Xiong Bolong

Xiong Bolong

Xiong Bolong (1616-1669), a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, was born in yanzizui, Hongyan village, Zhashan street, Caidian District, Wuhan city. In the fifth year of Shunzhi, he took the Shuntian rural examination by Bagong, ranking first. In the sixth year of Shunzhi, there were one and two Jinshi, who successively served as the editor of the Academy of national history, the minister, the Imperial Academy's sacrificial wine, the cabinet bachelor and the Minister of rites. There are Wu He Ji and XIONG Shi Wen Ji.

Atheist

Xiong Bolong, an atheist master

There is Xiong Bolong's tomb in Daji street, Caidian District, Wuhan city.

Zhongling street is the south exit of Daji Town, extending southward to reach national highway 318. It's not prosperous. It's obviously developed from a "township highway" paved with asphalt. However, due to the strong expansion momentum of Wuhan Economic Development Zone, it is gradually "urbanized". Rows of residential commercial buildings are springing up in the east of the road.

Xiong Bolong's tomb is like an emerald, quietly inlaid on the west side of Zhongling street. Here is the south slope of a mound called xinshoubao. The tomb faces south, with a rectangular courtyard, 25 meters wide and 30 meters long, covering an area of about 1000 square meters. Standing in the center of the courtyard, the tomb is 2.5 meters high and about 5 meters in diameter, surrounded by four layers of bluestone. The tombstone is 1.7 meters high and the base is 0.3 meters high. It is engraved with five running script characters of "Xiong Bolong's tomb", with elegant handwriting. On the tombstone, two lines of regular script are engraved, the former is "the top of the list of self ugly subjects before the imperial Qing Dynasty granted the posthumous degree to the Chinese doctor", and the later is Xiong's birth and death year "1616-1669"; the next is the year of reconstruction; "reestablishment in 1998." It was funded by Wuhan Municipal People's government.

I got here on June 1st. The cemetery is covered by green grass and "full of vitality". In front of the tomb, there is a path leading to a village. In the west of the tomb, it is close to the houses. In the middle of the tomb, there are green bamboos. Among the bamboos, the most prominent one is a tall acacia tree. The shadow of the tree covers most of the cemetery. Among the numerous branches, there are pink Acacia flowers. Countless petals fall in the cemetery, which adds a little poetic flavor here. Because it is located in the edge of the main road and market town, although the grass is deep in the tomb, it doesn't feel the unique silence and desolation of the cemetery.

Personage introduction

What is Xiong Bolong?

There is a little information on the tombstone: "before the emperor Qing Gao granted the posthumous title to the Chinese doctor, he was ranked first in the Department of ugliness.". In fact, this line of characters is the so-called "fame" that the ancients attached great importance to. "Huangqing" is a term used by the people of the Qing Dynasty. We usually say "Qing Dynasty"; "Gaoshi" refers to the title granted by the imperial court with Gaoming. There are two words, one is to prove its legitimacy, the other is to have a kind of pride of "supreme glory"; "Zhongfu" is the official name, and the Zhongfu of the Ming and Qing Dynasties is from Sanpin; Shi "is the title awarded to him by the imperial court after his death," Shixue " "Shi" means that he was awarded the title of "Bachelor" by the state after his death; "Qian Ji Chou Ke" refers to the imperial examination in the sixth year of Shunzhi (1649), because Xiong Bolong died in the reign of Kangxi. Kangxi was Emperor for sixty-one years, during which there was also a year of "Ji Chou". In order to distinguish between them, he added the word "Qian" and "bang Yan", which was the second best in the country Two. However, based on the information on the tombstone, it is not difficult to find that Xiong Bolong is just an ordinary feudal bureaucrat. Why is he listed in the ranks of "Wuhan celebrities"?

Xiong Bolong was born in yanzizui, Hongyan village, Zhashan street, Caidian District, Wuhan city. Many local old people have seen the bear family's old house, which has disappeared. In his later years, Xiong Bolong took the name "Zhongling" to show his nostalgia for the ancestral home of Jinxian County, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province. There are two shining points in Xiong Bolong's life, one is his political fame, the other is his academic achievements.

Let's start with his political fame.

Xiong Gong, the great grandfather of Xiong Bolong, was appointed as a small official in charge of the fuse of the palace of Chu in Ming Dynasty. The palace of Chu was located in Wuchang City. His grandfather Xiong Shizhang came to Hubei with his great grandfather. After his great grandfather died, Xiong Shizhang lived in Hanyang and finally settled down in zhashanbao, Hanyang Prefecture. Xiong Bolong's father, Xiong Mingsheng, was a Juren in the first year of Tianqi (1621) of emperor Xizong of the Ming Dynasty. However, he seemed to have a strong personality and could not adapt to the official entertainment in the capital. Because of his disagreement with others, he returned to Hanyang. He married Ren, had two daughters and three males, his eldest son Bolong, his second son zhonglong and his third son Shulong.

In his youth, Xiong Bolong's life was rough and his family suffered a lot. His father died when he was 16 and his grandfather died when he was 23. In his poem crying for his great father, Shizhong and his uncle, Xiong Bolong said: "it's 16 years since he lost his father. In seven years, his father left again. When his father died, there was an old father. When his father died, there was no child. The two great relatives are sad. In the past, when my father died, five boys and five girls were infatuated with each other. It's amazing that the three men hold their sons in their arms and have a negative ambition. " At the age of 27, when Zhang Xianzhong's uprising army captured Wuchang, Ren took refuge in his little daughter's home. One day, he arrived, and his mother and daughter both died in the rebellion. (after Xiong Bolong became a Jinshi, Ren was presented as Shu Ren, and later Jin Dynasty presented a product.)

However, Xiong did not neglect his studies. As a son of an official family, he knew the importance of studying and becoming an official. According to the records of Zhashan Town, Xiong Bolong was smart since he was a child, and he was good at poetry and prose. When he was young, he studied hard at Songyang temple in Hanyang. He never slacked off. Because he was diligent and self-motivated in his study, at the age of 9, he could recite the history of six classics and various poems and essays by heart, and he was qualified as a scholar. When he was 11 years old, his teacher wrote on the topic of "benevolence in the world". He forgot to eat and sleep, changed his draft several times, and finished it overnight. After that, he studied Confucianism with famous teachers and concentrated on it. It is said that Xiong Bolong "studied in Xishan Mountain for a quiet month, suddenly realized, and then was full of literary thinking.". In his youth, he traveled to Jianghan, gathered 22 poetry lovers in Jianghan area, organized "Search Club", honed day and night, and focused on the study of practical application.

Xiong Bolong was diligent and studious all his life, and left us a story of "drinking ink". It is said that Xiong Bolong studied hard when he was a boy, often to Jiming. His mother felt sorry for his son and was afraid that he would suffer from hunger and cold. One night, she sent him a plate of steamed buns and a plate of sugar and told him to eat them while they were hot. Then she went out of the study. After a while, his mother went into the study again to see if her son had eaten. When she saw that the steamed stuffed bun had been finished, a dish of sugar was still on the desk. When she saw that her son's mouth was black, she couldn't help laughing. It turned out that Xiong Bolong only read books. When eating steamed stuffed buns, he unconsciously dipped the ink in the inkstone pool as sugar. There are many similar cases in history, which is almost a copy of Marshal Chen Yi's similar story. About once someone gets ahead, often others will follow some stories to mystify it.

Life of the characters

In 1648, Xiong Bolong, 32 years old, took part in the provincial examination held in shuntianfu (Beijing) as a scholar and won the first prize. In the sixth year of Shunzhi (1649), he won the first and second place of Shunzhi's own ugliness with the article "Tingshi CE", and the second place of the imperial court. He won the top of the list of Jinshi, and was specially awarded the editor of Hanlin Academy. This is the second place in Hanyang area in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The first place is Xiao Liangyou in the eighth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1580). Although there were ancients before, there was no one after.

In fact, Xiong Bolong's ability to win the first place in the exam seems to have a bit of "luck" besides his own ability. Shunzhi Yichou examination was the first imperial examination held after the Qing Dynasty overthrew the rule of the Ming Dynasty. At that time, ethnic conflicts were still very sharp. A group of dignified Han intellectuals often went away in seclusion and were not used by the rulers of the Qing Dynasty, which virtually reduced the pressure of competition. Those "hermits" were disgusted and even hostile to Xiong Bolong, who took part in the imperial examination in Qing Dynasty. The reason why Xiong Bolong didn't "hide" may be that he was born in the troubled times of the late Ming Dynasty, and his father could be regarded as the "deserter" of the Ming Dynasty, so he didn't have much feelings for Gu Ming; and his mother died at the hands of the "rebel army", which made him not like the "rebel army". As a devout scholar and the eldest son of his family, if he wanted to revive his family, he had to take the road of imperial examination.

Xiong Bolong's official career should be plain sailing. He taught the Academy of national history as a editor, the Imperial Academy as a sacrificial drinker, and as a Bachelor of Arts. Finally, he died as a Bachelor of cabinet and Minister of rites. The Qing Dynasty "Jiaqing Hanyang Fu Zhi" recorded: "the emperor deeply pity it, give burial hometown." It is said that he once served as the teacher of Emperor Kangxi, which made many people give him the title of "imperial teacher" when they publicized Xiong Bolong. But what Xiong Bolong deserves to say most politically is that he should still be "the top three in one list". The so-called "three number one candidates in one list" refers to the fact that three of the candidates who have been admitted in the local examination have won the first place in the palace examination. This can best reflect the vision and ability of the examiners, is the ideal state of the examiners, is also a once-in-a-lifetime story.

"Listening to the rain congtan", written by Fuge of the Qing Dynasty, recorded: "the rural examination in Jiawu of the 11th year of Shunzhi. It is Xiong Bolong, the chief examiner of Zhejiang branch, who edited Hanyang. The Deputy examiner gave Xu Zuomei, the new town of Shizhong, the top three in the list: Shi Dacheng, Yan Wusi and Cai Qifu. "

Among them, Shi Dacheng was the number one scholar in Shunzhi 12 years. He was the first number one scholar in Zhejiang Province in the Qing Dynasty. Before he became the number one scholar, there was a saying among Zhejiang people that the number one scholar in Zhejiang Province in the Great Qing Dynasty "began in history and ended in the bell." During the palace examination, his paper was considered the third by the examiners. When the emperor looked at it, he highly praised his calligraphy, saying: "this man's regular script is neat, and he must be a gentleman." So he was appointed number one. Ingenious

Chinese PinYin : Xiong Bo Long