PI Rixiu

PI Rixiu

PI Rixiu (about 838-883), a poet and litterateur in the late Tang Dynasty, once lived in lumen mountain and haolumenzi in Xiangyang. He was born in Jingling (now Tianmen in Hubei Province). He was as famous as Lu guimeng and was known as "Pi Lu" in the world.

PI Rixiu became a scholar in 867, and successively worked in Suzhou as < I > (< I > < I > Wu Yue Bei Shi < / I > < I >), Zuo Lang, doctor Taichang, and Deputy envoy of piling. After Huang Chao became emperor, he was forced to be an academician, and finally disappeared. Lu Xun praised his poems as "the brilliance and edge in the mess of the late Tang Dynasty". His works include PI RI Xiu Ji, PI Zi, Pi Shi Lu men Jia Chao, etc.

Life of the characters

In the seventh year of Xiantong (866) of Yizong, PI Rixiu entered Beijing, failed in the imperial examination, retired to Shouzhou (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), and wrote his own poetry anthology "Pizi wensou".

In the eighth year of Xiantong's reign (867), the imperial examination should be held again to finish the list.

In 868, he traveled to Suzhou. In the 10th year of Xiantong (869), he worked as a governor of Suzhou. He met Lu guimeng and sang with him. After that, he entered Beijing as doctor Taichang and went out as deputy envoy of piling.

In the fifth year of Qianfu (878), Huang Chao's army went to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and PI Rixiu was obtained by Huang Chao. Huang Chao became emperor of Chang'an, and PI Rixiu was a academician.

In 883, he went to Tongguan county. After the fall of Huang Chao, PI Rixiu's whereabouts are unknown.

Main impact

PI Rixiu's dispatch work is Pizi wensou, which contains 200 articles and one volume of poetry. He and Lu guimeng are called "Pilu" together, and there is Songling collection. Most of his poems criticize the current maladies and sympathize with the sufferings of the people, reflecting the social reality of the late Tang Dynasty, exposing the decadence of the ruling class, and reflecting the exploitation and oppression of the people. Some scholars believe that PI Rixiu is "an intellectual who is concerned about the country and the people" and "a thinker who is good at thinking". Lu Xun commented that PI Rixiu was "a brilliant edge in a mess" (Lu Xun's crisis of essays).

PI Rixiu's existing poems and essays were all written before he joined the Huangchao uprising army, such as "you fu", "Heqiao Fu", "Huoshan Fu", "Taohua Fu", "Jiuji", "Shiyuan", "lumen Yinshu" and so on. His poems have two different styles: one inherits the tradition of Bai Juyi's new Yuefu, represented by ten pieces of zhengyuefu; the other takes the road of Han Yu's adventure, represented by singing with Lu guimeng and describing the landscape of Wuzhong in Suzhou.

PI Rixiu was born in a humble family. He took part in the Huangchao peasant uprising and was an academician under the peasant regime. Although his existing works were completed before the peasant uprising, his works have a very obvious humanistic color because of his in-depth understanding of the social reality and people's suffering. He satirized the dark reality and sympathized with the masses of the people. He once said to himself, "Fu is also a stream of ancient poetry. Wang Taiyi wrote the Fu of worry before his injury, he Qiaofu when he was worried about the difficulties of the people's way, Huoshan Fu when he was not satisfied with his feelings, and peach blossom Fu when he was in pity for the poor scholar Daochen. " When he lived in seclusion in lumen, he wrote 60 chapters of "Yinshu", which revealed the tyranny of the feudal landlord class in the form of "ancient" and "modern". He said: "the ancient killing people were angry, and today's killing people are laughing; the ancient using virtuous people for the country, and today's using virtuous people for home; the ancient alcoholism for wine, and today's alcoholism for people; the ancient setting officials for stealing, and today's setting officials for stealing."

He pointed out: "the king of later generations is not evil, but also in politics and religion." Even dare to say: "gold and jade, the king's use also", because the king's precious gold and jade, so that we regard gold and jade as treasure, in fact, the real value is not gold and jade, but millet and silk: "a people's hunger to millet to full, a people's cold to silk to warm, never heard of gold can cure hunger, white jade can avoid cold also."

Historical evaluation

Lu Xun's crisis of essays: the style of poetry declined at the end of Tang Dynasty, while essays showed brilliance. However, Luo Yin's slander books are almost full of protest and indignation. PI Rixiu and Lu GUI think they are hermits, and others call them hermits. Their essays in Pizi wensou and Lize series do not forget the world. They are just the brilliance and edge in the muddle.

Anecdotes and allusions

Write twice

In Xiantong, Jinshi PI Rixiu wrote two letters. First, take Mencius as the subject. Its slightly cloud: the minister hears the sage's way, but by classics. The decline of classics is nothing but history. The history of the fall, but Huzi. Mencius is the same as Confucius. She is, and the scholars must denounce the classics and history, the thieves of sages. There are many articles. Please abolish the books listed in Zhuangzi, mainly Mencius. If there are those who can understand the meaning, please choose the same Ming Scripture. Second, please take Han Yu as a companion. It is said briefly: the minister hears the sage's way, but seeks to use. When it is used in life, it can be known for a while; when it is used after death, it can be known for all ages. Also said: Mencius, Xunqing, Yi Fu Confucius, to the text of the neutron. The way of Wen Zi is broad, and Han Yu is the only one who can inherit his beauty! " Rixiu word attack the United States, Xiangyang jingling people, young attack text, hidden in the lumen mountain, drunk Mr. Yin. At the beginning of the show, Zheng Yu, the Minister of rites, said in the play, "I'm very talented and learned. What's the purpose of this He said to him, "a servant can't have one eye but two." It is said that we should not talk nonsense with others. We should give it a hand. He lived in Suzhou. As a literary friend with Lu guimeng, he wrote ten volumes of wensou and three volumes of PI Zi. Judge Qian Liu. (the northern dream of Suoyan)

translation

In the year of Xiantong, PI Rixiu, a Jinshi, played books twice. For the first time, Mencius was required to be taken as a subject of study. It is generally said: "I heard that the truth of sages is no more than that of scriptures; what is inferior to scriptures is history books, and what is inferior to history books is the writings of scholars. It is Mencius that does not leave the way of sages. In addition, scholars of various schools must reject the classics and historical books, which is the disaster of sages, and most of them are not recorded in the literature. It is requested to abolish books such as Zhuangzi and Liezi, and take Mencius as the main one. There are those who can understand its principles, and they will be selected through the imperial examination in Ming Dynasty. " The second time, he asked for Han Yu to enjoy sacrifice in Taixue. I heard that the sage's claim is to be useful. If you use it when you're alive, you can know it for a while; if you use it after you die, you can know it from generation to generation. " He added: "Mencius and Xunqing protected and assisted Confucius' theory and spread it to Wenzi Wangtong. The theory of Wen's neutron is too wide. He can only inherit his essence, probably only Han Yu. " PI Rixiu was born in Jingling, Xiangyang. He studied articles since he was a child and lived in seclusion in lumen mountain. He was called Mr. zuiyin. On his first visit to officialdom, Zheng Yu, the Minister of rites, teased him and said, "you are very talented, but how can you be an 'eye' PI replied, "you can't abandon two 'eyes' because of one' eye '(because I have one eye, you lose your ability to distinguish things." They all admire him. When PI Rixiu was a doctor of Guozi, he lived in Suzhou and was a literary friend with Lu guimeng. He wrote ten volumes of Wen sou and three volumes of PI Zi, which were praised by people. At that time, he was the judge of the governor Qian Liu.

Ba Dou Cai Gao one eyed Dragon

——PI Rixiu, who was joked by the seat master, made fun of Huang Chao

In the literary world of the late Tang Dynasty, PI Rixiu, known as "Pi Lu", is a writer worthy of people's memory. As a young man, he was very smart and capable, and made remarkable achievements in poetry, prose, Ci Fu and other literary fields, so he became famous in his 20s.

But his official career is always full of thorns. In his early years, he was fond of drinking, and he had a kind of obsessive and persistent feeling for poetry. We can see from his name "Mr. zuiyin", "zuishi" and even "Jianqi Buyi". In 866, PI Rixiu, who was 32 years old, was recommended to take the Jinshi examination in Chang'an. At first, he lived in yongchongli in the southeast of the city for more than ten days, and his literary name spread all over Chang'an. However, he was honest and didn't like to flatter people, so some officials and dignitaries didn't pay much attention to him, so PI Rixiu, who didn't get an effective introduction, had to leave his favorite capital after he failed in the entrance examination.

After he returned to his hometown, PI Rixiu devoted himself to compiling his own poems and essays. He collected more than 200 works into 10 volumes and named them "Pi Zi Wen sou". The next year, that is, eight years of Xiantong (867), Yizong presented these works to the people concerned and took the entrance examination. This time, the chief examiner was Zheng Yu, the Minister of rites. He appreciated PI Rixiu's poems very much. Before he published the list, he sent someone to invite pi to his government to have a talk. Zheng Yu thought that Pi's poems were so outstanding that people should be beautiful. But when he saw it, he was disappointed, because the corner of PI Rixiu's left eye collapsed, and from a distance, it was like he had only one eye. The folk so-called "one eyed dragon" is probably the true portrayal of his respectable face. ①

Seeing this, Zheng Yu Sui, who was unexpected, said half jokingly and half seriously: "your talent and learning can be said to be highly talented and well-off; but you only have one eye. It's a pity!" PI Rixiu was very disgusted with Zheng's joke. Even if he retorted, "my Lord, you must not have two eyes because of my eye

Chinese PinYin : Pi Ri Xiu