Ban Biao

Ban Biao

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Ban Biao (3-54 years), a famous historian and writer of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was born in anling, Fufeng (now Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province).

He was born in the family of the eminent and Confucianism in the Han Dynasty and was greatly influenced by family studies.

As a child, Gu minqiu was good at studying, and he and his elder brother's class continued to study.

At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, in order to avoid the war to Tianshui, he attached himself to kaixiao. He tried to persuade kaixiao to return to the Han Dynasty, and was influenced by Wang Ming Lun, but he failed.

During the period of Wang Mang in the new dynasty, later to Liangzhou, Dou Rong, a great general in the northwest, advised him to support Emperor Guangwu.

In the early Eastern Han Dynasty, Ju maocai was appointed magistrate of Xu county. He was exempted from official duties due to illness. Ban Biao is a learned scholar with a high talent, and he specializes in historical works.

He wrote more than 60 chapters of houzhuan, considered the previous history and corrected the gains and losses, which was valued by later generations.

His son Ban Gu completed the book of Han Dynasty, and the historical materials are mostly based on ban Biao, which is actually the continuation of his historical work.

His daughter Ban Zhao and others added to the list.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Ban Biao is the father of Ban Gu, the author of the book of Han. He is a Confucian with profound attainments. When I was young, I went to school together from my brother's class. I made a lot of friends. In his twenties, at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, a group of heroes came together, and he fought in Tianshui, where he took refuge.

Go to Xiaoxiao

Once upon a time, he asked ban Biao: "in the past, the Zhou Dynasty was destroyed, the Warring States period was in strife, and the world was divided. It took several generations to be stable. Is it going to happen today, or is it going to happen to someone? I hope you can talk about it Ban Biao replied, "the rise and fall of Zhou Dynasty is different from that of Han Dynasty. Once upon a time, the Zhou Dynasty was divided into five parts: Duke, marquis, uncle, son and man. The Marquis controlled their own territory and acted in their own way. Just like a big tree with weak roots and luxuriant branches and leaves, it was the situation that prompted it to merge vertically and horizontally. The Han Dynasty inherited the system of the Qin Dynasty, and changed the feudal system to the county system. The monarch had autocratic authority, and his subordinates had no authority for a hundred years. Under the influence of his relatives, Emperor AI and Emperor Ping were in power for a short time. The three emperors had no sons, so Wang Mang usurped the throne and stole the title of the throne. The danger comes from the top, and the damage is less than that from the bottom. Therefore, after Wang Mang really usurped the throne, all the people in the world sighed with their necks outstretched. For more than ten years, there have been disturbances at home and abroad. They have been acting far and near. Under the banner of Liu family, they have met and responded to each other. At present, there is no capital like the traditional capital of the seven countries under the rule of heroes. However, the common people are united in thinking of the kindness of the Han Dynasty, and the development trend can be imagined. " "It's right to analyze the situation between Zhou Dynasty and Han Dynasty, sir. It's not necessary to say that the Han family will be revived only because the stupid people are used to Liu's surname. Once upon a time, when Qin Dynasty lost the world, it was like a deer running away, and Liu Bang caught the deer. Who knew what Han Dynasty was? "On the one hand, ban Biao hated the wild talk of kaixiao, on the other hand, he lamented the difficult situation, so he wrote a treatise on Wang Ming, which believed that Han de inherited Tang Yao, and the effective Wang Fu testified that the king ascended the throne, not by fraud, and wanted to use it to move kaixiao, but kaixiao didn't realize it, so he avoided Hexi.

In charge of Liangzhou

Dou Rong, a great general in Hexi, treated him with great respect and received him as a teacher and friend. Ban Biao gave some advice for Dou Rong and respected the Han Dynasty. As soon as Xihe, the commander-in-chief, brought him resistance. Later, Dou Rong returned to the capital by imperial edict. Emperor Guangwu asked, "who is the advisor to your memorial? "Dou Rong replied," it's all my work, ban Biao. " The emperor always heard that ban Biao was very talented, so he summoned ban Biao, promoted him to be Si Li Mao Cai, and called him to be Xu Zhou Ling. Because of illness, he was not in place. Several times later, at the order of Sangong, he went. He served as the county's officer, and also as situ he. Ban Biao made many suggestions on the current political affairs, such as "protecting Qiang Xiaowei Shu", "Shangyan electing Donggong and other kingdoms' officials" and "memorials to northern Xiongnu". He was soon relieved of his official duties due to illness and concentrated on historical records. In his later years, he had a long career. Ban Biao devoted himself to history, especially the history of Han Dynasty.

Devote oneself to history

Ban Biao was both talented and good at writing, so he concentrated on historical records. During the reign of Emperor Wu, Sima Qian wrote historical records from the legendary Yellow Emperor to the contemporary Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Since the beginning of the Taichu period, it has not been written. Later, more than ten scholars, such as Chu Shaosun, Liu Xiang, Liu Xin, Feng Shang, Yang Xiong, etc., have compiled current affairs, supplemented or continued them. but the writing style is vulgar, so it is not worthy of being a follow-up work of historical records. Ban Biao continued to collect the historical relics of the former dynasty, and wrote dozens of biographies, referring to the previous history and commenting on the gains and losses. In the three dynasties of Tang and Yu, according to the records of the book of songs and the book of books, every generation had historiographers who managed classic works. When they came to the vassal states, every country had its history. Therefore, Mencius said that "the history of Chu is called mushouwu, the history of Jin is called Cheng, and the history of Lu is called Chunqiu. It's one thing for them to record history." . In the time of Duke Ding and Duke AI, Zuo Qiuming, a gentleman of the state of Lu, collected the history of that time, wrote 30 chapters of Zuo's biography, and 21 chapters of Guoyu based on various materials. From then on, Cheng and mushouwu were not up to date, and Zuo's and Guoyu got people's attention. There is also a book that records the deeds of emperors, princes and officials from the Yellow Emperor to the spring and Autumn period. It is called Shiben, with a total of 15 chapters. < / sub > < sub > after the spring and Autumn period, there were disputes among the seven states and the annexation of princes by the state of Qin. Lu Jia, a Taizhong official, recorded the situation at that time and wrote nine chapters of Chu Han spring and Autumn Annals. In the reign of emperor Xiaowu, the Taishi ordered Sima Qian to collect Zuoshi and Guoyu, and cut down Shiben and ZhanGuoCe. According to the current affairs of Chu and Han Dynasties, from the Yellow Emperor to the second year of Taishi, Sima Qian wrote 130 chapters on the book of history, family, biography, books and tables, and ten of them were missing. Sima Qian's records were from the founding of the Han Dynasty to the end of Emperor Wu a merit. As for the adoption of Scripture biography and the collection of materials scattered among hundreds of schools, there are many oversights and brevity, which are not as detailed as the original truth. It is well known for its wide coverage and superficial but not solid arguments. He praised the Yellow Emperor and Lao Tzu and despised the Five Classics in his academic research; he despised benevolence and justice and was ashamed of poverty in his biography of goods; he despised the chaste people and respected the secular meritorious people in his writing of Rangers. This is the reason why he was punished because he had a serious problem and hurt the right way. But he is good at narrating things, writing smooth but not gorgeous, simple but not rough, literary quality, worthy of a good historical talent. If we let him comply with the etiquette and law of the five classics and meet the saint's right and wrong standards, it would be almost enough. "There are merits in those hundred history books. After reading Zuo Shi, Guoyu, Shiben, ZhanGuoCe, chuhanchunqiu, taishigongshu, today's people can know the ancient history, and later generations can know the things of the previous generation. It's really the eyes and ears of saints. Sima Qian's biography of emperors is called Benji, his biography of princes and Marquises is called aristocratic family, and his biography of princes and scholars is called liezhuan. He listed Xiang Yu and Chen she in his family, while Huainan king and Hengshan King were descended to biographies, which were detailed, euphemistic and well organized. Sima Qian's works are based on anecdotes of ancient and modern times and historical materials throughout the classics. With a person's energy, the content is complex and heavy, so his collection, deletion and tedious place is not enough, some redundant language is not uniform enough. For example, when Sima Xiangru was written, he listed the counties and counties and wrote his characters. As for those who wrote about Xiao He, Cao Shen, Chen Ping and others, as well as Dong Zhongshu at the same time, their characters were not recorded. Some of them only wrote about the counties but not the counties. Maybe they didn't take into account them. In writing history in the future, we must strictly check the facts, modify the writing, unify the style, and write about the aristocratic family. As long as the records and biographies are enough. It is said in the ancient book that "killing insects is the ultimate goal.". "Killing" means "killing the youth", which is extended to "writing history". The purpose of writing history is to make people see some standards The original meaning of the spring and Autumn Annals is plain and upright < / sub > ban Biao was promoted to situ yukuang mansion. At that time, the crown prince's east palace had just been established, and all the kingdoms were opened up at the same time, but the officials were not complete, and the division and protection were missing. Ban Biao once again said: "Confucius said that people's nature is similar, but the influence of customs is far from the same. "Jia Yi believes:" if you often deal with good people, you have to do good deeds. It's like growing up in Qi, you have to speak Qi dialect. You can't keep in touch with the wicked without doing bad things. It's better to grow up in the state of Chu and speak Chu dialect. "Therefore, the sage strictly chose his neighbors and paid special attention to the influence of the environment. Once upon a time, King Cheng of Zhou was assisted by Duke Zhou, Duke Shao and taishiyi when he was a child. In the dynasty, he was assisted by Dadian, Hongyao, nangongshi and sanyisheng. His left and right sides did not violate the etiquette. As soon as king Cheng ascended the throne, the world was in unprecedented peace. "< / sub > < sub > therefore, the spring and Autumn Annals puts forward:" to love a son, we should educate him to take the right path and not to go astray. Pride and luxury, licentiousness and laziness are the root of heresy. " "The book of songs says:" the good idea for Sun Tzu is the way of peace and respect. " It refers to the precious legacy that King Wu of Zhou left to King Cheng. " After the rise of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Taizong sent Chao CuO to use magic

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