Wang Shiduo

Wang Shiduo

Wang Shiduo (July 14, 1802 - August 3, 1889), a native of Jiangning, Jiangsu Province, was a historical geographer in the late Qing Dynasty. Wang Shiduo was born in the seventh year of Jiaqing. He was born in a broken feudal landlord family. He had been a businessman and a scholar. He was engaged in traveling and apprenticeship all his life. He died on July 7, the 15th year of Guangxu. His main works include Mr. Wang Meicun's collection, notes of regret Weng, supplement to the history of the north and the south, annotation to the water classic, etc. Wang zhenweng's Diary of B and C is one of the most popular books on China's population issues.

Profile

Wang Shiduo, born in Jiangning, Jiangsu Province (now Nanjing), was a historical geographer and book collector in the late Qing Dynasty. At the beginning, it was named Wei, with the name of Marquis of Jin, Zhen'an and regret Weng. Because he likes Wu Meicun's poems, people call him "Wang Meicun". He was born in a poor feudal landlord family. He was once a businessman. When he was young, he was an apprentice in a pastry shop. He was elected in the 20th year of Daoguang (1840).

In 1853, the Taiping army occupied Nanjing. Wang Shiduo was in the city and was incorporated into the men's camp. At the end of the year, he fled from Nanjing to Jixi, Anhui Province, and hated the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. In 1859, he was appointed as Hu Linyi's aide, representing Hu's "a brief history reading strategy" and "a complete map of the unification of China and foreign countries in the Qing Dynasty". He also communicated with Zeng Guofan and Liu Kunyi and actively planned for the suppression of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

His main works include: collection of Mr. Wang Meicun, diary of Party B and Party C, notes of meiweng, supplement to the history of the north and the south, annotation to the water classic, etc. There are only the first three kinds left, among which diary of B and C is a major work on population issues.

In academic circles, Hong Liang Ji, a population thinker in the period of Qianlong and Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty, was once compared to Malthus in China（ ThomasR.Malthus ）。

Zhao Jing, a famous historian of Chinese economic thought, believes that "Hong Liangji can not be regarded as China's Malthus, and this title should be attributed to Wang Shiduo more than half a century later." In 1994, when I was studying under Mr. Zhao Jing, he also mentioned this topic several times. Inspired by this, the author tries to make a comparative study of Wang Shiduo and Malthus, sum up their common points, and further explore the positive content of Wang Shiduo's population economy thought, which has been denied in the academic history since the founding of the people's Republic of China.

Main works

"Notes of regret Weng", "supplement to the history of the north and the South", "annotation to the water classic" and so on. Wang zhenweng's Diary of Yimao (1855) in the fifth year of Xianfeng and Wang zhenweng's Diary of Yimao (1856) in the sixth year of Xianfeng, compiled by later generations, is a book that has always discussed the population problem in China most. The book mainly reflects Wang Shiduo's view that he stood on the position of safeguarding the reactionary rule of the Qing Dynasty, hated the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom revolutionary movement and the broad masses of peasants, and advocated large-scale massacres to solve the problem of China's population.

Collection of books

When Hu Linyi was governor of Hubei, he was employed as a subordinate. In the ninth year of Xianfeng (1859), he served as an aide of Zeng Guofan. He participated in the formulation of the military plan to attack the Taiping Army and had a lot of comments on the government. After returning to Jinling in the third year of tongzhi (1864), the library was built as "brick hill". The family had a rich collection of books, and its "brick Hill library" contained more than 30000 volumes of books. Read widely, every see, are recorded in the book, up and down around, ink. He often went to the Confucian temple bookstall and Shiquge to buy books. When the Taiping army captured Jinling, he ran away with the book, but was tired of it and captured. Work in poetry, three rites. Later, he specialized in geography, and took the ancient and modern local chronicles as his research object. And with the mountains and rivers, Guansai, slope water conservancy, the record is particularly detailed. He once put forward the absurd theory of population and advocated reducing population by cruel means. His works include notes on poetry and prose, doubts on Han annals, notes on Shuijing, notes on Shuijing, supplement to southern and Northern history, notes on regret Weng's poetry, notes on regret Weng, etc.

Selected Poems

Yang Si stayed overnight

Spring mountain three two, new shoots have become bamboo. The old tenant in front of the door tied his pen and made a hut. Empty hall move Kuang bed, kitchen feed Zhai porridge. Since Yuntian's family is poor, Fu wax treats meat. Around the house many trees fir, waste garden even chrysanthemum. In times of adversity, generals are needed, and the halberds spread all over the clan. I'm sorry for my weakness, but I'm with a yellow calf. Sanhe covers the whole division, and is the blessing of Sai Weng. Last year, the wind and rain, storage rice 70 Dendrobium. Salted soy sauce is good for me. Language for a long time, the moon out of the fight, blowing grass to stay. Before the tile bottle is left on the couch, pepper and ginger are cooked with tea.

Ding Mao works in winter

Ten thousand kinds are divided into wrong ways, and the heart is the unruly horse. Hold a slow, dun bridle if Xiangye. It is clear that the meaning has been laid down. When you see good thinking, you can move, but you can't. The plain clothes were soon dyed, and the Kangzhuang village was finally abandoned. A philosopher is a man who has no desire to nourish him. If you care about it, it's just like gold in metallurgy. Zhu Jun defends the pout and defends the wind and elegance. Zhou Ding, Lei Hui and Luo SHANG Jia are distinguished by imperial duels. Yishan autumn visit monument, zhangtai spring search tile. The bamboo window and the stove are clear, and the pottery is written by rubbing the sun. There are no nine directions in the world. Who can learn from the ancients. This is a case of Ming and Luan, who help to gather Qi Si Xia. I used to travel in Jianghan, but I regret that I didn't end up with Xishe. I look at Qingchuan and think of you as white.

Yanxi brick

Fire well to burn when Yanxi, rotten rat steal country Kui handle move. The plan of the five Marquises is settled overnight, and there is no meandering slaughter. The general was domineering at that time. The emperor is brave, the emperor is filial and the emperor is weak. Only then can we know that great courage can be broken, and those who need it will never be delayed. I hope that the official will be seated on the right side of the seat, and I will act cautiously if I have a chance.

Jiande County

Ancient wood of Dongyang Bridge

For hundreds of years, the ancient wood has withered away and become frosty. Hold your head high, you can't bend outside the dust, you can't look down on the trees, they are soft and weak. The wind and snow were not moving, and the mosses were removed. Yueyueyuelinggu is elegant, and there's a spirit left to return to you in the night. Ming Tang Temple bulongdong, xumogun crown quqing class. Or for Mengtong wading the river and the sea, carrying the strong men in difficult times. As a craftsman, the stone is gone, and the good timber is decayed. Pause for the bridle, and the wild monk opens the gate. Smoke Luo wind Xiao Mei Kong Cui, Yi Nuo Yi Zhu Yan. When I'm full, I put out the candle for a rest. I dream that I'm scared by the social oak. It is said that the great divine power created the law of the world, and it is not Nanshan that holds the old law. Stream a cloud water enough to use, son of the song and pray with slander. If you worship Xie bumin again, you will not be able to climb a thousand feet. The mountain of dangzhi is thousands of miles away, and the mountain of Wangjun is still empty.

cricket

Born forced autumn, feeling when more bitter sound. It's cold in the courtyard tonight. It's my hometown. Who is the food giver, because of the deep ring fight. Call the stirrup to find you, dew grass Mo whisper.

Chiping

Mule wind calendar deer grind sand flat, take a rest dust rain suddenly clear. The courtyard is full of string songs and the late post is full of willows. He Gan control really garrison, Longshang people farming drum horn sound. There are also guests and kings on foot. Why don't you see tears everywhere.

Elegiac writing

After returning from the sea, he returned to the palace and went back to the army. In addition to the three divisions of Yuguan Tianfu, Jinchi is well-known in all kinds of battles. After all, people want to thank Fu, and sure enough, the emperor uses Wengong. When the big star falls, the hero hates it, and the smoke of five pipes shines on LingHong. Banqiao Qinghuai intersection banqiaotou, scenic sorghum bureau did not receive. In the middle of the night, Xiao and Gu played in the middle of the stream. Prosperity returns to two yellow swans, and personnel drifts to a white gull. Don't blame Du lingyao for crying bitterly. Thousands of doors are bleak in autumn. The tomb of Chen Meng, the prefect of Liu Song and an Cheng in shiheshan, North Township of Jixi, is lush and vast. Yi Mou was lucky to be Liang Chengsheng, and his lineage was written to Han Taiqiu. Imagine the tombstone of shengjinxun, which was carved with jade to protect the pine catalpa. Wan'an mausoleum by the line, a case of desolate herding. It's nice to wear a blue ox dress occasionally, but it's not like you've lived alone for a hundred years. If you don't have a horse, you can't have a spirit that doesn't repel the dust. Wang Xiancha Tongdou extremely, Gongsun Gao Ge forced stars. Longmen road is the most important part of the world. Tao Shangzhi's independent plan is concise, and he tries to figure out the virtue of Jun's drinking, and he follows the tea classic. Chaomo City South Road, are Jiangdong Chushi star. According to the old biography of Chen Songquan's Sima picture album, there are thirteen fingers, and the silver nail should be the floor. When I heard the change of head, I heard the cold rain in the bean shed.

Malthus and Wang Shiduo

Malthus lived half a century earlier than Wang Shiduo. He was the representative of the feudal aristocracy in the capitalist era, while Wang Shiduo was the representative of the landlord class in China's semi feudal and semi colonial society. Both of them represented the interests of feudal landowners. Malthus was also the founder of British bourgeois political economy. Wang Shiduo, who was in the semi colonial era, was also influenced by some aspects of capitalist thought to a certain extent. Their thoughts on population economy have the following common points.

1） It is believed that the growth of population exceeds the growth of means of living

Malthus believed that due to the limited productivity of land production and means of living, and the fact that food is necessary for human survival, coupled with the inevitable sexual desire between the two sexes, human reproduction is constantly intensified. As a result, the growth of population is bound to exceed the growth of means of living. Malthus also quantified the proportion of growth between the two. He said: "population, when there is no hindrance, increases by geometric progression rate; means of living only increases by arithmetic progression rate." written by Malthus, Wang Shiduo also has a similar view with Malthus. He believes that in the development and utilization of land resources, "the power of heaven and earth is poor," and "the number of people in the world will double in 30 years.". Although he didn't think that the means of living and the population increased according to the increasing geometric and arithmetical progression as Malthus did, he still clearly pointed out that "the floating people in the country are several times as many as those on the ground" and "if there are many people, they will be poor" (Volume 3 of diary of B and C). He believes that the growth of means of living has been less and less able to keep up with the needs of population growth. There are more people and less land, which leads to poverty. This is essentially the same view as Malthus.

2） Views on the slow growth of means of living

The growth of means of living can't keep up with the growth of population, which needs to answer why the growth of means of living is slow while the growth of population is fast. Malthus believes that life

Chinese PinYin : Wang Shi Duo