Wang Zheng

Wang Zheng

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Wang Zheng (1571-1644) was a scientist of Ming Dynasty. He was named Liangfu, Kuixin, a man, a son and a Zhili old man. He was born in jiandanbao, Yingcun village, Wenfeng Township, Luqiao Town, Jingyang County, Xi'an Prefecture in Ming Dynasty. During the reign of Tianqi and Chongzhen, he served as the official of Guangping Prefecture in Zhili, the official of Yangzhou Prefecture in nanzhili, and the official of Shandong Province. He was one of the earliest Catholics in Shaanxi Province, and devoted himself to teaching Western learning.

Wang Zheng played an important role in the introduction of Western science and technology into China in the late Ming Dynasty. In his early years, he loved antiques and machinery. Before he became an official, he developed hydraulic, wind and load-bearing machinery, and wrote "new made utensils". Later, together with the Swiss missionary Deng Yuhan, he compiled the illustration of the strange vessels in the Far West, which was published in 1627. This paper mainly describes the statics knowledge of the western ancient and Renaissance, including geocentrism, gravity center and its solution, water volume, floating body volume, specific gravity, simple machinery and their combined use. The illustration of the strange vessels in the Far West is the first compiled work on Western mechanics in China. Wang Zheng has made great contributions to the dissemination of Western science and the promotion of cultural exchanges. He is known as the "king of the South and the north".

Life of the characters

Wang Zheng's father was a private school teacher who was good at mathematics. His uncle knew the art of war and was good at making instruments, which had a direct impact on his later enthusiasm for learning western science and technology and engaging in invention and creation. Wang Zheng has been living in a foreign country since he was seven years old. He has a close relationship with his foreign family since he was a child. His Uncle Zhang Jian is a famous Confucian scholar in Guanzhong. In the 13th year of Wanli, Wang Zheng, 15, married his aunt Shang's niece. In the 22nd year of Wanli, Wang Zheng was elected. In October of the 42nd year of Wanli, Diego Pantoja, In this book, Wang Zheng was given a book from a friend. After reading it, he was deeply moved and even "took the book of Qike everyday and set it on the bedside to show.". In the year of 44, Wang Zheng failed in the examination in Beijing, but he had to personally contact Pang, and he learned the Catholic doctrine of "fearing heaven and loving people". Wang's Christian name is Philippe. in the second year of Tianqi, he became a top three Jinshi, and was 52 years old. Since Wang Zheng had been baptized at that time, he wrote to his family immediately after he became a scholar in the middle school. He warned them not to marry concubines for him. He said, "today's accession to the throne is a gift from God. Do you dare to sin against God for what God has given you? Because he won the first prize after ten examinations, and it happened soon after his baptism, Wang Zheng believed that his accession to the examination was due to the silent blessing of God. In June of the second year of the apocalypse, Wang Zheng granted the Tui official of Guangping Prefecture in Zhili. Later, the whole family went together. Although his wife, Shang family, had many sons, they all died of pox and only two daughters survived. Wang Zheng, under the circumstances of "his wife and daughter are sincere, his younger brother and nephew are weeping, and his father's orders are strict", was relaxed. Therefore, in the third year of Tianqi, he married Shen family (1609-1678), who was only 15 years old, as his concubine, hoping to have a son to continue the incense. In March of the fourth year of the apocalypse, Wang Zheng's stepmother passed away. In the spring of the fifth year, Wang Zheng, who was in Ding you's hometown, invited jinnige to teach in Sanyuan, where he stayed for nearly half a year and baptized his family. Since marrying a concubine has always been regarded as a felony by the bishop in Huatian, Wang Zheng realized that he was guilty. He asked the priest Jin and others to help him solve the crime, but they were not allowed to do so. He said, "if you don't go to the end of the crime, it's hard to solve the crime."! Wang Zheng regretted and decided to marry his concubine for atonement, but Shang tried hard to keep her. Shen also cried bitterly and said that he was willing to enter the church and keep his virginity. He vowed to die and refused to remarry. In September of the first year of Chongzhen, Wang Zheng's father died of illness. The following year, Zheng Zhen, Wang Zhengqi's good friend of the same year, wrote an epitaph for his parents. In his essay "asking for the epitaph for his father", he said that he had adopted Yongchun, the second son of his eldest brother Hui, as his heir. Wang Zhengqi might use this method to get rid of the pressure of being an heir. Wang Zheng later adopted Yongshun, the third son of Ji Di Che, as his heir. Therefore, in his essay "analysis of the self narration of the book of essays of Zhu" written for Fenjia in the 12th year of Chongzhen, he claimed that he had written two pieces of the book of inheritors, which should be collected by the two sons. In February of the fourth year of Chongzhen reign, Wang Zheng, who was fully satisfied by Ding you, was granted the military discipline of Liao Dynasty under the recommendation of sun Yuanhua, governor of Denglai, to assist sun's military training, who was also a Catholic. In the same year, Kong Youde led his troops to rebel in Wuqiao. In the first month of the fifth year, he fell into Dengzhou city. After sun Yuanhua attempted to commit suicide, he was captured by the rebels together with Wang Zheng and other officials. In February, Kong Youde used Geng Zhongming's plan to release sun Yuanhua, Wang Zheng and others to return to the court. In July, sun Yuanhua was abandoned, and Wang Zheng was lucky because his friends came to Tingjia to Zhaoxue for him. Instead, he sent the guards nearby to confiscate him. At that time, the court tried the case as wailang, a member of Shandong Department of the Ministry of punishment. Later, Wang Zheng was pardoned and returned home. According to the biography of Shen in the annals of Luqiao Town, at that time, he was "worried about the state affairs, conquered thieves, and never entered the inner room all his life". In fact, the main reason for his "not entering the inner room" was to avoid aggravating the crime of violating the religious rules. Or because she and Wang Zheng had only a short normal marriage life, she never gave birth. At this time, Wang Zheng became more devout in Catholicism, and raised money to build Jingtian Pavilion. In December of the ninth year of Chongzhen, Wang Zheng, who was 66 years old, made up his mind to solve his marriage problem thoroughly. He published an article entitled "the first draft of praying for an explanation of sin". He admitted that he had seriously violated the ten commandments. He also said that he was more ashamed and regretful about the fact that he had declared that he would not marry a concubine in the miracles of Miguel Zhangzi's response and the daily copy of kouduo From now on, Shen will be regarded as a guest friend, and he will break his color in order to solve the crime. However, like Yang Tingyun, Wang Zheng only regarded the Shen family as a "different place" instead of abandoning it. Therefore, after Wang Zheng's death, the Shen family was still required to manage the housework for the Wang family. In October of the 16th year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng was captured in Xi'an. Wang Zheng heard that Li Zicheng wanted him to be an official, so he first inscribed the tombstone, saying, "a scholar of the Ming Dynasty served as a political official in Shandong Province, and served as a royal supervisor of Liaohai military affairs. He also wrote the words" pure and pure, devoted to God, and there is no doubt about his loyalty and filial piety. "Fu Yongchun, his son, was ready to commit suicide in the Catholic Church, He claimed that he wanted to "thank my Lord with his neck blood.". After Li Zicheng's emissary Guo arrived, Wang Zheng pulled out the Koryo sword he was wearing and wanted to commit suicide. The emissary came forward to grab the sword. During the pulling, the emissary hurt his hand and bled blood. He was furious. He wanted to hold Wang Zheng to do it. After Yongchun's plea, the emissary was Yongchun's return visit. Wang Zheng said to his son, "I will die on my behalf and die filial; I will die on my own and die loyal. Although we can't help regretting it, my son is willing to die with loyalty and filial piety, as sweet as Yee! He died on the fourth day of the third month of the seventeenth year. Wang Zheng's tomb is located in Guandao village, zhangjiaao Township, Sanyuan County, 60 kilometers north of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province. It's a Ming Dynasty tomb. When the local canal was built in 1962, the steles on the tomb were destroyed and the tomb was razed to the ground. In 1990, the cultural relics department made a real-time repair of the tomb seal. The tomb is 3 meters high and 25 meters long at the bottom. Now it is a key cultural relic protection unit in Shaanxi Province. After Wang Zheng's death, Shen also wanted to go on a hunger strike to die for his husband. At that time, Yongchun Fang took his father's place in the thief's house, and the Shang family became ill at the news of the change and was dying in bed. Therefore, the Shang family asked the Shen family to "save a life" to deal with the affairs of Wang Zheng and the Shang family, and to take care of the descendants of the Wang family. When she had to, she was forced to eat, but she was determined to break her hair and disfigure her face. For this reason, Wang Zheng's cousin Zhang Bingfen called her "a young woman who is quiet and devoted to him, especially among the little stars.". As the family of Wang had fallen, Shen began to spin and sew for his family. In a few years, Shang passed away. Yongchun also died in the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi. Since then, the Shen family has been raising her two grandchildren independently. When she was 70 years old, Wang juiyan, the sun's son, asked the famous officials in the village to congratulate him and offered him a cup of soup. When she saw this, she was very sad. She claimed that she had suffered humiliation and lived secretly because her mother was supporting her orphan, but now the responsibility was over, so she did not eat and died. Wang Zheng believed in Buddhism in his early years, but after his mother passed away in the 23rd year of Wanli, he occasionally saw that "one son became an immortal, and nine ancestors ascended to heaven" in the book of Taoism. He wanted to repay his family's kindness by understanding Taoism, so he turned to Taoism for more than 20 years. He also compiled many Taoist books, such as notes to the book of changes, baizipai, chapter on distinguishing Taoism, biography of yuanzhenren, xiaxue, and liaoxindan At the same time, he still has close contacts with monks. When Wang Zheng was 52 years old, he was a Jinshi in the examination. He once served in Guangping Prefecture of Zhili (now Southeast of Yongnian County of Hebei Province), Yangzhou Prefecture official, and Liaohai military affairs under the supervision of Shandong Province. When he was an official in Yangzhou, he refused to pay homage to Wei Zhongxian's ancestral hall, Wang Zheng and another man from Sanyuan, Shaanxi Province. At that time, it was known as "two strengths of guanxi". At the end of Ming Dynasty, Jianzhou rebellion and bandits were rampant, which made many people of insight strongly advocate practical learning, hoping to enrich the country and strengthen the army. Wang Zheng wrote to the emperor in his capacity as a Juren when he took the entrance examination to Beijing. He was willing to serve the country with "military service in cloth" and actively prepare for war. Later, referring to the ancient military books, he wrote a book called "military treaty". Soon after, he wrote another book, Ke Wen, which specifically put forward the general plan for defeating the enemy. Before Wang Zheng became an official, he wrote books and lectures in his hometown, studied Neo Confucianism, and began to improve and discover some farm implements and daily utensils. His scientific achievements in this period were later included in the book "the illustration of new made utensils", and the works of Neo Confucianism "Liang Li Lue" and "Bian Dao Shuo" were all completed in this period. During his decades in Beijing, Wang Zheng met Matteo Ricci, an Italian missionary

Chinese PinYin : Wang Zheng