Gai Jiayun

Gai Jiayun

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Gai Jiayun was born and died in the time of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. Kaiyuan, the official to the North Court are Hufu (rule Tingzhou, now Xinjiang Qitai northwest). It governs all Jimi prefectures of ten tribes of Western Turks. In the first year of Emperor Xuanzong's Xiantian reign, Yixi Jiedushi was set up in Beiting, which was led by Beiting's governor. It unified the three armies of Hanhai, Tianshan and Yiwu, with a total of 20000 people, to prevent tuqishi (one of the Turkic tribes, which should be located in the west of Yili River and east of Rehai), Mukun and other tribes.

Life story

Fighting against tuqishi

Because the two books of the Tang Dynasty did not give Gai Jiayun a biography, his early deeds can not be known. Gai Jiayun first appeared in the history books in the middle of Kaiyuan (713-741), when he was an official in beitingdu Prefecture. Beiting Duhufu was set up in the second year of Chang'an (702) after the reign of Empress Wu. It governed all Jimi prefectures of ten tribes of Western Turks. In 712, the first year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, Yixi Jiedushi of Beiting was set up. He was led by Beiting Duhu. He unified the three armies of Hanhai, Tianshan (stationed in Xizhou) and Yiwu, with a total of 20000 people, to prevent tuqishi (one of the Turkic tribes, located to the west of Yili River and east of Rehai), Mukun and other tribes. In addition to the military yamen, there are Buddhist temples, Taoist temples, trade markets and so on. Therefore, Tingzhou has an extremely important strategic position. In view of the importance of Tingzhou and the disrepair of its walls, it is difficult for Gai Jiayun to stick to it once the war breaks out. So he built Hanhai Navy in beitingdu, rebuilt the city wall and improved the fortifications. The standing garrison also reached 12000 men and 4200 horses. After this renovation, the defense ability of Tingzhou was greatly improved. It was not until the sixth year of Zhengyuan (790) of emperor Dezong of Tang Dynasty that it was captured by Tubo.

Since the 14th year of Kaiyuan (726), the relationship between the two sides has broken down due to the arrogance of Anxi Dufu in dealing with the relationship with the Turkistan Qishi khanate, and the bravery of Sulu Khan, so that the western regions once again fell into a state of war.

In October of the 23rd year of Kaiyuan (735), the army of Tu Qi Shi invaded Beiting and the city of baheng in Anxi (also known as Weirong City, now Aksu, Xinjiang). Gai Jiayun led his troops to attack in the first month of the 24th year (736). On the 26th, he was defeated by the army and returned home.

Due to the continuous foreign wars of tuqishi khanate, the national strength is weakening day by day, and the contradictions and struggles within the country are also intensifying. In his later years, Sulu Khan "worried about difficulties but did not talk about them, so he did not distinguish between bittern and gain, and the next two began" (the second biography of Tujue in the new book of Tang Dynasty). Therefore, the Khanate led to internal division, and gradually formed the yellow and black tribes. The Chinese take the Suoge tribe as their Huang surname and the Sulu tribe as their Hei surname. Among the black surnames, the two most powerful are chief mohedagan and dumodu (also known as dumodu).

In June of the 26th year of Kaiyuan (738), Mohe Dagan and dumodu led two troops to attack Sulu at night, and Sulu was defeated and killed. However, after a short time, the two chieftains divorced again because of the inheritance of Khan. Mohedaganlierweitler is a Khan of black surname, and guchuo, the son of dumodulisulu, is a Khan of tuhuoxian. MOHEDA cadres could not resist the attack of dumodu, so they sent envoys to Qixi Jiedu envoy Gai Jiayun for help.

After hearing the news, Gai Jiayun immediately went to the imperial court. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty ordered Gai Jiayun to lead the troops of the western countries to attack. Under the strong offensive of the Tang army and the countries to the west of the broken leaves, the situation suddenly changed. Tuhuoxian Khan and Hei Khan changed from mutual opposition to mutual union: tuhuoxian and tumuduju shatiye city (also known as Suye city and Suolu City, near chuis broad leaf on the South Bank of BeiChu River in fulongzhi city of present-day Kyrgyzstan of the former Soviet Union, or near tokmak of present-day Kyrgyzstan of the former Soviet Union), and Hei Khan weitler city (also known as zuiruoti, near Talos city of present-day Kyrgyzstan of the former Soviet Union) They joined forces with each other to repel the Tang army.

In the face of a sudden change in the situation, Gai Jiayun led the army of Tang Dynasty and King Mohe hatutun of Shiguo (in today's Tashkent area of Uzbekistan) and King sijinti of Shiguo (in today's Samarkand south of Uzbekistan) in August 739 to assist Mohe Dagan to launch an attack on shatiya. After being defeated, Khan fled and was captured in heluoling (southeast of Suiye city). Then Gai Jiayun sent the Shule garrison envoy Fu menglingcha and asirandagan, the king of bahana, to attack Talos City, capture Khar weitler alive, seize the city of raejian, take Princess Jinhe, and hand over all the tens of thousands of captured Tuqi Shi to the king of bahana.

After this war, the Tang army shocked the western border. In September of the same year, Mukun, nunish, gongyue and other divisions of the western regions, which were originally under the Tuqi Shi khanate, led the masses to attach themselves to them. They were still requested to move to anxidu Prefecture. So far, the western regions have recovered their former calm.

In March of the 28th year of Kaiyuan (740), Gai Jiayun captured Chang'an. Tang Xuanzong hosted a banquet for Gai Jiayun in yuhuacalyx building. Later, he pardoned tuhuoxian Khan, and served as the general and Xiuyi king of Zuojin Wuwei. He promoted Mohe Dagan to be the general of youxiaowei, canonized King Mohe hatutun as king Shunyi, and King sijinti as special advance. Soon afterwards, Gai Jiayun invited annaxin, the son of Ashina Huaidao, to be Khan of ten surnames in Western Turks, and his wife was Princess Jiaohe. Tang Xuanzong accepted Gai Jiayun's request.

Be impeached

Gai Jiayun was appointed as the governor of Hexi and Longyou towns. He was responsible for the management of Tubo, with a total force of 148000. However, Gai Jiayun, relying on his achievements, indulged in wine and lust, did not think about defense, and repeatedly delayed his appointment. As a result, he was impeached by Premier Pei Yaoqing.

Tang Xuanzong read the memorials and urged Gai Jiayun to go to his post. After Gai Jiayun took office, in order to please Tang Xuanzong, he dedicated the famous Ganzhou Daqu to Tang Xuanzong. Tang Xuanzong loved music very much. After watching it, he clapped his hands and exclaimed. He ordered to perform in the church. From then on, Ganzhou Daqu became popular in the court. Later, Ganzhou Daqu was widely spread in Kabuki restaurants, teahouses and restaurants in Chang'an, and even spread to Japan. The famous cipai "eight tones Ganzhou" was originally a passage in "Ganzhou Daqu". During his term of office, Gai Jiayun still went his own way and did not think about defense. As a result, he was impeached by Wei Heng, the dethroning envoy of Gansu Province.

suffer a big

Gai Jiayun's misdeeds finally led to disaster. In June of the 29th year of Kaiyuan (741), the Tubo sent 400000 troops into Changning bridge in the West and launched a large-scale attack on Anxi army through Heyuan army station (now Xining, Qinghai). But he was defeated by the Tang army led by Zang Xiye. On December 28, Tubo mobilized troops again and captured Dahua County in kuozhou (today's Guide East in Qinghai), killing all the soldiers and civilians in the city. Then they attacked Shibao city (now southwest of Huangyuan, Qinghai). Shibao city was easy to defend but hard to attack, but because Gai Jiayun relaxed his vigilance, it was easily captured by the Tibetan army. Gai Jiayun couldn't resist, so he had to retreat, which made the Tang army lose this important strategic point,.

The fall of Shibao City infuriated Tang Xuanzong and dismissed Gai Jiayun. Since then, Gai Jiayun disappeared on the stage of history. However, it was not until June 749 that the stone castle was recovered again with heavy casualties.

Documentation

Comprehensive Mirror for Aid Government

In the autumn and July of the 27th year of Kaiyuan, xinchou, a firecracker, committed the crime of Nandou. Beiting capital protected Jiayun, attacked Tatu by light cavalry, and killed Sulu in Suiye City, which shocked the western border. In August, Tibetan invaders like Bai Cao and an Ren. In Jiashen, Confucius Xuanfu was the king of Wenxuan, Yan Hui was the Duke of Yan, and Yu Shizhe was the marquis. His successor Bao Sheng Hou was renamed Wenxuan Gong. In September, the Crown Prince changed his name to Shao. Qi Huan, the governor of bianzhou, asked him to open the Bianhe River downstream, from Hongxian county to Huaiyin, where he joined Huaiyin in the north. Because the old road was blocked by abandoned sand, the new river was filled with water. Cui Yinfu, former Minister of the Ministry of punishment, died. In winter and October, it will be changed into Mingtang. The false official took the children and buried them in the Ming hall, thinking that they were tired of winning. The village is hidden in the valley, and the capital is in a state of turmoil. Wang Ji, the master and guest doctor, was sent to Dongdu and other prefectures to comfort the people. In winter and October, the upper layer of Dongdu Mingtang was destroyed and the lower layer was changed into Qianyuan hall. Wuxu, xingwenquan palace. Xin Chou, from the hot spring palace. In December, Cui Mian, the vice president of Dongdu and the guest of the crown prince, died. Yizhou Sima Zhang Qiu and qiongquan Jiannan Jiedu and other envoys. At the age of 20, Gai Jiayun broke through the crowd of riding Shi, captured his king tuhuoxian and sent him to the capital.

Gai Jiayun is also recorded in volume 214 of Zizhi Tongjian

On Gai Jia Yun Shu

Fu Jianyun made great contributions to the defeat of the bandits, and appointed the two armies to win the victory. The Tubo clown was not enough to annihilate the barbarians. However, recently, he and his classmates have been watching their actions. They are brave and sincere. They are proud and boastful. They are afraid that they will not succeed. In the battle of pusuo, Mo Aoli raised his toe a little higher. In the spring and Autumn Annals, he thought that he would be punished, for fear that he might be arrogant. When the officials are worried about stealing, they should guard against the border in the autumn. When the sun and the moon force them a little, they should know the proper way to meet the right officials. Today, the generals of the frontier army have not spoken about the day. If they start to go and the officials do not know it, they may not be the only way to win. Kuang's soldiers are not trained, they don't know the etiquette and law, they don't care about the benefits, and they don't have the same heart. They want to forget their fate for a while, they are afraid of being severely punished for a short time, and they advance under coercion. Therefore, it's probably not the meaning of learning from the law for a long time. Another ten thousand people's lives depend on the generals. They have no choice but to do it. They have to cut down the gate of evil men and get on the way. Today's feast day and night, more than good, I'm afraid not love the country

Chinese PinYin : Gai Jia Yun