Tamarix paniculata

Tamarix paniculata

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Pan Tam, the founder of Yongjia's "four spirits" Poetry School

Before the Song Dynasty, there were few famous poets in Wenzhou, especially those who had their own theory and style of poetry. The only one who could occupy a place in the literary world was Yongjia "Siling" School of poetry in the Southern Song Dynasty. Pan Tam, the poet, is the founder of Yongjia "four spirits" poetic school.

Ye Shi said: "Yongjia poetry, are the virtue of a long time." Dejiu is the word of pan. The Ming Dynasty Xu Xueju's Zhao Shixiu, a record of the famous sages in Zhejiang and Zhejiang, has clearly stated this: "since Qian (Taoism) and Chun (XI), the learning of Yi and Luo has been carried out, and all the Confucians have paid close attention to each other's Classics, poems or aspirations. They can't take enough as they used to, so it's suitable for human body to experience sound diseases and to regulate Lv. Pan Tamarix was first created as a poem of the Tang Dynasty, while Shi Xiu (Zhao) and Xu Zhao, wengzuan, and Xu Ji searched for the remains of the poem, worked day by day and word by word, which led to the popularity of Tang style. " "This is to say: since the early Southern Song Dynasty, due to the rise of Daoism by Zhou Dunyi and Er Cheng, the literati, influenced by Daoism, have attached great importance to justice rather than literature and art, instead of experiencing the appropriateness of sound sickness and temperament. Pan TA opposed this practice and began to imitate the style of poetry in the late Tang Dynasty. Later, Zhao Shixiu, Xu Zhao and other "four spirits" inherited his legacy and passed through the "four spirits"

The late Tang poetry style prevailed throughout the country.

A new generation of poetic style

Pan's family

Pan Tam, with the word Dejiu and the name zhuanan, was born in Yongjia County, Wenzhou, Zhedong road in the early Southern Song Dynasty. He was born in Nanxi. At that time, pan and Dai were the famous families of Nanxi in Yongjia. Pan's parents include pan wenrao, Wenxiao, Wenli and so on. They all became officials one after another. Pan Wenhu, Pan's father, was the number one scholar of Wu in the late Northern Song Dynasty, and was recorded in the county annals of Wenzhou. Pan had a poor literary fortune and failed in the rites department many times. He had to rely on his father's kindness to teach military officers. He once served in the military service of Jiankang (now Nanjing City). Later, he passed the examination and was promoted to a higher rank. Around the 16th year of Chunxi, he went to the state of Jin with his envoys, and was promoted to be under the jurisdiction of Fujian soldiers and horses after returning home. Due to the lack of relevant historical materials, his life story was obliterated. Most of the above are collected from his friends such as Ye Shi, Xu Jizhi and Lu you.

Pan Tamarix's hobby

Pan likes to roam around. Ye Shi said, "the river and lake are full of waves for a long time He wrote a lot of poems, which made him famous. His collection of poems was named Zhuan An Ji, but it was a pity that this book had been lost for a long time. It is Ye Shi who quoted two poems in his preface to Zhuan An Ji, which are still in existence. It is transcribed below to see a spot. when he was sent to the state of Jin, there was a song "shangguishan Temple": cauliflower blooms to recognize the foundation, but the monks in the deserted house could not bear to leave. Temple Fu bingding should have a number, the shore is divided into North and south, the most sad. The golden bell tower is like Xiangyu, and the iron Buddha also frowns in front of the wind. The wild craftsman didn't know what he was going to do, so he tried to grind the Bo Mo tablet. some people don't understand the poem "on the golden bell tower, like Xiangyu". According to the interpretation of the book of Jin, the biography of fotucheng, Ye Shi believes that Tucheng, a monk, used the golden bell sound on the tower to summon the courage of shile (the ruler of the late Zhao Dynasty in the 16 states of Wuhu) to capture and kill Liu Yao (the ruler of the late Zhao Dynasty in the 16 states of Wuhu, the Hun). Ye Shi also quoted a couplet from the poem titled diaotai by Pan Tam. Tidiaotai is a famous poem, which has been quoted in Song Shi Ji Shi and some poetry talks of song and Ming Dynasties. Its poem is: cicada crown may not be like sheep fur, and its source is familiar at that time. But if the sun and the moon are to be depended on by the princes, I might as well lie in the woods and hills. The poem praises Yan Ziling's seclusion to Fuchunjiang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, but it also has its own taste of unwilling to be an official and a little grumbling. Pan is famous for his wandering in the rivers and lakes and his poems are so famous that he has many friends, including famous poets Lu You and Jiang Kui (Baishi). When pan Tamarix was sent to the state of Jin, there was a poem "send pan Dejiu to Jimen" in volume 20 of Lu You's Jiannan poetry manuscript. There was a sentence in the poem: "because you try to find a way out, Mengjin white horse should be the same as before." Mengjin was the place where King Wu of Zhou made an alliance with the princes, and the white horse was the sacrifice (sacrifice) during the oath. It shows that Lu and pan have strong patriotic feelings. Ye Shi has a good friendship with Pan Tamarix, and there are still poems in today's anthology, which send pan Dejiu to work in Nanjing. In addition, there are seven unique three poems of "mourning for Dejiu Pangong, who was appointed by Lu qiansheren". There is a sentence in the poem that "the old is only a few new words, the nine original evokes Wei Suzhou". Compared with Wei Yingwu, a poet of Tang Dynasty, his poems are simple and simple. The closest friend with pan is Yongjia.

Pan is not only a poet but also a musician

There are 69 poems and 74 poems in Xu's collection of stories about Zhai. From these poems, we can get a glimpse of Pan's various situations. For example, in the poem "listening to zhuanan playing the piano", we can see that pan is not only a poet, but also a musician, with excellent piano skills. From the book pan Dejiu edition wall, we can know that Pan's life was poor and poor. His poem is: "old friends have poetry, there is still room, there is no grass, tripod, no meat. Poor drive to near the door, step under the moss pregnant cold jade Xu Jizhi is one of the country's top military officers and Vice Prime Minister. He is an official in charge of military and political power. Xu and pan are so close friends that it is not a problem for Xu to promote pan. But judging from these poems, pan didn't ask Xu to lead or promote pan. They are pure friendship, which is worth learning.

Poems of Pan Zhizhi

From chuyang back to Wuyi town

Pedestrians do not hate long-distance, off the horse flag Pavilion wine can be sold. Looking back on Langya Mountain, the west wind blows the black bean fields.

Lou Shunzhang

The chicken head is used to cook lotus in a new way, and the Phoenix cluster is more fresh. on a clear night, old friends and friends arrive, and the boat carries wine.

Seeing friends around Jinling

Wine to tan Yu Yi turn new, north wind a Ge under the cold Jin. He knows from afar where Bai Xia ascends the building, and he owes Huang Chu a sentence. Many years of memories, old travel like stars. in the middle of the mountain, the sun is bleak and the temple is desolate

Second rhyme for Lu fangweng

Thin rattan White ramie bank black yarn, with the division of reward spring collar things China. Xigu three rafters rest house, South Lake area near planting flowers. My eyes are dim, my heart is full of chrysanthemums, and my lung is thirsty. I often borrow tea. He goes to bed early when he has nothing to do. He wakes up as a poet when he clears the lamp.

Jianxu court

The wind friendship is lofty. It was not close in the past. It is hanging on a couch to be an expert. He used to speak Donglai dialect in those years, but today he is rather afraid of being poor in northern Ruan. the plum blossom of the world has wild water, and the horse head has no yellow dust. when to carry wine from you, before lingjiu peak to borrow early spring.

brief introduction

Pan T'ang (1131-1209), the son of Pan Wenhu, the number one military scholar, was born in Yongjia in the Southern Song Dynasty. According to Wenzhou Fu Zhi (Volume 20), "he was happy to be a poem in his life and became famous. Yongjia's poems of the Tang Dynasty started from T'ang and had zhuanan Ji.". In the preface to zhuanan collection, Ye Shi said: "Yongjia's poems are all based on virtue for a long time." "Wanxing Tongpu" (25) also said: "Yongjia said that Tang poetry began from Tamarix." Although "Yongjia" here refers to "Yongjia four spirits" poetic school. The so-called "Tang poetry" refers to the modern style poetry in the middle and late Tang Dynasty.

Reasons for advocating modern style poetry

Why did pan Tam advocate the modern style poetry of mid late Kang? In this regard, Xu Xueju's biography of Zhao Shixiu, a famous scholar in Zhejiang Province, points out that emperor Xiaozong of Song Dynasty lived in the reign of emperor Qiantong and Emperor Chunxi (1165-1189). "Lian and Luo's learning method and practice, all the Confucians to poor classics, poetry or ambition, take enough to stop, as in the past, the human body sound disease, Lu appropriate also. Pan Tamarix was first created as a poem of the Tang Dynasty, while Shi Xiu, Xu Zhao, wengzuan, and Xu Liji searched for his legacy and practiced every word, which led to the popularity of Tang style. " "The Xiao of Lianluo" is the Neo Confucianism of Zhou Lianxi, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi. It explains Pan's advocacy of Tang poetry. The first line is dissatisfied with the Neo Confucianist's idea of "taking Taoism as poetry". Therefore, ye Dao's active support and advocacy of "four spirits" poetry are also aimed at this kind of literary view of Neo Confucianism. As Liu Kezhuang said, "Neo Confucianism flourishes in modern times, but poetry is bad, but the four spirits in Yongjia return to words and chant bitterly." (preface to Lin zikun's poems reflects from one side the opposition and struggle of "Yongjia studies" such as Cheng Zhujin's in literary and artistic thoughts. Qian Zhongshu pointed out in his Anthology of Song Poetry: "the poetic style of Yongjia Siling started from Pan Tamarix and was strongly advocated by Ye Dao. It is fully expressed in the works of "four spirits". "This is in line with the actual situation." Pan Tamarix was once awarded "Fujian military seal" in the Shaoxing period (1131-1162). (Song Shi Ji Shi, Vol. 59) "Bing Qian", or "Bing Ma Qian", is a Wuhan official who participated in the drama. Therefore, "try to march northward from the envoys." Ye Shi wrote in his poem "seeing pan Dejiu off": "when you hear that the general of Tao Dao is just like him, you might as well have Tao Qian in the shogunate." It is this kind of scene life that is portrayed in the preface to Zhou Huiqing's poems, which also says that he is "romantic in the river and the lake, and he can sing in any place. He himself once said," I travel half the world. "This kind of life experience not only deepened his experience and feeling of real life, but also increased his dissatisfaction and aversion to the Southern Song Dynasty. In the poem" reward Zhaojiang ", he once advised his friends not to be bound by the official position of the court:" if you are bound by an official, you can still give me my freedom. My heart loves the music of the southern rivers and lakes, but my eyes can't help looking at the dust of wealth. "In the poem" to Jiang Baishi ", it is even more obvious that" the official position in the world is like PU. ". It's also a doctor. "In his opinion, officialdom is like a gambling house. His indignation is beyond expression. This can be said to be the ideological basis of his deep friendship with Jiang Baishi, a famous poet who has never been an official in his life. Jiang Baishi once traveled to Yongjia in the period of Kaixi (1205-1207) and wrote the song of shuidiao, which says: "relying on langgan, two or three sons, the total immortal talent. Regardless of the main Lang five horses, quite recall Xie Sheng double exhibition, department director moss It shows that they don't admire wealth, but think about the taste of wandering in the landscape. And this "two three sons" includes his good friend pan Tamarix.

old age

In his later years, pan was poor and indifferent

Chinese PinYin : Pan Cheng