Wang Wan
Wang Wan
Wang Wan (1624-1691) was named tiaowen, Dunan, yuzheshan Qiao at the beginning, Yaofeng at the end, and Yexian at the end. Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province) is an official, scholar and essayist in the early Qing Dynasty. Together with Hou Fangyu and Wei Xi, they are called "three masters" of prose in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. In 1655, he was a Jinshi in Shunzhi, and in 1679, he was a Ju Hongbo in Kangxi.
Profile
Wang Wan was born on the 16th of the first month of the fourth year of Tianqi of emperor Xizong of Ming Dynasty (March 5, 1624), and died on the 10th of December of the 29th year of Kangxi (January 8, 1691), the sage of Qing Dynasty, at the age of 67. Born in a family of officials, he once participated in the restoration of the society. Wang Wan is impetuous and impulsive. He is frank and frank. He can't tolerate people's faults. So many people are jealous of him. However, he is frank and honest. He is determined to be self respecting and honest. He didn't like to be an official, but was fond of reading, learning, inventing classics, studying history and learning.
Shunzhi twelve years (1655) Jinshi, once served as the head of the household department, the Ministry of punishment doctor, etc. Later, he resigned because of illness and returned home. Kangxi nine years (1670) resigned to Li. In 1679, he was invited to take an examination and learned a lot about Hongci. He was granted the Imperial Academy to edit and preview the history of Ming Dynasty. He spent more than 60 days in the museum and wrote 175 historical manuscripts. Later, he returned home from illness. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Yaofeng mountain, Taihu Lake. He wrote in private and did not care about the world.
Literary achievements
His prose is unobstructed and fluent, and he advocates that talent should be attributed to moderation, in order to echo the opening and closing, manipulate the ups and downs, and avoid disorder. The so-called "Yang's desire is high, and Lian's desire is deep" (reply to Chen AI's official letter 2). He objected to "taking novels as ancient literary words", and thought that "if it is neither elegant nor tame, then it will come back, and it is just a vulgar study" (the sequel of Ba Wang Yu Yi). This view tends to be orthodox. Generally speaking, his style of writing is influenced by Ouyang Xiu, which is close to that of the Southern Song Dynasty. In order to write Sheng Kuang Zhi, Ji Dong thought that "if the article is written in Song Dynasty, it can be traced back to Tang Dynasty. Li Xizhi (AO) is brilliant in reason, and Liu Zihou (Zongyuan) is simple and vigorous. Kangxi once praised him: "try to discuss the Confucianism of this dynasty's literature with the near ministers, first known as Mr. Shu." Li Yuandu's representative works are Chen Chushi's tomb list, Yao Feng's villa, preface to selected poems of Qi Li, Jiang Tianyi's biography, Shu Shen Tongming's biography, and preface to sending Wang Jinshi to Yangzhou.
Wang Wan was also able to write poems. His achievements and influence were not as good as his prose. He has 62 volumes of dunweng Lei draft and 56 volumes of sequel. In his later years, it was deleted into 50 volumes of Yaofeng Wenchao, including 10 volumes of poems and 40 volumes of essays.
Social evaluation
Liang Qichao and others credit Gu Yanwu, Yan ruofen and others for the prosperity of Pu Xue in Qing Dynasty. In fact, Wang Wan is also one of the key figures of Pu Xue Longxing. The author thinks that there are two sources of Wuzhong School of Confucian Classics: Wang Wan and Gu Yanwu.
Wang Wan's prose creation can be divided into two categories: the prose of classics and history and the prose of essays. Generally speaking, the articles of classics and history not only occupy most of the space, but also reflect the fundamental purport and artistic style of his creation, representing the main achievements of his prose.
As we all know, Wang Wan's writings are based on the six classics, and they are immersed in the history of Han Dynasty, and come and go among Han Yu, ou Yangxiu, Zhu Xi and GUI Youguang. Eight volumes of ancient and modern Wufu Kaoyi, one volume of mourning clothes or questions, one volume of Shiwen, one volume of Yi Jing Jie, sixty volumes of Yi Wen, Chunqiu Zayi and Chunqiu Lun (the latter three kinds are engraved in qianhou Lei manuscript and sequel, but not only in the world), inventing the study of Confucian classics, searching for the profound, examining the origin of the mirror, and being good at textual research with solid style. This is what he called "the writing of man". The preface to the collection of Mr. Wang Jingya said: "to seek for the public and the books of all kinds of literature is to spread and annotate with the auxiliary wings, and to dredge the articles of Yi, Shi, Shu, Li, and le. How many of them are from the public of literature and then trace back to Confucius? Then I know that the heaven has not lost its gentleness. It is almost as if it has been a day since Confucius. " It's also the teacher's way. From the point of view of literary creation, the achievement is far less than that of historical biography. Many scholars who had gone through the great changes advocated that history should be preserved by poetry. Wang Wan disagreed with this. He thought that poetry should express emotion and literature should preserve history. In his later years, he devoted himself to the study of history. He wrote twenty-four volumes of the biographies of the Ming Dynasty and three volumes of the Dongdu events, which are of great historical and literary value. Of course, the value of literature is not as good as his inscriptions and historical comments. Wang Wan was a good scholar of the ancient world. He praised and ridiculed many people in the world. It is not accidental that he is a good figure and talks about historical events, which is closely related to the great historical changes in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.
Fourteen historical reviews, which is close to the structure of Wang Anshi's "reading the biography of mengchang", is short, pithy and loud. It is pointed out in the chapter of princes and celebrities that the so-called princes and celebrities either return to profit, or are afraid of power, deceive fame and steal the world, which is of no help to the world. He Yan sharply criticizes the scholar bureaucrats' advocating of free talk. Compared with Liu Bangxing in Hanzhong, Liu Bei couldn't keep Hanzhong, pointing out that "the origin of prosperity and abolishment" does not lie in blood or race, but in the pursuit of good and bad in the country. All these historical reviews are of strong reality. It is obvious that the book is criticizing the atmosphere of famous scholars in the late Ming Dynasty. The article shows not only the personality of the author, but also the wanton tension. Wang Wan was good at writing epitaphs on stone tablets. Zhu YIZUN made a regular acquaintance with him at the beginning of his life. After reading his articles, he was full of praise. He asked him to write an epitaph for his father. Gu Yanwu thought that such articles were harmful to the study of Confucian classics and did not like to be written in response to others. Wang Wan also advocated Confucian classics, but he compared this kind of writing with Confucian classics. Jiang Tianyi biography, Yi Bangcai biography, Chen Chushi's epitaph, Hou Jiyuan's epitaph, Jin Xiaozhang's epitaph, Hua Fengchao's biography, and Zhou zhongjiegong's posthumous affairs are well-known for their unique narration and insight. The biography of Jiang Tianyi is about Jiang Tianyi's lamentable deeds. The image of Tianyi sacrifice his life for righteousness is real and touching. "Chen Chushi's tomb list" describes that Chen Zhenhui, a famous restoration scholar, fought against Ruan Dacheng, the remaining evildoer of the eunuch party, was on the verge of death in prison, and died of depression after the revolution. The reason of Ming Dynasty's death was the party's struggle in late Ming Dynasty. Wang Wan praises Chen Zhenhui's integrity, detests party struggle, and accuses Donglin celebrities such as Qian Qianyi, who boast that they are superior to others and suffer from their own gains and losses. The narrative comment is deep but not superficial, sharp and straight to the heart, with a strong and gloomy air flowing between the lines, which reflects the profound historical reflection and criticism after the change of generation. This kind of "jingweishi" is the combination of "Wen", "Jing" and "Dao". Ji Dong's preface to dunweng's former and latter manuscripts praises that "he was able to integrate Scripture with Tao, and his works were written in prose, which was full of thousands of words, but not contrary to the way of sages.".
Sketch Tour
Wang Wan's essays are natural and fluent. They are good at describing and expressing. They are not as simple and elegant as the classics and history. However, they are connected with them. They get rid of the habits of novelty, frivolity, clamour and arrogance, and form a simple style. Rong an Xuan Ji, Du Shu Zhai Ji Si Zi Ting Ji, Yao Feng mountain villa Ji and Jiang Yi Pu Ji have been recited for a long time. Jiang Yi Pu Ji describes the scenery of Yi Pu especially vividly. The scenery of the art garden is not complicated, but in Wang Wan's works, it makes people feel "tired". This paper not only describes the charm of the art garden with Qingjun's writing style, but also endows it with a good character. Suzhou gardens stand in rows of scales, while art gardens are the most prosperous, with guests coming everywhere. "It's important for the high and the virtuous to meet each other." at the end of the article, it says with emotion: "the gardens in Wuzhong are facing each other, most of them are decorated with civil works, and there are more than enough money for singing and dancing. That's what people like to hear! It's not enough to walk in the cold wind and turn it into a vine! What's the point Generally speaking, this kind of writing is good at making comments and has unique sense. It is pure and handsome, mellow and smart. It is integrated with the classical and historical writings in content and style. It is obviously different from the Ming Dynasty adherents' rough head and disorderly clothes and the elegant and beautiful writings of the new dignitaries in Taiwan Pavilion.
Wang Wan originated from the six classics, and his refined thinking is the essence of his writing. His words are simple and clear, and his meaning is mellow and elegant. As mentioned above, his prose of classics and history is quite close to Gu Yanwu, which not only represents a major trend of prose in Wuzhong, but also reflects the important trend of prose evolution in the early Qing Dynasty. It is a subjective separation to distinguish the two by literati's prose and scholar's prose.
Selected Poems
[Ji fucao to yuzhai]
The gate and lane are so bleak, but you walk so fast. Qingyun few old, white head fashion dust.
It's true that a man's name is wrong when he is in trouble. When we know that we are not successful, we are worried about each other.
[play Dongpo language under the moon (2 first choice 1)]
Since the autumn, the scenery is new, and you can be naive. The wind and the moon are changeable, but the idle man is the master.
[jade hook oblique]
On the desolate view of the song and dance, three thousand gorgeous buried desolate Chu. He took the treasure with him and used it as the soil under the stage of Duke Wu.
Spring River as before, brocade sail is not, dew leaves wind gradually thin. She knows where she is when she is walking in the rain, but she can only see the nymphal flying in Hengtang.
[to Wu's old friend]
Distant envy romantic Gu Kaizhi, love to renovate the pieces. Home near the green water Changzhou yuan, people in Castle Peak short book temple.
When the grass comes back to the swallow, it's time to bathe the silkworm. Spring can not accompany the tour, bitter hate wasted full temples silk.
Debate on ancient Chinese Prose
In the past hundred years, it is very popular to regard the ancient prose of the early Qing Dynasty as the pioneer of Tongcheng school. This statement is not comprehensive. Chen Zizhan's theory of ancient Chinese prose "decline and prosperity, began in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty" (P222), is very insightful. The early Qing Dynasty was an era of full prosperity of poetry, prose and CI. In order to accurately describe the prosperity of Ci, the industrialist Mr. Yan Dichang and the famous scholar Mr. Ye Jiaying talked about the "resurgence" of Qing CI. The rise of ancient Chinese prose in the early Qing Dynasty
Chinese PinYin : Wang Wan
Wang Wan
