuque Zhai: "among the disciples, those who want to achieve something should be pushed." His calligraphy is highly praised by Kang Youwei and Zhang Taiyan.

Kang Youwei once commented in guangyizhou Shuangji: "Zhang Yuzhao of Hubei Province, his book is high and ancient, and his brushwork is full of twists and turns, but his mood is very steep. Its charm is the pride of Jin and Song dynasties. Zhennengzhen was born in Jin, Tao and Wei dynasties, pregnant song and Liang dynasties, and bred Qi and Sui dynasties. "When I get the book, I will examine its ink and move it. The middle stroke must be broken, the outer stroke must be connected, and the turning must be done. The square is round, the falling stroke must be implicit, and the round is square. Therefore, the sharp stroke must be retained, and the rising stroke must be solid and clean, which is the great understanding stroke."

Li Shuchang called it "Yuanya Chaoyi" and "on the mellow CI foot" (continued ancient Ci Lei Zuan).

Wu Rulun thinks highly of his ability to "grow up later" and "be unique in the strange and treacherous style of historical records". Although he is "less powerful than ever, he can also become his own family with his witty meaning and honest words" (with Yao Zhongshi).

Zhang Yuzhao also had a high self-esteem. He claimed to write the biography after the Yuan Dynasty, which was similar to that of the Western Han Dynasty, and no less than Fang Bao, Yao Nai, and Mei Zengliang. Therefore, Wu Rulun's poem "fenglianqing in accordance with rhyme" says: "old man Zhang uses culture and entertainment to express his worries, but the wind and waves are flowing in his writing. "

Collection story

When he joined Zeng Guofan's shogunate, he, together with Wu Rulun, Xue Fucheng and Li Shuchang, was called "the four disciples of zengmen" and was praised by Zeng Guofan as "those who can expect success". His life is lighter than that of an official. He says to himself that "he has no hobby in the world. He likes literary affairs alone.". He has taught in Jiangning, Hubei, Zhili and Shaanxi academies, and trained many students. He can write poems, such as lonely indignation and night talk with friends. His calligraphy style is known as "Zhang font", and there are many kinds of ink works such as "Mr. Zhang Lianqing's notes on learning". He is fond of collecting books, and has many contacts with book collectors such as Yang Shoujing. He is very close to Jiang Guangyu, a book collector in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. He once recorded: "Jiang junyinfang is good at reading books, and has collected hundreds of thousands of books. After being trapped in the East and west of Zhejiang Province by Yue bandits, they left for the sea, from Yijiang to Chu, and then moved to Jianghan. However, they had to follow their collection of books. Many times they were commissioned to go there and cover them well. " According to the preface of Guyi series, Shangshu Shiyi, a big character version of the Song Dynasty and Shu Dynasty, was collected by Zhang Lianqing in Wuchang. Collected to the name of the book also personally collated, by his school engraved this, when called fine. He compiled 28 volumes of Gaochun county annals, collected works of Lianting, Lianting posthumous works, Lianting posthumous poems, etc. In 1916, Yu Zhao's posterity re engraved the anthology and combined it with his posthumous writings and poems into Lian Ting Ji.

Selected works

Poetry

History

The crisis of fame and wealth is very sad.

Fan Lifu's son Xu died, pitiful to Wu and Yue!

Calligraphy

The following calligraphy works are running script vertical axis, running script seven character couplet, Han Yuxin's preface to Tengwang Pavilion, regular script vertical axis, running script five character couplet, regular script nine character couplet

Introduction to culture

introduce

Zhangyuzhao Cultural Park is located in Conglin village, Wushan Town, Ezhou City, Hubei Province. It is about 1km away from the seat of the government of Wushan town. It is connected with national highway 106, Wuhan Huangshan Expressway and Beijing Zhuhai Expressway through tiehe line and 239 provincial road, with convenient transportation.

Zhang Yuzhao Cultural Park has Zhang Yuzhao literature and History Museum, Zhang Yuzhao calligraphy stele Gallery, Zhang Yuzhao calligraphy school stele forest, Lianqing tower, folk custom museum, ecological park and other attractions. And held a grand opening ceremony on October 18, 2012, many domestic scholars and experts attended the opening ceremony and gave high praise. The wenzongxuefu building in Zhang Yuzhao cultural park not only contains the important cultural relics of Zhang Yuzhao and his family, such as wooden plaques, land deeds and epitaphs of Qianlong period, but also gathers many fine works of Zhang Yuzhao's calligraphy school. Zhang Yuzhao's calligraphy masterpieces such as "praise for the sword", "thousand character essay", "eight score examination" and "regular script poem calligraphy" were also recorded in the gallery, among which the huge volume of stone inscription "on learning notes" can be regarded as a rare treasure.

Zhang Yuzhao Cultural Park is rich in humanistic style and regional characteristics, and has a humanistic environment

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Yu Zhao