Hai Rui

Hai Rui

Hai Rui (January 22, 1514 - November 13, 1587), with the name of Ruxian, was born in Qiongshan, Hainan Province. Ming Dynasty was a famous honest official. Hai Rui's life has experienced four dynasties: Zhengde, Jiajing, Longqing and Wanli.

In the 28th year of Jiajing (1549), Hai Rui took part in the mid-term examination. He was appointed as a teacher in Nanping County, Fujian Province. Later, he was promoted to Chunan County, Zhejiang Province and Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province. He carried out the policy of cleaning up the father-in-law, balancing taxes and punishing unjust, false and wrong cases, and cracking down on corrupt officials. He has successively served as a magistrate of the prefecture, head of the household department, head of the military department, Shang Baocheng, general administrator of the two capitals, and censor of youjindu. He cracked down on the powerful, dredged the river, built water conservancy projects, advocated severe punishment of corrupt officials, prohibited taking bribes for personal gain, and carried out a whip law to force corrupt officials to return to the people.

In 1587, Hai Rui died in his official residence in Nanjing. He was given the title of Prince Taibao and posthumous title of Zhongjie. After Hai Rui died, the legend about him was widely spread among the people.

Life of the characters

Family background

Hai Rui's ancestor was originally from Fujian. In the Southern Song Dynasty, a man named Hai Qiu moved from Fujian to Guangzhou. Hai Xunzi, the great grandson of Hai Qiu, was the commander of Guangzhou Wei at the beginning of Ming Dynasty. Hai son, son of Hai son, came to Hainan Island in 1383 (sixteen), and left his registered residence in Qiongshan county. Haikuan, the son of Haita'er, once served as the magistrate of Songxi County, Fujian Province. There are five nephews, Haicheng, Hailan, Haihan, Haipeng and Haimai. Among them, Haicheng official went to Sichuan Road to supervise the censor, and the other three people, including Ju. Hai Rui's father, Hai Han, is nothing but a student.

Haihan married Xie, who gave birth to Hai Rui on December 27, 1514. Four years after Hai Rui was born, his father Hai Han died. From then on, orphans and widows depended on each other and barely made a living on the dozens of acres of land left by their ancestors. Xie has a strong character and is strict with Hai Rui. He is not allowed to play like other children. Hai Rui has studied the book of songs since he was a child. He is determined to be a good official in the future if he is an official. He does not seek personal gain, flatter the powerful and dignitaries, and is upright. Therefore, he calls himself "Gang Feng". He means to be strong, upright and not afraid of evil.

When Hai Rui was studying, Wang Shouren's theory was in vogue. The main points of Wang's theory were not only idealism, but also the positive aspects of advocating the unity of knowledge and action, and the unity of theory and action. Wang Yangming also advocated "sincerity" and opposed the hypocrite style of "Rural wish". These had a great impact on Hai Rui's future.

Middle school entrance examination

In the 28th year of Jiajing (1549), Hai Rui took part in the local examination and wrote an article "the policy of governing Li". In this article, Hai Rui proposed to open the cross roads, set up the counties and cities, and stand by the generals and the soldiers to prepare the road. This year, Hai Rui was elected.

In 1550, Hai Rui went to the capital to take part in the examination. During this period, Hai Rui once again reiterated his strategy of ruling Li to the central court. This proposal did not attract the attention of the imperial court. Hai Rui failed in the meeting. In 1554 (the 33rd year of Jiajing), Hai Rui, who failed in the two examinations, decided to give up the imperial examination. In March of the same year, the Guangdong Provincial chief executive appointed Hai Rui to Nanping County, Yanping Prefecture, Fujian Province as an official teacher in ancient China.

Hai Rui advocates that students should respect their identity and not kneel down to the superior officials. During his teaching period, the imperial censor of the imperial court visited the county school (the school where ancient Chinese scholars studied). Other teachers knelt on the ground to announce their names, but Hai Rui bowed and saluted, saying: "when you go to the Yamen where the imperial censor is, you should perform the subordinate etiquette. This school is a place for teachers to educate students, so you should not bow down and salute."

New to officialdom

In 1558, Hai Rui was appointed magistrate of Chun'an. He saw that "the rich enjoy three or four hundred mu of property, but the households have no tax, the poor have no income, and the tax difference of one hundred and ten Mu" is "uneven". He decided to clear up the land again and stipulate the tax burden. In this way, the burden of the peasants in Chun'an was lightened, and many of them returned to their hometown. In addition to the Qing Dynasty, Hai Rui also carried out Baojia law in Chun'an, determined difficult cases, set up social schools, and so on.

Hai Rui lives a frugal life. He wears a cloth robe and eats coarse grain and brown rice. He lets his old servant grow vegetables for himself. Hu Zongxian, governor of Zhejiang Province, also told others the rumor that Hai Rui bought two Jin of meat for his mother's birthday. Once, Hu Zongxian's son passed by Chun'an County, angered the post officials and hung them upside down. Hai Rui said: "in the past, governor Hu inspected various departments and ordered that the places he passed by should not be oversupplied. Now this man has plenty of luggage. He must not be Hu Gong's son. " Hai Rui confiscated the money he had with him and sent a horse to report the incident to Hu Zongxian. Hu Zongxian did not punish Hai Rui.

In 1560, Yan Maoqing, a member of Yan Song's party and imperial censor, went on a tour of salt administration in Zhejiang and Huaihe provinces. Hai Rui tries to fight against it. According to the record of Ming Dynasty and the biography of Hai Rui in the history of Ming Dynasty, when Yan Maoqing passed through Chun'an, Hai Rui not only provided poor food and wine, but also declared that the county government was too small to accommodate a large number of chariots and horses. Yan Maoqing was very angry. However, he had heard of Hai Rui's name for a long time, so he had to stay away. But according to Liang Yunlong's Haizhong jiegong Xingzheng, Hai Rui pointed out that Yan Maoqing was thrifty and extravagant, and his words and deeds were inconsistent. So Yan Maoqing stopped passing through Chun'an County, and even bypassed other places in Yan Prefecture. After the event. Yan Maoqing ordered yuan Chunzhi, the censor of salt inspection, Hai Rui and Huo Yuxia of Cixi County to commit crimes. Huo Yuxia, the son of Huo Tao, the Minister of rites, is also a man who is frank and upright and does not flatter Yan Maoqing. Although Hai Rui was blameless, he still lost the chance to be promoted to Jiaxing Tongtan and went to the Ministry of officials to listen to the dispatch.

In December 1562, with the help of Zhu Heng, Hai Rui was transferred to Xingguo County. (the history of the Ming Dynasty made a general judgment on Xingguo Prefecture, which was wrong.) after he took office, Hai Rui made great efforts to clear up his land. During his term of office, he also wrote eight opinions on Xingguo, which focused on eliminating the accumulated disadvantages and stabilizing the people's life.

In 1564, Hai Rui was selected as the head of the Yunnan Department of the Ministry of household affairs and went to Beijing.

Shangshu jailed

In his later years, Zhu hougui, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty, did not deal with government affairs in the court. He lived in Xiyuan and set up an altar to seek happiness. The governor, the governor and other officials of the frontier pass vied with each other to offer the emperor goods with auspicious signs, and the ceremony officials always expressed their congratulations. After Yang Zui and Yang Jue were convicted, no one dared to talk about current affairs.

On February 1, 1566, Hai Rui bought the coffin in the coffin shop and entrusted his family to a friend. Then he presented the book of public order to Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, criticizing him for superstitious witchcraft, luxurious life, ignoring the government and other malpractices.

Ming Shizong was very angry when he read Hai Rui's the book of peace and order. He threw it on the ground and said to the left and right servants, "catch him quickly and don't let him run away." Eunuch Huang Jin said: "this man has always been a fool. It's said that before he went to Shanghai, he knew how to offend him. He bought a coffin and said goodbye to his wife. The servants ran around and didn't stay. He won't run away Ming Shizong was silent. After a while, he read Hai Rui's Shangshu again and again. After reading it many times in a day, he sighed and had to leave the book in the palace for several months. He once said, "this man can be compared with Bigan, but I am not king Zhou of Shang Dynasty."

In the autumn of 1566, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty was sick and depressed. He called Xu Jie, the cabinet chief assistant, to discuss the issue of abdicating the throne to the crown prince. He said, "what Hai Rui said is right. I've been ill for a long time. How can I listen to the government? " He added: "I really don't care for myself, which leads to many diseases. If I can discuss politics in the side hall, how can I be reproached and abused by this man? " So he arrested Hai Rui and put him in the imperial prison to investigate the person in charge. After the prison words were sent, they remained in the palace. There is a minister named he Yishang in the Ministry of household. He figured out that the Emperor didn't kill Hai Rui and wrote to Chen to ask him to release him. Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty was so angry that he ordered the Royal Guard's staff to punish him for upholding the 100 sticks. He was put into the imperial prison and interrogated day and night.

Xu Jie tried to save Hai Rui. A cabinet minister advocated hanging Hai Rui. Xu Jie and Huang Guang, the Minister of the Ministry of punishment, raised the pressure.

Amnesty and release

On December 14, 1566, the 45th year of Jiajing reign, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty died. Generally, he didn't know about it outside. After hearing about this situation, the principal of Tiegu thinks that Hai Rui will not only be released, but also be appointed, so he entertains Hai Rui with wine and vegetables. Hai Rui suspected that he should have been decapitated in the western market, eating and drinking freely, no matter what. Therefore, the chief executive whispered in his ear, "the emperor is dead, and my husband is about to be released from prison." Hai Rui said, "is it true?" Then he cried bitterly, vomited all the food he had just eaten, fainted to the ground and cried all night.

On December 15 of the same year, Zhu Zaiyan, king of Yu (emperor Mu Zong of Ming Dynasty), succeeded to the throne. Fengxian emperor Shizong's edict pardoned all the remonstrant ministers represented by Hai Rui. Hai Rui was released from prison, the official returned to his original post, and soon changed to work in the Ministry of war. Later, he was transferred to Dali temple and promoted to Shang Baocheng (an official specialized in managing imperial seals and seals).

In 1567, Xu Jie was impeached by the censor Qi Kang

Chinese PinYin : Hai Rui