Shi GUI

Shi GUI

GUI's ancestral form is actually originated from the stone axe of primitive times. Stone axe is the most important production tool and hunting weapon of ancient people, which played a very important role in the survival and development of primitive human beings. At the end of the stone age, metal tools were widely used, and people still treat the relics of their ancestors with nostalgia and worship. Ancestors were gods in the minds of ancient ancestors, so the stone axes left by ancestors naturally have the divine character and are respected by people. Under the influence of theocratic politics, the shape of stone axe gradually moved to the special ritual shape of stone GUI. Generally speaking, the ax is usually thicker in the upper part and thinner in the bottom part, with a larger gap. The thickness of the upper and lower parts is basically uniform, just like a long slat made of jade, which is called Shigui.

Introduction of utensils

GUI is a kind of special ritual vessel produced under the influence of certain ancient concepts. "Shan Shang Wei GUI" in Shuowen refers to the flake jade with sharp upper part and flat lower end. GUI originated from stone shovels and stone axes of the Neolithic age. Therefore, many jade shovels and square jade wares from the Neolithic Age to the Shang and Zhou dynasties are named GUI. It is also called "Yao", the name of ancient jade. The jade sacrificial vessels used by emperors and princes in ancient times for court appointment, sacrifice and funeral were the objects of Credit Suisse. Make a flat strip, the lower end is straight, and the upper end is an equilateral triangle. The shapes and sizes vary with titles and uses. Stone GUIs were the most popular in Shang Dynasty, and it was not until the rise of jade GUIs in Zhou Dynasty that they were gradually replaced. The stone inscriptions seen today are basically from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the Warring States period.

effect

For the convenience of ruling, the emperor of Zhou ordered the princes to make pilgrimage regularly in order to inherit the will of the Zhou royal family. In order to show the level of their status, Prince Zhou gave each person a jade, which he held in his hand during the pilgrimage, as a symbol of their status. For example, different sizes of Guijia show different ranks from the emperor to the throne; meanwhile, different sizes of Guijia with different names (such as Zhengui, huangui, Xingui, Gonggui) also show the belief of Zhou Dynasty in administering the country. GUIs with different names are the basis for holding different powers, such as: Zhengui, the person who sent the minister to return to Korea, must hold Zhengui as a certificate; in case of natural disasters, the keepsake held by the minister sent by the emperor of Zhou to comfort the people is also Zhengui; gugui, the holder, exercises the function of reconciliation or marriage; Wangui, the holder, exercises the function of commendation; Yangui, the holder, exercises the function of marriage ——The holder exercises the function of punishment.

classification

The names and varieties of GUIs can be listed as many as ten kinds, and the following names are listed in Zhou Li KAOGONGJI Yuren: Zhengui, huangui, Xingui, bowgui, Dagui, naked GUI, Shengui, Guibi, gugui, Guizhang, etc. First of all, Zhengui. There is no objection to the stipulation that the length of Zhengui is one foot two inches. Therefore, it is called Zhengui, which means that it is safe and powerful. Therefore, Zhengui is not a piece of long jade plate, but the upper part is cut into a sharp head, like the shape of a high mountain, which means that it is the supreme in the world, and all things in the world bow to its feet. There is a round hole in the middle of the town, which means that the emperor is impartial and upright in politics. In Zhouli, it is called "the emperor's Guide". According to the Zhou system, the Duke, the Marquis and the emperor are afraid of holding a life GUI in one hand. In addition to holding a life GUI in one hand, the emperor also has a GUI at his waist, three feet long, with a thin middle part and a conical head. Jin means to be a gentry. The gentry is a big belt worn by Emperor Yu. Yu Jin Da Kui said that Emperor Yu inserted the Dagui between the waistlines and belts. The silk rope of Boyi finger. Multicolor is five colors, with multicolor silk rope in the town of GUI winding five, this is called forging multicolor five. Under the important state affairs occasions, the emperor put a big GUI in his waist and took off the town GUI by hand. His style is unique. The purpose of using it is to beautify and highlight its position by means of decoration, and to prevent the collision, loss or damage of jade and GUI in the ceremonial occasions or sacrificial activities. The ancients attached great importance to jade, so it's not surprising that they were so careful in using jade. Huan GUI was nine inches long and wrapped three times with three colors of silk rope, which was held by the public. This is very clear in the quotation. The shape of Huan GUI's utensils is like a palace structure, with four edges on the top, sharp on the top and straight on the bottom. It is said that he is a talent of pillars. He can help the jade room to live in the emperor and rule the world. Therefore, the person who holds huangui is under one person and above ten thousand people. This is the Minister of the Lord. Letter GUI and bow GUI with silk rope is also three color three, and Huan GUI same. However, there are some differences in shape. The shape of the letter GUI is upright, and the shape of the bow GUI is curved. This means that a minister should show himself humble in front of the monarch. the so-called naked GUI, namely GUI Ku, is decorated with GUI as the handle of the spoon. It is one of the tools used to ladle wine and worship God. The surface of GUI is plain, some are carved into original patterns, some are carved into animal and human faces, and some are engraved with characters. There is no definite stipulation.

Chinese PinYin : Shi Gui