Yang Jingxian

Yang ne

Yang Na, whose birth and death are unknown, is good at playing the Pipa and playing banter. His original name was Siam (later changed to Na). His brother-in-law surnamed Yang lived in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). Another good thing of Yang Na is that he is good at guessing riddles and asking for anecdotes in Yuefu, which is the fashion of the literati generation in Yuan Dynasty. Yang Na and Jia Zhongming have been working together for 50 years. There are 18 kinds of zaju, including Liu Xingshou and journey to the West. In the early Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, Yang Na, Jia Zhongming and Tang Shi were both favored and met. He died in Jinling about the Yongle period.

Life of the characters

Yang Na, formerly known as Siam, was of Mongolian nationality. His brother-in-law's surname, and his birth and death date are unknown. "The book of recording ghosts" records that he is "good at pipa, good at banter, and outstanding in Yuefu". At the beginning of Yongle, he and Tang shunmin were favored by Zhu Di, the founder of Ming Dynasty. He lived in Qiantang (now Hangzhou) and died in Jinling (now Nanjing).

There are 18 kinds of Zaju written by Yang Na, two of which are Liu Xingshou and journey to the West. The journey to the West consists of 5 books and 24 volumes. The story of Tang Monk Xuanzang's pilgrimage to the West has been written since he was born. Among them, the Tang Monk took sun walker, Sha monk and Zhu Bajie as his apprentices, subdued the devil's mother, fled from his daughter's country, and eliminated the harm of Huoyanshan. In the meantime, sun Walker was buried in Huaguo Mountain for stealing fairy peaches and fairy clothes, and Zhu Bajie cheated Pei Haitang to marry him. There are many characters in the play, including literati, ministers, generals, ladies and sisters, gods, Buddhas and demons. dominating figure

Sun WuKong

Although his character is not as clear and complete as that in later novels, he has made great efforts to describe his character characteristics of hatred for evil, fighting against injustice and humor. In the fifth book, the civil and military officials of the Tang Dynasty bid farewell to Xuanzang. The sixth is "village girl's speech". From the perspective of a village girl, it describes the grand scene of the farewell ceremony. It is not only interesting, but also shows the ingenuity of the author's layout. Journey to the West shows the trace of the transition from Zaju to legendary opera, which is based on the system of performing one story in several books and separating the two versions.

Yang Na grew up with his brother-in-law Yang, so he named him Yang. His predecessors have moved to Qiantang, Zhejiang Province. At the beginning of Yongle, together with Tang shunmin (i.e. Tang Shi), Yongle was favored by Zhu Di, the Ming emperor. Later, he was called into the palace by the Ming emperor because he was good at guessing mysteries. He died in Jinling (now Nanjing).

In the early Ming Dynasty, Jia Zhongming's sequel to the book of recording ghosts said that he had been with Yu for 50 years. In the early Yongle period, he was still in favor of Zhu Ming. It can be seen that Yang was a dramatist in the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty. Yang was originally a Mongolian, and his ancestors had already moved to Qiantang, Zhejiang Province. Therefore, Zhu Youdun's "yanhuamengyin" said of Jiang Lanying, a prostitute in Kyoto. "Qiantang Yang Na made a deep promise for a legend.". In the sequel to the book of recording ghosts, it is said that Yang is good at pipa, banter and Yuefu. You will have a long and happy life. I have been with you for 50 years. At the beginning of Yongle, he was in favor with Shun people.

Anecdotes of characters

1、 Outstanding refers to Yang ne's creation. Zhu Quan's Taihe zhengyinpu says that "words are like flowers in the rain". Yang's other dramas are all lost. From the perspective of handed down works, they are all immortal dramas. "Journey to the west" describes the story of Tang Monk's seeking scriptures, which has the embryonic form of Wu Chengen's novel of the same name. But there are many different stories. There are six books and 24 plays in this drama. The structure of this drama is huge and relatively complete, which breaks through the style of four fold and one wedge in Yuan drama. It is the biggest one in Yuan drama.

2、 Leisurely music

Yang Na, like most Yuan opera writers, often lingered in brothels and sympathized with the fate of brothel women. He did not hesitate to make a legend for the prostitute Jiang Lanying, and expressed his deep appreciation for Jiang's "chastity and martyrdom, and sacrifice his life in gratitude and laughter". (see the guide to Fireworks Dream)

3、 Yongle meets pet

Yang NESHAN's argot is the first to see Li Kaixian's book of Leisure: preface to poetry and Zen in Ming Dynasty: "poetry and Zen are contained in Dongfang Shuo, but Shuo Shi originated. Bao Zhao, Zhang Kejiu, and Yang Jingyan of our dynasty all have a thousand branches and a thousand streams. Tian Rucheng's "tour of the West Lake" also says: "in the early Yongle period, Yang Jingyan of Qiantang was named as a good riddle. When he became an ancestor, he stressed the prohibition of language and called the king to speak directly in case of consultants. " As a result, a dramatist became a literary Minister of the imperial court and made use of it.

personal works

Yang Na's Zaju is one of the greatest works of that time and even the whole Yuan Dynasty

He wrote the story of Tang Monk Xuanzang's seeking scriptures from the West in Tang Sanzang Shihua and folklore. Since Xuanzang was born, he has been writing about his returning to the East and his success. Among them, the Tang Monk took sun walker, Sha monk and Zhu Bajie as his apprentices, subdued the devil's mother, fled from his daughter's country, and eliminated the harm of Huoyanshan. In the meantime, sun Walker was buried in Huaguo Mountain for stealing fairy peaches and fairy clothes, and Zhu Bajie cheated Pei Haitang to marry him. There are many characters in the play, including literati, ministers, generals, ladies and sisters, gods, Buddhas and demons. Although the character of the main character, Monkey King, is not as bright and complete as that in later novels, he has made great efforts to describe his hatred of evil, fighting against injustice and humorous character. In the fifth book, the civil and military officials of the Tang Dynasty bid farewell to Xuanzang. The sixth is "village girl's speech". From the perspective of a village girl, it describes the grand scene of the farewell ceremony. It is not only interesting, but also shows the ingenuity of the author's layout. Yang Na's creation is mainly Zaju and Sanqu. There are only a few Sanqu left, which can be found in CI Lin Zhai Yan and Yuefu Qun Zhu. According to the sequel to the book of recording ghosts, there are 18 kinds of Zaju: Tiantai dream, life and death couple, playing Jianglou, Yanshi rescue, Xihu resentment, being rich but not benevolent, waiting for Zizhan, santian fenshu, journey to the west, red and white spider, wu'e Nu, baohanzhuang, liuxingshou, steal Hongxiao, Yuanyang banquet, Dongyue Hall, Begonia Pavilion, two reunion. Only journey to the West and Liu Xingshou are handed down. There are only remnant songs in playing Jianglou and tiantaimeng.

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works

Ma Danyang Du Tuo Liu Xingshou tells the story of Liu QIANJIAO, an immortal Ma Danyang Du Tuo prostitute, which shows the negative thought of birth. Journey to the West shows the trace of the transition from Zaju to legendary opera, which is based on the system of performing one story in several books and separating the two versions. This Zaju is composed of 6 volumes and 24 volumes. Although the structure is huge, it is relatively complete, breaking through the system of "four fold and one wedge" in Yuan zaju.

Liu Xingshou and journey to the West are both immortal dramas, but the description of the world is vivid and true, showing the artistic style of banter and humor.

character

Fleas are also called Ge fleas. Yang Na, wrote a song "Ode to fleas". Wing Flea: small, small can walk and jump, bite a needle pick. The collar goes up to the waist of the trousers. I can't help it. I can't catch my figure. I've lost my somersault. How, how.) This is a humorous Ming song, which describes the flea's lightness and dexterity. It is difficult to determine the purpose of this song, but it is not meaningless to give readers imagination. It is vivid, distinctive and vivid. It is popular, humorous and humorous. This is obviously to borrow a topic to play, intended as outside. It's very easy for us to read "Ode to the flea", but we can't help laughing. It's quite different from the profound critical effect of "Ode to the fly" and "mosquito". The reason is that Yang Na, the author of this song, is a versatile and joking Sanqu writer. His representative works of Zaju are "journey to the west", which is also the classic literary works "journey to the west" and "journey to the west" summarized by Wu Chengen 》The completion of the book has a long historical process. Yang Na's journey to the West combines all kinds of folk stories of Tang monks at that time, which has high artistic value. It is a popular text of journey to the west at that time. Yang Na provides a very good artistic reference for Wu Chengen to finally complete the story of journey to the West. Therefore, Yang Na, who wrote journey to the west, can compose a song specially for the little flea and write so vividly, which shows the amazing artistic creativity of this Sanqu writer!

Yang Na and the court school

Both Yang Na and Jia Zhongming were famous dramatists at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. In the early Ming Dynasty, the emperors paid more attention to opera, and especially advocated ethical education. As a result, the creation of Zaju went to the road of palace and aristocracy, and ethical education, religious superstition and praise became the main ideological trend of Zaju in the early Ming Dynasty. In addition to his artistic achievements in zaju, Jia was good at making impromptu banquets, and Yang was good at guessing mysteries, so both of them were appreciated and favored by the emperor. Jia Zhongming's creative tendency is similar to Zhu Youdun's, and his literary grace is gorgeous. The north and South songs can also be folded and sung together. Yang Na's journey to the west, a total of 6 books and 24 plays, is adapted from Tang Sanzang's notes on poetry and folklore. The story begins when Chen Guangrui meets a thief when he goes to work, and ends when Xuanzang comes back to learn Buddhist scriptures. Sun Wukong's love of fighting against injustice has been fully revealed, but he still lacks divine power. To capture demons and subdue monsters, he needs the help of Guanyin and Tathagata. Most of the plots of the play are not consistent with the journey to the West. In terms of the composition of the writers, most of the Zaju in the early Ming Dynasty are inextricably linked with the imperial court, so their works lack the basic fighting spirit of the Yuan zaju to face the reality. In a certain sense, they have a strong color of whitewashing peace by publicizing the various tendencies of the later Yuan zaju, such as feudal preaching, immortality and Taoism, and even romantic and snowy moon. From the perspective of language style, compared with the plain nature of Yuan drama, the early Ming drama has the pursuit of increasingly gorgeous and elegant. From the perspective of artistic system, Zaju in the early Ming Dynasty broke through the rigid pattern of one main singer in Yuan zaju. Zhu Youdun arranged a flexible and interesting rotating chorus in the play. Jia Zhongming integrated the north and South songs into one fold, and Yang Na's journey to the West surpassed the usual standard of four fold and one wedge in Yuan zaju, which laid the foundation for the South Song of Zaju after the middle Ming Dynasty.

Character controversy

Yang Na (yuan historian, not Yang Jingxian) has written many times to question the Taoist theory of "one word to stop killing" of Taoist celebrity Qiu Chuji, and put forward the following evidence: "Changchun Zhenren West"

Chinese PinYin : Yang Jing Xian