Sargassum qilianense

Sargassum qilianense

Qi gazao (1793-1866) was born in Shouyang County, Pingding Prefecture, Shanxi Province. Minister of Qing Dynasty, the fifth son of Qi Yunshi, a doctor of Hubu, and the third generation of imperial teachers.

In the 19th year of Jiaqing, he was a Jinshi in the imperial examination, and he became a rare and auspicious scholar. He moved to the Imperial Academy for editing. He served as the Minister of military aircraft, the censor of zuodu, the Minister of various ministries, the grand Bachelor of Ti Ren Pavilion, and the crown prince. In the 19th year of Daoguang (1839), he personally went to Fujian to prepare for coastal defense and ban opium. When Emperor Xianfeng ascended the throne, he was more important and asked to resign. Tongzhi first year (1862), teaching Tongzhi emperor reading.

Tongzhi five years, died at the age of 74, posthumous title Wenduan.

Life of the characters

brief introduction

Qi gazao (July 11, 1793 - October 22, 1866) was born in Pingshu village, Shouyang County, Shanxi Province. He is the son of Qi Yunshi. Jiaqing Jinshi. Li official to military minister, zuodou censor, Minister of soldiers, households, workers, rites and other departments, Ti renge bachelor, Prince Taibao. In 1839, Daoguang went to Fujian to organize coastal defense and ban opium. Emperor Xianfeng's accession to the throne was more important. Then he asked himself to resign. At the time of Xianfeng and Tongzhi, MI Chenli donated money to the sick people and urged them to stop. On six current affairs. Tongzhi first year (1862), serving Hongde hall, teaching Tongzhi emperor reading. He died five years later, and his posthumous title was Wenduan.

It is known as "three generations of emperors (Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi)", "four dynasties of Ministers (Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi)" "Shouyang Prime Minister". All his life, he was loyal, clear and upright, diligent and loving the people, and had a great influence on the government. His calligraphy was developed from Xiaozhuan to Zhenxing. He learned from Erwang and came out of Yanliu. He joined in the valley. He was a famous calligrapher in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. He was praised as "the best in a while, the treasure of all people" and "the first regular script".

Qi gazao presided over the Daoxian poetry and calligraphy circles in Qing Dynasty for decades, and was looked forward to by scholars. He advocated exegesis for learning, clarified the meaning and theory, and reconciled the academic disputes between Han and Song dynasties. He advocated the Song Dynasty for poetry, which was the first generation of poets of Tongguang Song poetry school. In particular, other calligraphers were the great masters of the Qing Dynasty. His calligraphy went from small seal script to reality and practice, Deep and powerful, self-contained, theorists said to achieve the "great book profound" attainments, there is "for a time the most, people treasure" praise. In terms of its influence and status in the history of Shanxi calligraphy in the Qing Dynasty, it can be called the first person after Fushan.

Relative members

Son: Qi Shichang, editor of Hanlin academy, Minister of the Ministry of industry, Yin of shuntianfu;

Sun Tzu: Qi Youmeng has successively served as the governor of Nanhe and Hubei

Xuansun: Qi Shiqian joined the Communist Party of China during the Anti Japanese war.

Historical biography

Qi Junzao (July 11, 1793-1866), named Shuying and Chunfu, changed his name to Shifu because he avoided the taboo of Zaichun by Mu Zong, and later named GuanZhai, xiweng and jiansou. He was born in Pingshu village, Shouyang County, Shanxi Province.

Qi Junzao was born in 1793. After five dynasties of Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng and Tongzhi, he died in 1866. He was 74 years old. Qi Junzao is the grandson of the 16th generation of Qi family in Shouyang and the fifth son of Qi Yunshi. At the age of 22, he was a Jinshi in the middle of the dynasty. He was once an official to a bachelor's degree and chief minister of military aircraft (zhengyipin). At that time, he was the highest and longest official of the Han Dynasty. He once taught for Three Emperors: during the reign of Daoguang, he served as a bachelor's lecturer in the Imperial Academy, a lecturer at the banquet, and a lecturer for Emperor Daoguang; during the reign of emperor Xianfeng, he served as a Bachelor of Ti Ren Ge, a lecturer, and a lecturer for emperor Xianfeng, who taught the general plan of governing the country and the way of teaching people; during the reign of Tongzhi, he taught for emperor Tongzhi in Hongde hall, and received enlightenment every day. Therefore, people call him "three generations of imperial division". It is rare for a person to teach three emperors in his life.

Qi Junzao was born on July 11, the fourth day of June in the 58th year of Qianlong (1793) in the tiemen official residence outside xuanwumenwai in the south of Beijing. At that time, his father Qi Yunshi was revising the Sikuquanshu in Wenyuan and Wenyuan pavilions. Qi Junzao has been very smart since he was a child. He began to read at the age of four, entered a family school at the age of six, wrote a composition at the age of ten, and never forgot reading. He is known as a child prodigy. At the age of 12, Qi Junzao wrote a poem of spring grass to express his ambition. In the ninth year of Jiaqing (1804), Qi Yunshi was arrested and asked for punishment for the case of copper loss in Baoquan Bureau. Qi Junzao accompanied him to study in prison. Later, Qi Yunshi was assigned to Yili. He had to go back to his hometown of Pingshu in Shouyang with his mother and brothers. In order to bring up her sons, Mrs. Liu invited famous teachers to explain the four classics to them. The mother is quite strict with her son's studies. It is said that when Qi Junzao was 15 years old, he took part in the county examination and got the first place in the examination. When Qi Junzao happily told his mother the news of a scholar in China, her mother told him that there was no end to learning. As soon as you became a scholar, you were so proud and dazzled. What great prospects will you have in the future. Qi Junzao knew her mother's good intentions, and she was no longer complacent. Weng Tonghe, the teacher of Emperor Guangxu, wrote to his son to study hard and quoted this story.

At the age of 18, Qi Junzao took part in the provincial examination. In 1814, Qi Junzao, a 22-year-old scholar, went to Beijing to take part in the imperial examination. He was selected as a scholar of the Imperial Academy because of his excellent performance. In 1815, his father Qi Yunshi died, and Qi Junzao lived in filial piety for three years. In April of 1819, Qi Junzao was awarded the title of editor of Hanlin academy, and then entered his official career.

In March of the first year of Daoguang (1821), Qi Junzao was ordered to go to the South study. Daoguang three years (1823) Hunan Xuezheng. Xuezheng was a provincial official in charge of school education affairs in Qing Dynasty. He was appointed by the imperial court after the governor. When he was in charge of school administration, he abolished the bad rules of red paper for freshmen, restored the Convention of entrance at dawn for the second examination of children, and cancelled the examination fees for selecting excellent students, which was praised by the people of Hunan. In the 12th year of Daoguang (1832), Qi Junzao "was promoted from a common son lian to a Bachelor of science, a deputy envoy of the Department of General Administration, a minister of Guanglu, a Bachelor of cabinet and a minister of rites. He was promoted from a first grade official to a second grade vice Minister of six departments.".

In the 14th year of Daoguang (1834), Qi Junzao returned to Shouyang to keep filial piety because of his mother's death. During that time, he wrote Ma Shou Nongyan. Daoguang 16 years (1836), shouxiao end, back to the military department of the right Shilang, later turned left Shilang. In the 17th year of Daoguang (1837), he was transferred to the right Minister of the Ministry of household and was released to Jiangsu Xuezheng. After he arrived in Jiangsu Province, he was ordered to prohibit opium smoking. He wrote three chapters of "new Yuefu", published all over the country, lamented the harm of opium smoking, and played a positive role in promoting the anti smoking movement at that time. At the same time, in view of the problems of Jiangsu students' emphasis on literature and neglect of morality at that time, they learned a lot of words in examinations and few basic knowledge. In 1839, he reprinted the biography of Shuowen in Song Dynasty, published Zhuzi primary school and complied with the imperial edict to strengthen the education of basic knowledge and morality. In order to solve the problem that there are few examination sheds and many examinees in the academies of each state, he added examination sheds and rebuilt Changzhou academy, which made his own contribution to the development of Jiangsu's education. In September of this year, Qi Junzao transferred his right servant to the Ministry of official affairs. In December, he was appointed to the imperial censor of zuodu in duchayuan.

In 1840, Qi Junzao and Huang Juezi, the Minister of punishment, went to Fujian to inspect the construction of coastal defense and the prohibition of smoking. After in-depth investigation and study, he wrote that emperor Guangdi "1. It is suggested that the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang should be stationed in Quanzhou to supervise the defense. Because most of the British armed ships are moored in the waters of Zhangzhou and Quanzhou, Quanzhou is a brief area, so it is very necessary for the governor to stay in Quanzhou every year to supervise the defense. 2、 It is suggested that the turret along the coast of Fujian should be changed into a pier. 3、 It is suggested that the imperial court should pay attention to the naval battle and make big ships and cannons that can compete with the British army. 4、 We will ban cigarette dealers and punish traitors. 5、 It is forbidden for Zhangzhou and Quanzhou to use foreign money. Anyone who carries it or casts it privately will be punished. " These suggestions hit the spot and were approved by Emperor Daoguang. In February, he was awarded the Minister of the Ministry of war. In July, the British army invaded Xiamen and was repulsed by Deng Tingzhen, governor of Fujian and Zhejiang provinces. Deng Tingzhen turned up to report the situation of the war and played a meritorious role. However, the compromise faction in the court slandered him as reporting the situation of the war falsely and deceiving him. Emperor Daoguang also ordered Qi Junzao to check the war situation in Xiamen. Through careful investigation, Qi Junzao proved Deng Tingzhen's story to be true with conclusive evidence, thus exposing the slander of the compromise group and protecting the general of the resistance group.

In the 21st year of Daoguang (1841), Qi Junzao was transferred to the Ministry of household affairs. In September, he was appointed Minister of military aircraft. In the first month of the 22nd year of Daoguang (1842), he was appointed as a lecturer of Jingyan, studying the classics and history for the emperor. In the 26th year of Daoguang (1846), Qi Junzao and Wenqing, Minister of the Ministry of war, went to Tianjin to investigate the case of salt tax misappropriation by Chen Jian, salt transport envoy of Changlu. After finding out the facts, Chen Jian was removed from his post and investigated, the salt officials were straightened out, and the Changlu salt regulations were reformed. As a result, the salt administration of the Qing Dynasty was improved, and the financial revenue of the Qing Dynasty was increased. This was called a good strategy to save the time.

In the 27th year of Daoguang (1847), Qi Junzao presided over the preparation of the Ministry of household to resume shipping. The next year, sea transportation resumed. From then on, sea transportation became an important mode of transportation in the Qing Dynasty, and the difficulty of providing for the capital was solved. In the 29th year of Daoguang (1849), Qi Junzao was appointed as the general master of the study. In July, he was the Secretary of the Ministry of household to assist in the management of the three Treasury affairs of the Ministry of household. In October, Chen Changyan, the demobilized governor of minzhou, was ordered to investigate with Qi Shan, the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. He exposed the case of buyantai, the governor of minzhou. After investigation, it was found that Chen Changyan had made a false accusation, and Qi Junzao immediately went up

Chinese PinYin : Qi Jun4 Zao