Wang duanshu

Wang duanshu

Wang duanshu (August 24, 1621 - after 1701), born in Shanyin, was a famous poet in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. She was named Yuying, yingranzi and qingwuzi. She was the third daughter of Wang siren, a famous scholar in the Ming Dynasty.

Wang Youding, a good friend of Wang duanshu, describes in his biography of Wang duanshu that "duanshu was born with graceful appearance and intelligent nature."

Wang duanshu wrote a lot of works in her life, including 30 volumes of Yinhong Ji, liuqihengxin wucai yilou Ji, Mingyuan Shiwei, Mingyuan Wenwei, yuyingtang Ji, Shiyu, yilou Ji, wucai Ji, Hengxin Ji, liuqiji, imperial concubine Kao of past dynasties, etc. the only remaining works are Mingyuan Shiwei and Yinhong Ji.

Life of the characters

Ming Dynasty

In the first year of Tianqi (1621), Wang duanshu was born in Shanyin, Zhejiang Province on July 8 (August 24). Note: Wang Youding, a good friend of Wang duanshu, wrote a preface in his book "the poetry of celebrities" that "duanshu was born on July 8, xinyouqiu."

In 1625, Wang duanshu began to receive a good education and study with her brother. Wang duanshu watched the drama shancai and imitated the plot inside. She took her mother as Guanyin and worshiped her.

In the sixth year of Tianqi (1627), Wang duanshu listened to her father's story about Xianyuan in ancient and modern times. Moreover, Wang duanshu likes to play the games played by boys. She often takes paper cutting as the military flag, takes her mother as the commander, and her maidservant as the general. Then, Wang duanshu pulls the flag in the team to command. His father Wang siren said with a smile, "why don't you be the number one girl?" Wang siren taught her four books and Mao poetry.

In 1631, Wang duanshu traveled with his father, which improved Wang duanshu's insight and laid a good foundation for the later completion of Mingyuan Shiwei. (Note: Wang duanshu said that "Yu Shiling was a former doctor in baimen, and he once saw him.")

In 1633, Wang duanshu went to Jiujiang with his father, Wang siren. During that time, he was attacked by bandits. If Wang siren wanted to defend the city, he would send Wang duanshu back to his hometown. But Wang duanshu resolutely refused and wanted to defend the city with his father.

In 1637, Wang duanshu married Ding shengzhao, the son of Ding Qianxue, a good friend of her father Wang siren.

In 1640, Wang duanshu's mother-in-law Li passed away.

In 1641, Wang duanshu's husband Ding Zhaosheng formed an association. Wang duanshu wrote a collection of the Mid Autumn Festival League.

In February 1643, Wang duanshu returned to Shanyin, Zhejiang Province with her husband Fuling. In July, Wang duanshu's father Wang siren and Xu Renlong donated money to revolt, and her husband Ding shengzhao served as the supervisor.

Qing Dynasty

In the spring of the first year of Shunzhi (1644), Wang duanshu sold her dowry to her husband Ding shengzhao and took care of her concubine Chen Suxia. Ding shengzhao dotes on his concubines, but his wife turns against him.

In the third year of Shunzhi (1646), Wang duanshu and Ding shengzhao fled to their hometown and lived in the home of their father Wang siren.

In 1649, Wang duanshu and his wife were extremely poor. They lived in Japan with the help of their relatives and friends, and created "a sigh of their own ugliness on New Year's Eve".

In the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650), Wang duanshu wrote "Gengyin, Mengdong, Shuozhi and Xinsi have food". In this year, Wang duanshu was supported by her literary friends and her life improved.

In 1651, Wang duanshu wrote the praise of yingranzi.

In 1652, Wang duanshu became an ally with a woman surnamed Xu. This year, Wang duanshu wrote "send Wu Mengzhe farewell to Mrs. sun jiemiaoyin".

In the 10th year of Shunzhi (1653), Wang duanshu and his wife's life was further improved, and they took part in some social activities. They wrote "Guisi Shangyuan Fuyi Dai ruizi Shoutu Si BIE Jia 40 first time".

In 1654, Wang duanshu moved to live in Xu Wei's Ivy reading room and wrote the song of ivy plucked by wind and rain. At this time, Wang duanshu's reputation was already obvious, and many people came to visit.

In the 12th year of Shunzhi (1655), Wang duanshu was in a poor life, so he decided to leave his hometown to find a source of income. Later, he stayed in Suzhou and got help from his friends Qian Zifang and Zhou Youyuan.

In 1656, Wang duanshu wandered outside for a long time, but she didn't get settled until she got to know her good friend Wu Shan, and got to know many celebrities through Wu Shan. What's more, it made Wang duanshu famous and her life changed greatly.

In 1657, Wang duanshu collected data for more than ten years, but it is still in the process of revision and expansion.

In the 15th year of Shunzhi (1661), Wang duanshu's fame is not what it used to be, and she participated in frequent cultural activities. Wang duanshu invited Xu Zhaoxiang to write a preface and Qian Qianyi to write an inscription for the poem. Wang duanshu also wrote a preface to Li Yu's flounder.

In the third year of Kangxi (1664), Wang duanshu painted landscape, six of which were hidden in the Palace Museum.

Since then, Wang duanshu lived in seclusion. According to Chu Yue Lou Jian Wen, Wang duanshu died more than 80 years ago. It can be inferred that Wang duanshu died after 1701.

Fallacy and controversy

Fallacy part

Date of birth of Wang duanshu

According to Guo Ling's research on Wang duanshu and Zhang Min's research on Wang duanshu, Wang duanshu was born in the second year of Tianqi (1622) It is also recorded in the chronicle of Wang siren: "in the fourth year of Chongzhen, Mr. Xin Wei, 57 years old, was promoted in February to be the head of the business repair Department of the southern Ministry of industry June to baimen. " In 1631, Wang duanshu was ten years old, so it is estimated that she was born in 1622. According to the second: "Yin Hong Ji Ying ran Zi Xiao Xiang Zan", it is said that "at the end of Gengyin season, Xinmao started at the age of one half of Huajia", that is to say, in the year of Xinmao (1651), Wang duanshu was 30 years old.

In fact, the date of Wang duanshu's birth is based on clear historical data. Wang Youding, Wang duanshu's good friend, wrote a preface in his book "the poetry of celebrities" and wrote "the biography of Wang duanshu", which recorded that Wang duanshu was born on July 8, Xinyou autumn, and his dream of God was born It is proved that Wang duanshu was born on July 8, the first year of Tianqi (1621). First of all, Wang Youding is a good friend of Wang duanshu, and this is a biography for Wang duanshu. It is put in the preface of Wang duanshu's book, and the source of information must be reliable.

Guo Ling and Zhang Min only see the year, ignoring the month. According to 1: to baimen, it is June, and Wang duanshu was born on July 8, so Wang duanshu will turn 11 next month. According to the second: Xin Chou starts at the age of one year, half of his armor. The beginning of the year is the beginning of the year, and Wang duanshu's birthday is on July 8, which should be a year and a half. Therefore, Wang duanshu said that age is the first half of Huajia.

Therefore, it can be concluded that Wang duanshu was born on July 8, the first year of Tianqi (1621), while Guo Ling and Zhang Min's paper only roughly calculated the year, ignoring the month, so there was a mistake.

Wang duanshu's ranking

Guo Ling's research on Wang duanshu and Zhang Min's research on Wang duanshu wrote: Wang duanshu The second daughter of Wang siren, a famous scholar and writer in Ming Dynasty.

In fact, Wang siren has six daughters, and Wang duanshu is her third. Although many authors have written that Wang duanshu is the second daughter, the ranking of Shen Lian's "Xiaoti Yisong" in the late Ming Dynasty, which was engraved by Wang siren's sons-in-law, is evidence. Wang siren wrote a preface to the book, while his son-in-law printed the book at the moment and signed it in the order: "son-in-law Chen Shuzhe, Zhu Zengqi, Ding shengzhao, Chen Yichun, Zhang Yuan, Zhang Ning, Jian Gong and Zheng". Therefore, the second son-in-law is Zhu Zengqi, Ding shengzhao is the third son-in-law, and Ding shengzhao is Wang duanshu's husband.

Controversial part

The year of Wang duanshu's death

In the early Qing Dynasty, Wang duanshu's death was recorded in Chu Yue Lou Jian Wen and other books.

Modern overseas scholars infer from the early Qing Dynasty poetry that Wang duanshu died about 20 years after Kangxi.

personal works

Wang duanshu's works are very rich, including 30 volumes of Yinhong collection, yuyingtang collection, Shiyu collection and collection of staying in a suitcase without talent; textual research on emperors and concubines of past dynasties; articles and poetry manuscripts of Minghuan Shiwei and Minghuan Wenwei are almost lost, but among the manuscripts of Ranzhi collection, there are Qiuchong Fu, he Fu and Ju Fu handed down. Zhu Jia listed her as a female calligrapher of Qing Dynasty in the history of calligraphy. Lin Wenzhen, a woman painter and poetess in Putian, Fujian Province, in the Qing Dynasty, praised Wang duanshu for her talents in her poem "painting on the autumn orchids and sending them to yingranzi".

Main achievements

Wang duanshu's most important contribution lies in the compilation and evaluation of female literature. The book "the poems of celebrities" Collected Poems and CI works of gifted ladies with different identities in different dynasties, which opened a precedent for female writers to select female works in literary history. In addition to the rich content of the selected works, Wang duanshu also revealed her views on poetics by means of Mingyuan Shiwei. It not only comments on poets and works, but also learns from the standard of selecting poems that Wang duanshu's poems should have such poetic theories as "temperament and style", "charm and interest", "plainness and nature" and "removing fat and powder". Besides the poetics theory, Wang duanshu also pointed out that all the poems of Tang Dynasty had their own merits, and it was not necessary to take the standard of poetry selection of the prosperous Tang Dynasty alone.

Creative features

Characteristics of literature

1、 Good at learning from the ancients, images and allusions

Looking at Wang duanshu's poetic theory, she opposed to blindly following the ancients, but she was not quite satisfied with the prevailing custom of respecting the prosperous Tang Dynasty at that time. But she is not blindly against the ancients, but emphasizes learning from the ancients, which makes her poetic theory scientific and complete. This is also clearly reflected in Wang duanshu's poetry creation. She uses the poems of her predecessors, but it is not superficial

Chinese PinYin : Wang Duan Shu