Wang Ji

Wang Ji

Wang Ji (year of birth and death unknown), the word Wenhai, langye Linyi (today's Shandong Linyi City North) people. He was a poet of Liang Dynasty. He is well-known in the history of poetry for his poem into the RUOYE river. If you have literary talent, you will not succeed. At the end of the Qi Dynasty, he joined the army for the champion and moved to the record room of foreign soldiers. At the end of Liang Tianjian's term, he was the king of eastern Hunan. Xiao Yi advised him to join the army and moved to China to be a doctor. Xie Lingyun, the Poetics of Wang Ji, said in the biography of Wang Ji in the southern history that "when people were salty, there were Wang Ji for leisure, such as Qiu Ming for Zhongni and Zhuang Zhou for laodan.".

brief introduction

Wang Ji

Born in a noble family, his grandfather Wang Yuan was guangluxun and his father sengyou in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was a general of Qi Xiaoqi in the Southern Dynasty. Among the Wang family members, his family background was not prominent.

At the age of seven, he was literate, studious, erudite and literate. Le'an was named after Ren Fang. Shen Yuezuo's Ode to "chanting the candle" is a great reward. Ren Fang is famous for his style of writing, Shen Yue is famous for his poetry, and he was the leader of the literary world. Their rewards and deeds should be the important reason for the popularity of Wang Ji. So, "at the end of Qi Dynasty, I joined the army for the champion line, and moved to other soldiers and recording rooms." After entering the Liang Dynasty, he once lived in the early days of Tianjian (the book of Liang Dynasty).

As his official career was not entirely satisfactory, Wang Ji believed in traveling in the mountains and rivers for his own pleasure. For this reason, he was demoted in Yuyao and Qiantang. Xiao Yi, the king of eastern Hunan, guarded Kuaiji and joined the army. During this period, he often visited the mountains of Yunmen and Tianzhu in the territory, or did not return for many months, with the legacy of Wang Xizhi, Xie an and others who avoided living in Dongshan and indulged in the landscape. The poem into the RUOYE river was written in it. "Where is the water and the air. Yin Xia gives birth to Yuan Xiu, Yang Jing returns gradually. The forest is quiet with cicadas, and the mountain is secluded with birds. I've been wandering here for many years. "

Since Xie Lingyun started his school of landscape poetry, there have been many people who describe and follow it one after another, but none of them can achieve the situation of integrating mysterious feelings into the landscape. Wang Ji's poem "cicadas make the forest more quiet, birds sing more secluded in the mountains" has the charm of Xie Lingyun's poetic style, so "at that time, I thought it was unique outside the literature" (the biography of Liang Shu) and even "the simple prose can't be forgotten; the satirical flavor of Xiao Yuan can't be recovered 。” (Yan Family Precepts) shows the great influence at that time.

As for the later generations, Wang Wei, Liu Zongyuan and many other painting theorists, who made new poems by tracing Wang's book of songs, mostly got some lessons from this poem. In the history of Chinese literature, there are many people who have established their position with an article or a poem, and Wang Ji is one of them. Later, the king of eastern Hunan was in charge of Jingzhou, and he was still invited to join the army by the government. However, Wang Ji was depressed because of his official career. When he arrived at his post, he "ignored the county affairs, drank wine every day, and sent people who had lawsuits" (Biography of Liang Shu Wang Ji). Soon, he died.

works

The original poem

Into the RUOYE River

How extensive is it? The air and water are long.

Yin Xia gives birth to Yuan Xiu, Yang Jing returns gradually.

The forest is quiet with cicadas, and the mountain is secluded with birds.

I've been wandering here for many years.

moral

This poem describes the sight of boating on RUOYE River, and contains the idea of long-term detention and homesickness. RUOYE River, located in the southeast of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, originates from RUOYE mountain (now called Huashan). It is a quiet place with mountains on both sides and abundant bamboo and wood. "Pa pa" means big ship. "Pan Pan" refers to the shape of the boat rippling along with the waves. It not only describes the width of the river, but also shows that the poet is going to enjoy the mountains and waters, which has the meaning of wandering at will. "The air and water are long" describes the clear sky and the clear river, which are in a very harmonious picture. Accordingly, the poet's carefree mood and the sense of emptiness to nature are also displayed, which paves the way for his later tiredness and homesickness. "Yin Xia gives birth to Yuan Xiu" means to look to the north, and clouds rise among the mountains in the distance, which is a long-term view; "Yang Jing Zhuo Hui" is the poet's view to the south, and the shadow of the sun seems to be chasing the tide of the backflow of the shore, and they are going with the ship against the current together. This is a close-up. When the poet entered RUOYE River, he went up the river. When the boat was moving, the water on the bank would flow back naturally. The poet combines the mountain scenery in the distance with the water scenery in the near, which not only shows the hierarchical sense of the landscape scenery, but also shows the contrast between the blue of the overcast clouds and the golden light and shade of the sunlight on the water, thus increasing the picturesque meaning of the poem. The words "Sheng" and "Zhu" turn the static scenery into the dynamic scenery, and write the life rhythm of the landscape.

analysis

"Cicadas make the forest quieter than it is, birds make the mountain more secluded" is the contrast of the quietness of the mountain forest with the dynamic writing and the drum noise of cicadas and the song of birds. The poet puts the quietness of the mountains and forests in the noise of cicadas and birds, and sees the quietness in the movement. In the presentation of the quietness, the mountains and forests are full of vitality, which makes the nature more beautiful and amiable. This kind of artistic technique of writing silence with sound and silence with noise was innovated in Wang Ji, which also shows that the development of landscape poetry at that time was becoming mature. This kind of art dialectics has a profound influence on the poetry after the Tang Dynasty. Many poets follow this art law and create more moving poems. For example, in Du Fu's poem, "the spring mountain has no company, but the Dingding mountain is more secluded." he often wrote about the seclusion of the mountain temple, which is "all sounds are silent, only the sound of bells and chimes". Wang Wei wrote about the stillness of the mountain stream, which is "the moon startles the mountain birds, singing in the spring stream.". These are set off by the sound of quiet, often can obtain the unique charm of the artistic effect. Wang Anshi, a poet of the Song Dynasty, also wanted to go against this idea and write that "the eaves of the grass sit relatively all day long, and a bird does not sing, and the mountain is more secluded", but it finally makes people feel that they are poor in skills. The mountain is quiet when it comes. If a bird doesn't sing, it will be quiet. How can the mountain be more quiet? In fact, it's a contest against art dialectics, which can't achieve extraordinary effect. The last two sentences of the poem are the meaning of the poet because of the scenery. "Tired Tour" does not refer to tour, but refers to the official tour of being an official all the year round. Since Xie Lingyun, this kind of emotional structure pattern of returning to seclusion is almost the same as that of Southern Dynasty poetry creation. On the one hand, Wang Ji has followed this kind of pattern. On the other hand, because of the turmoil of the times and the sinister officialdom, the idea of returning to seclusion will naturally come into being after relaxing.

relevant

RUOYE River

It is a famous stream in Shaoxing. There are green hills beside the stream, clear springs in the stream and picturesque scenery on both sides. It is said that there are 72 tributaries of RUOYE river. From Pingshui to the north, the water of 36 streams flows through Longhe and converges at Yuling. Then it is divided into two streams. One branch turns to the West and flows into Jianhu Lake through Jishan bridge. The other branch goes north to Sanjiang sluice and enters the sea, with a total length of 100 li. The source of RUOYE river lies in RUOYE mountain. There is a deep pool at the foot of the mountain, which is said to be "qiaoxianmatan" in Li Daoyuan's shuijingzhu. The former site of the pond has gone into the pingshuijiang reservoir built in 1964. There are many fish and gulls in the reservoir area, and the scenery is beautiful. RUOYE river flows through Pingshui Town, which is famous for its rich pearl tea. After liberation, Pingshui Copper Mine was built. According to records, as early as 2400 years ago, Xue Zhu once offered advice to the king of Yue: "if the river of RUOYE dries up and copper comes out.". After that, ouzhizi made his sword here. There are zhupushan and Ouzhi Dajing sites near the present Pingshui Copper Mine.

The RUOYE River, which is full of poetic and picturesque flavor, makes the literati and scholars of all dynasties forget to return.

The famous sentences of Tang Dynasty poet Dugu Ji, such as "mountains are verdant, two streams are shallow", Meng Haoran, Li Bai, and Qiu Wei, vividly depict the beautiful scenery on both sides of RUOYE river. In addition, scholars such as Cui Hao, Yuan Zhen and Liu Changqing in the Tang Dynasty, Wang Anshi, Su Dongpo and Lu You in the Song Dynasty, and Wang Shouren, Xu Wei and Wang siren in the Ming Dynasty all went boating in RUOYE, leaving a lot of beautiful poems and essays.

Chinese PinYin : Wang Ji