wang changling

wang changling

Wang Changling (698-757), a famous frontier poet, was a minister in Tang Dynasty.

Kaiyuan 15 years (727), Jinshi and, granted school Shulang, moved to Longbiao county. He took part in the examination of erudite macro Ci, taught Sishui County Wei, and was exiled to Lingnan. At the end of Kaiyuan, he returned to Chang'an and was granted the title of Cheng of Jiangning County. During the an Shi rebellion, he was killed by Qiu Xiao, the governor of Bozhou.

Wang Changling has deep contacts with Li Bai, Gao Shi, Wang Wei, Wang Zhihuan and Cen Shen. His poems are well-known for the seven Jue poems, especially the frontier poems, which are known as "master poet" and "seven Jue master". He has six volumes of Wang Jiangning collection.

Life of the characters

Learning Taoism in Songshan

In 698, Wang Changling was born in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province.

Gengshen (720), 23 years old, lived in Songshan to study Taoism.

In the 11th year of Kaiyuan reign of Tang Dynasty (723), he was 26 years old. Around that year, he went to Bingzhou and Luzhou.

Name of frontier fortress

In the 12th year of Kaiyuan, Jiazi (724), 27 years old, went to Helong and left Yumen. His famous frontier poems were written about this time.

Bingyin was 29 years old in 726. He lived in seclusion in shimengu, Lantian County, Jingzhao Prefecture. This is the year when he wrote the book "play with my younger brother in Nanzhai, and remember Shaofu Cui in Shanyin". "Shanyin Cui Shaofu" is Cui Guofu.

Jinshi Ji

In the 15th year of Kaiyuan (727), he was a Jinshi and was awarded the title of secretary of the provincial school.

At the end of Xin Dynasty (731), 34 years old. In Chang'an, he became an official with erudite words, and then moved to Sishui County, Henan Province.

In the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733), he was 36 years old. In April of that year, he attended a banquet in Chang'an.

In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734), Wang Changling chose to be erudite and excellent in CI, so he changed his post to Sishui County captain, and then moved to Jiangning Cheng.

Make friends with Zuo Qian

In the 26th year of Kaiyuan, Wuyin (738), 41 years old, was banished to Lingnan.

In the 27th year of Kaiyuan, Jimao (739), 42 years old, was returned to the north by Amnesty.

In the 28th year of Kaiyuan (740), Wang Changling returned to the north, visited Xiangyang and visited the famous poet Meng Haoran. Meng Haoran was suffering from gangrene and soon recovered. They were very happy to meet each other. Meng Haoran had a relapse of gangrene due to eating some seafood, and died of it. During this period, Wang Changling met the great poet Li Bai again, who wrote the poem "sending Li 12 from baling". In the winter, Wang Changling left Beijing for Jiangning as an official. At this time, he met Cen Shen, a famous poet. Cen Shen wrote a poem "send Wang dachangling to Jiangning", and Wang Changling also wrote a poem to leave. When passing through Luoyang, he also went on an outing with poets such as Qi Wuqian and Li Qi, and left poems.

In 744, he was 47 years old and served as a governor in Jiangning. In April, he came to Chang'an for a while and joined Xin Jian, Li Bai and Wang Weiguo.

Tianbao seven years Wuzi (748), 51 years old, this year, official Jiangning Cheng before and after a total of eight years. In the same year, Chang Ling was demoted from Jiangning Cheng to long Biao Wei. Chang Ling's first trip to Longbiao from Jinling is basically to go back to the river. He once visited Nanling by the way and wrote "to Nanling to answer Huangfu mountain".

He was killed because he was jealous

In July, suzong ascended the throne Lingwu and changed yuan to de. bingshen (756) was 59 years old. About this year, he left Longbiao and returned to his hometown. He went to Longbiao, crossed Chenxi, passed Wuling, and took a boat to the east along the river. After July and August this year, there were poems such as farewell to Sima Taishou and farewell to Wuling Yuancheng.

Ding you (757) was sixty years old. Between the winter of 756 and October of 757, Wang Changling passed by Bozhou and was killed by the governor of Bozhou, Lu qiuxiao.

Literary achievements

Summary of achievements

Wang Changling's 181 poems are mainly composed of five ancient poems and seven unique poems, with the themes of parting, frontier fortress and palace resentment. In terms of quantity, system and subject matter, Wang Changling's poems are not as good as Li Bai, Du Fu, Gao Shi and Cen Shen, but the quality of his poems is very high. The frontier fortress poetry can be combined with Gao Shi and Cen shener. After the four outstanding poets, there are almost no frontier fortress poetry. After Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty changed the system of government troops into the system of conscription, the literati set off a craze to join the army in order to win the frontier service. In the 13th year of Kaiyuan, Wang Changling traveled in the northwest, had a deep experience of frontier fortress life, and created a lot of frontier fortress poems. At this time, cen can was 11 years old, and Gao Shi had not yet begun to live in the frontier fortress. Later generations successively verified that Wang Changling was the founder and pioneer of frontier fortress poems.

Wang Changling's frontier fortress poems are good at capturing typical scenes, with a high degree of generalization and rich expression. It not only reflects the main melody of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, but also describes the scenery of the frontier fortress and the scene of the frontier battlefield in detail. At the same time, it can capture the delicate inner world of the soldiers. His poems have wide artistic conception, mellow language, graceful and harmonious tone, and are thought-provoking. He has high attainments in oestrus, scenery and freehand brushwork. Wang Changling's palace resentment poems can compete with Li Bai's, and they are unique in their deep intention, wonderful scenery, sharp comparison and strange language creation. Wang Changling's boudoir poems express the sorrow of those imperial concubines who have been closed for a long time in the spirit of compassion. They show their life and emotional world in many aspects with delicate brushwork, reveal their tragic fate under the cruel funeral system, and objectively criticize the crime of destroying women in the feudal society. On the other hand, as far as artistic expression is concerned, Wang Changling carries forward the gorgeous and elaborate expression techniques of the Six Dynasties and inherits its formal beauty. Therefore, Wang Changling is known as the first person who successfully wrote palace CI with seven character quatrains.

Poetic form

Five ancient strictness

Wang Changling's five ancient books are basically written in a solemn and solemn manner, with high ancient vigor and strong character. When he was alive, he was famous for his poetic style in the Tang Dynasty. In Wang Changling's five character poems, it is not difficult to see that they have distinctive features, diverse styles and different aesthetic styles. First, vigorous and unrestrained, vigorous and heroic. Second, it is beautiful, elegant and free. Hu Yinglin's shisou once divided the development of the five ancient dynasties from the early Tang Dynasty to the prosperous Tang Dynasty into two schools, namely the so-called "source of ancient elegance" and "School of Qing Dan", and classified Wang Changling and others into the former. Thirdly, it is pathetic and gloomy. Wang Changling's life experience is closely related to his heroic picture, which is gradually replaced by the picture of seclusion and loneliness. And this deep and pathetic style is also reflected in the poems that the poet described to witness the desolation and darkness of the side curtain and the rough and bumpy official career. Fourth, fresh and lively, natural and clear. It is commendable that Wang Changling is depressed and sad despite the so-called "boiling slander, two channeling reverie". However, the poet is not always in pain, always depressed, but from time to time out of business, desolate, and thus also created some quite fresh and natural, lively style of the five ancient poems.

Seven wonders in beauty

In the early Tang Dynasty, there were only seventy-seven of them, and in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, there were 472 of them, of which seventy-four were by Wang Changling, accounting for almost one sixth. Wang Changling was a middle-aged poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and he wrote seven unique works early. He was the "seven unique masters" who wrote a large number of seven unique works and achieved outstanding achievements among the poets in the Tang Dynasty. Because of his and Li Bai's efforts, Qijue gradually became a popular genre in Tang Dynasty, so he was as famous as Li Bai in Qijue. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the number of Qijue was only less than that of Wulu. From this, we can see that from Qijue to Wang Changling, the system was established and the technique of expression was fully mature, which had a great influence on later generations.

Poetry content

A summary of the theme

Wang Changling's seven character quatrains can be divided into three categories in content, which all have their own characteristics. Among them, frontier fortress poetry is the first and boudoir complaint poetry is the second.

The first is the frontier fortress poems which follow the old theme of Yuefu. Gao Shi and Cen Shen have always been the leading frontier poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Both of them are good at long songs, high and exciting, cen magnificent. However, Wang Changling found a new way to express all kinds of feelings in short quatrains, including the ambition of "not to break Loulan but not to return" (No. 4 of the seven songs of joining the army), the joy of victory of "having reported to capture Tuguhun alive" (No. 5 of the seven songs of joining the army), and the sorrow of missing relatives in front of the desert wind and under the Great Wall moon The soothing nature and bright syllables have become an enduring masterpiece.

The second kind is the boudoir complaint poems and palace poems which express the maid's feelings of thinking about her. On the other hand, Wang Changling showed his high artistic ability of depicting women's inner feelings under the feudal system in his palace Ci and boudoir resentment. From the appearance, the court life is so quiet and charming: "Xigong night is quiet and fragrant" ("Xigong Chunyuan") and "Hibiscus is not as beautiful as beauty makeup" ("Xigong Qiuyuan"), but in the beautiful scene, the poet delicately describes their deep inner pain, their longing for happiness, their disappointment, and their complex psychology of hope. The long Li style of these works, the condensed language and the profound sentiment make it difficult for later writers to win.

The third is farewell poems. Wang Changling had a lot of friends in his life. He had contacts with many scholars, officials, hermits, monks and Taoists. Especially when he was demoted twice and lived in exile for many years, how much he needed the comfort and warmth of his relatives and friends. He also dedicated his loyal and deep friendship to those honest and intimate friends. He wrote more than 40 farewell poems in his life, which are unconventional and extraordinary. His farewell poems can be divided into the following aspects in terms of expression techniques

Chinese PinYin : Wang Chang Ling