Yu Wenfu

Yu Wenfu

Yuwenfu (559 ~ 580, June 22), whose name is Qianbo, was born in Wuxiang County, Wuxiang County (now Dali County, Shaanxi Province). The fourth emperor of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (June 21, 578 to March 579). The eldest son of Emperor Wu of Zhou, Yu Wenyong, whose mother is empress dowager Li Ezi.

Born in Tongzhou, he was the Duke of Lu at the beginning. In the first year of Jiande (572), he was appointed as the crown prince. He was strictly disciplined and often severely punished. He inspected the western region and led the army to the West in Tuyuhun. Xuanzheng first year (578), officially ascended the throne, year name Dacheng. He indulged in drinking and lust, tyrannical and licentious, overhauled palaces, abused punishments, and monitored ministers. The killing of King Yu Wenxian of Qi led to the decline of clan power and the rise of relatives' power. In the first year of Xiangxiang (579), Zen was located in Prince yuwenshan, who called himself Emperor Tianyuan and still controlled the imperial power. Chen Yueyi, the eighth daughter of General Chen Shanti, and Yuan leshang, the second daughter of Yuansheng, the third division of Yitong, are the most favored. The five queens in the palace indulged in wine and sex, played freely, and their health deteriorated day by day.

Elephant two years (580), died, only 22 years old, posthumous title Emperor Xuan, buried in Dingling. The next year, Yang Jian, father-in-law of the Sui Dynasty, usurped the throne and established the Sui Dynasty, marking the end of the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

Life of the characters

The crown prince

In the first year of Wucheng (559), Yu Wenfu was born in Tongzhou. On the first day of may in the first year of Baoding (561), Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty was granted the title of Duke of Lu. On April 21, the first year of Jiande (572), Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty personally told his ancestors at the imperial temple. On the East step, he crowned Yu Wenfu and became the crown prince. In 573, Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty ordered the crown prince Yu Wenfu to inspect the western region. In the same year, she married Yang Lihua, the eldest daughter of Yang Jian, the Duke of the Sui Dynasty. In the third year of Jiande (574), Empress Dowager Wenxuan Chinu passed away. During the mourning period of Emperor Zhou Wu's mother, he ordered yuwenfu to be prime minister and return to Emperor Zhou Wu 50 days later. Every time Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty went out to inspect, he often left Yuwen to supervise the government. In February of the fifth year of Jiande (576), Yu Wenfu was ordered to inspect the western region and take the opportunity to attack Tuyuhun. Yu Wenyong, Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, worried that he could not shoulder the heavy responsibilities of the emperor, and taught him to be very strict. In every court meeting, the demands of behavior are the same as those of ministers. No rest, even in severe winter and heat. Yuwenfu was a good drinker. Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty banned alcohol and those related to alcohol could not be sent to the east palace. Every time he made a mistake, Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty beat him with a stick and a whip. He once said to him: "there were many princes who were abandoned before. Can't the rest of my sons be made Prince So he ordered the officials of the eastern palace to record Yu Wenfu's words and deeds. Report to him every month. Because of his fear of the majesty of Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Yu Wenfu acted in accordance with the rules every day and could not express his true feelings, so many serious evil deeds were unknown to outsiders.

overindulge oneself in wine and women

Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty died on the first day of June in the first year of xuanzheng (578). On the second day of June, the crown prince Yu Wen Yun ascended the throne, and respected his mother, empress ashner, as empress dowager; respected his mother, Li Ezi, as empress dowager. The next year is the first year of Dacheng. after the death of Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, according to the code of conduct of successive emperors, they all needed to be filial for about a month. However, limited by the situation, Yu Wenfu ascended the throne the day after the death of Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Ten days later, after burying Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, he took off his filial piety and celebrated his accession to the throne. After he ascended the throne, he indulged in drinking and sex, followed the example of Shi Hu, the later Zhao emperor, and even five queens standing side by side. In this way, Liu Cong, the former Zhao emperor, broke the record of "three queens standing side by side". He wantonly decorated the palace, abused punishment, and often sent his cronies to monitor the minister's words and deeds. On June 28, the first year of Dacheng (578), he killed Yu Wenxian, the imperial uncle of Qi, which led to the gradual decline of the imperial clan power.

Zen crown prince

On February 19, the first year of Dacheng (579), Yu Wenfu issued an imperial edict to his eldest son, Yu Wenyan, and changed his name to elephant. He called himself Emperor Tianyuan and Yang Lihua queen Tianyuan. His residence was called "Tiantai" and his subordinates called themselves "Tian". When the ministers meet in court, they must eat fast for three days and clean themselves for one day in advance. Chen Yueyi, the eighth daughter of General Chen Shanti, and Yuan leshang, the second daughter of Yi Tongyuan Sheng, are the most favored. Due to overindulgence and unrestrained play, Yu Wenfu's health deteriorated.

Good wine died

On May 24, the second year of the elephant (580), when Yu Wenfu was critically ill, Liu Fang, the imperial official, and Zheng Yi, the official in the internal history, forged the imperial edict and asked Yang Jian, the Duke of suiguo, to accept his last order and assist the government. On that day, Yu Wenfu died of illness in Tiande hall at the age of 22. He was posthumously named Emperor Xuan. On July 12 of the same year, he was buried in Dingling. In the first year of Dading (581), Yang Jian, the Prime Minister of Zuo, dethroned Yuwen yanzili and changed the name of the state to Sui Dynasty. It is recorded in the seventh volume of ZhouShu · Diji and the tenth volume of Beishi · zhoubenji.

Main achievements

Politics

In August of the first year of xuanzheng (578), Yu Wenfu sent ambassadors to inspect the States, and made nine laws and decrees, declaring that: first, convicts must be judged in accordance with the law; second, those whose mother's mourning period has expired should be allowed to remarry; third, punishments with sticks must be carried out in accordance with the law; fourth, burglars in counties should be reported; fifth, filial piety Sun, Yifu and Jiefu should be commended in their hometown, and those who can be appointed should be recommended immediately. Sixth, those who have worked in the past but are not well-known, or who have fallen into the civil society and have civil and military talents should visit and report their names. Seventh, officials above grade seven have been appointed, and those below grade eight and those outside grade eight are allowed to participate in the preliminary election if they want to become officials The eighth and the eighth prefectures recommend talents and Erudites as scholars, and the counties recommend classics. The senior prefectures and the upper prefectures recommend one person every year, and the lower prefectures and the lower prefectures recommend one person every three years. The ninth and the older ones are granted official posts according to the rules. All widows, widows and poor people who have to take care of themselves should be given relief.

military

In June of the first year of xuanzheng (578), Lu Changqi and Zu Yingbo from Youzhou gathered together to occupy Fan Yang and rebel. Yuwenfu ordered Zhu state and Duke Yuwen of Dongping to lead troops to attack and pacify the rebellion. In September of the first year of xuanzheng (578), Liu shouluogan, the chieftain of Jihu in Fenzhou, rebelled. Yu Wenfu appointed yuwensheng, the king of Shangzhu and Yue, as the marshal of the marching army and led the army to fight against the rebellion. On December 26, the first year of xuanzheng (578), Yu Wenfu appointed Shangzhu state, Heyang general manager and Teng King Yu Wenfu as the marching marshal and led the army to attack Chen state. The criminals serving in the capital were pardoned and ordered to join the army.

Relative members

parent

Father: Yu Wenyong, Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. mother: Queen ashner birth mother: Li Ezi

Empress

The queen of Tianyuan, Yang Lihua, gave birth to Yuwen eying. After emperor Tianyuan, Zhu manyue was born to yuwenshan, Emperor Jing of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. the queen of heaven, Chen Yueyi, is a monk. Empress Tianzuo, Wei Chi chifan, became a monk. empress Tianyou, yuan leshang, a monk. Wang Ji, Wang Yuwen, Huang Fuji, Wang Yuwen Shu

Son

Yuwenshan, the Jing emperor of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, was originally named yuwenyan and his mother was Zhu manyue, who was killed by the Wen emperor of the Sui Dynasty. Wang Yuwen, whose mother was Wang Ji, was crowned king in the second year of Xiangxiang (580), and was killed by Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty. Yu Wenshu, the king of Ying, whose mother was huangfuji, became king in the second year of Xiangxiang (580), and was killed by Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty.

daughter

Princess Yuwen eying and her mother Yang Lihua.

Character evaluation

Lu Si said: "Emperor Xuan was in the East Palace at the beginning of his life, and he had already committed many crimes. Every time emperor Gaozu increased strict training, he could not modify it. At the beginning of his succession, he acted as an emotional supporter. After more than ten years, the abnormal turn to prosperity. He who indulges in wine and lust often sleeps in his home. The corner reaches Yi you, does not give up day and night. Divide your life and ask for your children. After the accumulation of the palace, to tens of millions, this stone tiger of the wind. Chongji four, and stand for the queen. Liu Cong's disorderly administration is no different from his inner master. Less in the palace, read the classics. Facing the court, they also have spirit. But I'm crazy at guessing. It's so weird. The shape and color of the clothes are different from those of the old system. The civil and military courtiers rejected the reverie. Inside and outside the door, do not let the official guard. When they went in and out, they recorded their numbers and looked at each other. However, friends at home, no simple choice. Even Changle has its ugly voice. At the end of the elephant, suddenly it was cruel. It took hundreds to flog the court officials. Back, chest and abdomen. I can't bear to see the reason of Chu poison. The ancestral temple name is taboo. Change the official name, return to the official family name. The spokes of the car are different from those of the noble and the humble, and the women's style is different from those of the superior and the inferior. There are several concubines in the back court. From day to night, the constant order of dangerous sitting relative. If there is something wrong with the Dharma, it means beating Chu. Inside and outside the wife, Shuo Wang Chao ye, are ordered to bow down for her husband, in order to show respect. I'll call myself heaven, not me. In addition, the similarities and differences between the small things, invincible. To bewitch the demons, to open up the future. " Linghu defen: "it's very important for Gaozu to know that his descendants are not talented. Stagnant love is the same as Jin Wu, but philosophy is different from Song Xuan. However, if you want to be powerful, you should use Chu to punish Su, and if you want to teach the righteous formula, is that right. When the envoys of the soldiers came to the king's residence, they were raped and poisoned. No small good will be abandoned, and no great evil will be done. The bamboo slips of the poor Nanshan Mountain are not enough to record their faults, while the pen of the eastern view is not enough to record their crimes. But you saved the leader and the son, and died Li Yanshou: "it's the most important thing for Gu Zong Yi to recognize the talent of his heirs, and it's the same with Jin Wu that the philosophy is different from Song Xuan. But Chu, which wants to be powerful, is expected to punish su. Is it the teaching of righteousness. I am very lucky that I have been killed when I have acted after I have passed away. " Wei Zheng: "the nature of Tian Yuan is fierce and strong, and its power lies in itself. It's all about the subjugation. " Yu Shinan: "the collapse of Taishan must be due to the uprooting of soil. All the twists and turns of the tree are caused by scorpion beetles. When a country is about to die, there must be evil. Ruofu Tianyuan, Zhou

Chinese PinYin : Yu Wen Yun