Li Yan

Li Yan

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Li Yan (?)? In the Ming Dynasty, he was born in qinglonggang, Qi County, Kaifeng, Henan Province (now huangtugang, Qi County, Kaifeng). He was originally a member of the Ming Dynasty in the year of Ding Mao. Later, he defected to Li Zicheng. He was framed by Niu Jinxing and was wrongly killed.

Life of the characters

Li Yan was an important general of the uprising army in the late Ming Dynasty. Li Yan was an important figure in the history of the late Ming Dynasty. Li Yan, formerly known as Li Xin, was born in Fuqi County, Kaifeng, Henan Province, and was born in the year of Tianqi's Dingmao. His father, Li Jingbai, was the governor of Shandong Province and the Minister of the Ministry of war. In the early years of Chongzhen, he was punished as "a close servant, a second-class servant, an apprentice for three years, and a Redeemer for the people". In the officialdom of the late Ming Dynasty, this was nothing. Therefore, Li Jingbai's reputation in his hometown is not bad. Although he was demoted to the people, the Li family is still one of the top gentry and rich owners in Qi county.

Li Yan studied very hard and won the exam at a young age. It is said in a brief introduction to the north of the Ming Dynasty that he was "talented in civil and military affairs". From his later military practice, it is true. Such a young man of literary talent and military strategy was probably rare at that time. He is generous and forthright in nature, and often helps the poor; he also likes to fight against injustice and uphold justice. His character is like a swordsman in the Jianghu. He likes to make friends very much. He has a good reputation in Qi county. People call him "Master Li".

Later, he became a family and married Tang. Tang was born in a wealthy family in Qi county. He was knowledgeable, virtuous and virtuous. He was a beautiful lady from a big family.

He is an intellectual who is known as "civil and military talent" and "benevolent and righteous". In the 13th year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng broke out of Yufu mountain in Brazil (today's east of Fengjie County in Chongqing, the ancient city of Kuizhou), rode from Yun county and Jun county to Henan, and Li Yan joined the uprising army. In Volume 23 of the northern strategy of the Ming Dynasty, it vividly describes the scene when Li Zicheng and Li Yanchu met: Li Yan said to Li Zicheng, "hate the evening of the audience", and Li Zicheng said to Li Yan, "go a long way, and you will be more and more lonely and cautious.". Li Yan said, "the general's virtue lies in the people, and he is willing to follow the vanguard." Li Zicheng said, "with the help of the dragon, the tiger, the Great Tao, the hero and the great strategy, he will be able to work together with the orphans to achieve a righteous cause, and he will be the pioneer of entrepreneurship.". It is clear from this that they had a very opportunistic talk, and they really hate to see each other too late.

Li Zicheng started out as a rebel of starving people. His life was broken and he was a vagrant. Li Zicheng used Li Yan's tactics to pacify the people, and was able to build Dashun into the capital. After Li Zicheng entered the capital, his military discipline was so bad that he didn't need Li Yan's advice to appease the officials and gentry of the former Ming Dynasty, which led to his hard foundation. When Dashun army heard that "pigtail soldiers are coming", it was defeated immediately. Under the attack of the Qing soldiers and Wu Sangui, Li Zicheng withdrew from the capital. On the way, Li Zicheng believed Niu Jinxing's slander and killed Li Yan. His troops became centrifugal and lost his base in Henan Province. Li Zicheng became a vagrant again and was killed by Cheng Jiubo, a villager, when he robbed food. alas!

During the reign of Chongzhen, the Ming Empire was in the end of its tether. The tyranny of the Ming Dynasty was better than that of the tiger. In addition, there was a severe drought in the world, so the people had no chance to live. They took risks and rose up. Under the continuous natural and man-made disasters, Henan people are struggling on the line of death. Even so, Qi county magistrate song is still urging people to collect money and food, which makes people miserable. The tragedy of the common people makes Li Yan, who is kind-hearted in nature, unable to sit by and ignore him. He resolutely goes to see song and asks for the people's orders in Qi county. But the magistrate of Song county only needs to be responsible to the superior and keep his own Wusha. He will not care about the life and death of the common people. Li Yan, helpless, went home and took out more than 300 stones of grain stored at home to help the victims. Li's family only lives by collecting rent. In the disaster year of locust drought, it is obviously a drop in the bucket. Li Yan wrote a song of persuading relief and took it to the rich families to encourage relief. The song says:

"In the past few years, locusts have been suffering from drought frequently, and they have not been able to chew the grass.

The price of rice has risen several times, and the people are in a dilemma.

Grass roots and leaves fill the belly, children cry to each other.

The dust in the cauldron and the smoke in the kitchen are gone. It's hard to get a porridge for several days.

When the government collects food, it is worse than the tiger. When the rich ask for debts, they are like wolves and jackals.

Poor breathing, soul first buried in spring soil.

Skeletons and skeletons are piled up all over the place like mountains.

Can not teach the number of line tears, tears also become blood spots?

Taicang's bounty is endless.

The dead bones are reborn by education, and they are good at living a sense of heaven and earth.

Heaven and earth selflessly protect good people, good people are virtuous and blessed.

He has made great contributions to helping the poor and the poor, and has made great contributions to the future generations. "

This incident fully reflects Li Yan's chivalrous heart, but also has some scholar spirit. The rich people have always been unable to offer more than they can afford, but now they have to turn it around. How can they agree? Therefore, "persuading relief" has no effect at all.

Not long after the disaster relief, a spectacular event happened in Qi county. It is recorded in No. 197 biography of Ming history that "the red lady will be killed, the letter will be captured, and the body will be forced."

After Li Yan joined the gang, he advised Li Zicheng to "respect the virtuous and courteous people, get rid of the violent people" and "practice benevolence and righteousness, forbid soldiers and carnage, and win people's hearts in order to achieve great things". It is particularly worth mentioning that Li Yan knows some of the secrets of public opinion. He sent people to dress up as businessmen and spread the rumors among the people: "the teacher of Chuang Wang's benevolence and righteousness is not to kill or plunder"; he also made up Nursery Rhymes for children to sing everywhere: "open the door to meet Chuang Wang, and don't accept food when Chuang Wang comes", "open the door early to worship Chuang Wang, and everyone will be happy with discipline.". It was in this year that the hungry people in Henan, who were crying for food, looked like the clouds of drought, "for fear that they would not succeed" and "tens of thousands of people would succeed"; Li Zicheng walked out of the low ebb of the reclusive Shangluo Mountain and showed a bright turning point in front of him. It can be said that Li Yan made great achievements in the glory of the peasant uprising army 13 years after the reign of Chongzhen.

Unfortunately, after entering Beijing, Li Zicheng did not mind Li Yan's admonition. His style of "being able to accept people's good words" and "conspiring with others in everything" is gone. Just when Niu Jinxing and Liu Zongmin were intoxicated with the sound of gongs and drums, Li Yan once admonished four things and put forward different opinions. Among them were two important suggestions, namely, serious military discipline and appeasing Wu Sangui and his son. This was originally a good medicine and sobering agent, but what was Li Zicheng's attitude? In other words, he criticized the book and said "I know", but he did not carry it out. Finally, he made an irreparable mistake.

Because of his foresight, Li Yan made many enemies in the army. Li Zicheng ordered people to kill Li Yan.

As for Li Yan's ending, it is recorded in a brief account of suikou: after the defeat of Dingzhou, it is said that the whole territory of Henan surrendered to the army of Ming Dynasty. Li Zicheng was shocked and discussed with his subordinates. Li Yan volunteered and was willing to lead 20000 elite soldiers to Zhongzhou. The nearby counties would not dare to act rashly any more. Even if there were those who dared to riot, they would be able to pacify it as soon as possible. Another Counselor Niu Jinxing asked Chuang Wang to agree to Li Yan's request. Chuang Wang didn't answer at that time. Soon, Chuang Wang was afraid that Li Yan had another plan. At this time, Niu Jinxing asked Chuang Wang to find an opportunity to get rid of Li Yan and get his approval. The next day, Niu Jinxing, in the name of Li Zicheng, called Li Yan to the military camp to drink, arranged an ambush in the camp shelter, and Li Yan and his brother Li Nian were arrested and killed at the same time.

Historical records

In history, the relationship between Li Yan and hongniangzi remains to be studied. There are some records of Li Yan and hongniangzi in Wumingshi's Taowu Jinzhi and wumeicun's Luqiao Jiwen. Red lady is not mentioned in Gu Yingtai's chronicle of Ming history, Peng Sunyi's Pingkou Zhi and Ji Liuqi's Ming Ji Bei Lue. Some scholars believe that Li Yan is a fictional character. Zheng Lian, a native of Henan Province who participated in the Dashun army, denied that Li Yan was in Qi County in the chronicle of the changes in Henan Province. There was an article "Li Gongzi Bian" in Kangxi's Qi county annals, which denied that Li Yan was the son of Li Jingbai, and even denied the existence of Li Yan. To sum up, Li Yan should be a historical figure invented by later generations, and there is no real existence.

But in recent years, we found Li's genealogy written by Li Yuan Shanxiu in Tang village of Bo'ai County, Henan Province in the 55th year of Kangxi reign of Qing Dynasty. It says that Li Yan is a real person, not from Qi County, but from Hanoi (today's Bo'ai). He just lived in Qi County for a short time. His uncle's name is Li Chunyu, and his word is pure white. It's not Li Jingbai, the famous Minister of the Ministry of war. Li Mu is his cousin.

Chinese PinYin : Li Yan