Jiang Wanli

Jiang Wanli

Jiang Wanli (from November 16, 1198 to March 19, 1275) was a national hero, statesman and educator in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Jiang Wanli has been in politics for 45 years. He has been an official for 91 years. He is honest and upright, dare to speak up when things happen, clean and honest in government, and is concerned about people's diseases. Where he went, he advised Nongsang to run schools, to help the poor, to serve education, and to manage the emperor li Zong and Du Zong. Jiang Wanli created three institutions, including Bailuzhou academy, Zonglian academy and Daoyuan academy, and cultivated 17 top scholars and 2700 Jinshi, including Wen Tianxiang, Liu Chenweng and Deng Guangjian.

In the first year of Deyou (1275), Jiang Wanli died at the age of 77. Emperor Gong of the Song Dynasty presented Jiang Wanli Taifu as a gift to the Duke of the state, and later to the grand master, with the posthumous title of "Wenzhong".

Life of the characters

Xiaohe Cailu

In 1198, Jiang Wanli was born in a scholarly family in Lintang baishuxiajiang village, Yanchang Township, Duchang County, Nankang army, Jiangnan West Road.

Jiang Wanli is intelligent and diligent. When you enter a private school at the age of 5, you can read a few lines at a glance and recite them with a little guidance. In his youth, he followed his father to study Zhu Xi's theory, especially the book of changes.

In the second year of Baoqing (1226) of emperor LiZong of Song Dynasty, Jiang Wanli won the title of the imperial examination at one stroke. His thesis "Ziyi riding alone to see a prisoner" is about making Guo Ziyi, an important official of Tang Dynasty, respect his own body. He has brilliant opinions and fresh and fluent diction, which is known as "Gaogu's essay".

realize one 's ambition

In the first year of Jiaxi (1237), Jiang Wanli, 39, became the prefect of Jizhou. As soon as he arrived, he organized the people to build irrigation and water conservancy, develop agricultural production, and vigorously set up education. Where Jiang Wanli went, he advised Nongsang and set up schools to help them in times of difficulty, to serve as moralists, and to manage emperor LiZong and Emperor duzong.

In 1240, according to the model of Bailudong academy, his alma mater, Jiang Wanli founded Bailuzhou Academy.

In the first year of Xianchun (1265), when the Mongolian army attacked Xiangyang, Jiang Wanli repeatedly asked to send troops to save Xiangyang, but he refused, so he resigned.

In April of the fifth year of Xianchun (1269), under the recommendation of Jiang Wanli, the imperial court appointed Wen Tianxiang to ningguofu.

In the sixth year of Xianchun (1270), Jiang Wanli appointed Wen Tianxiang and the bachelor's College of power.

be entrusted with a mission at a critical and difficult moment

In 1273, when the country was in danger, Jiang Wanli accepted the appointment of Hunan Province and went out to serve the country again.

At the age of 76, Jiang Wanli was once again appointed as the pacifier of Jinghu South Road and also known Tanzhou. At this time, Wen Tianxiang, his second disciple, was appointed to Hunan Province. Jiang Wanli met with his disciple Wen Tianxiang, and they were very friendly. Tianxiang admired Jiang Wanli as a man, compared with Fan Zhongyan and Sima Guang in the Northern Song Dynasty. Jiang Wanli, on the other hand, was "plain and auspicious". He talked about the state affairs and said with emotion: "I am old. When I look at the sky, people should change. I have read a lot of people. The responsibility of the world lies with you. You should encourage me to do so." Wen Tianxiang was so moved that he left again with tears.

Retreat at the right time

In the tenth year of Xianchun (1274), Yuan Hui entered the Song Dynasty on a large scale. At the age of 77, Jiang Wanli resigned and retired to Poyang. Jiang Wanli chose to settle down in Raozhou, an important place for yuan soldiers to fight for. He dug a pool at the south foot of Zhishan mountain and built a pavilion named "Shuitou", which shows his clear and open mind and also contains his complex about the decline of national fortune.

died for the country

On February 21 of the first year of Deyou (1275), Jiang Wanli died for his country. He was 77 years old. Emperor Gong of the Song Dynasty presented Jiang Wanli Taifu as a gift to the Duke of the state, and later to the grand master, with the posthumous title of "Wenzhong". The imperial court buried twelve tombs for Jiang Wanli, which were distributed all over the country.

Posterity pursues burial

In 1280, six years after Jiang Wanli's death, Liu Chenweng, a student of the Yuan Dynasty, went to Pengze, Poyang and Duchang to inquire about the news and plan to bury Jiang Wanli. Liu Chenweng wrote in "Mr. Gu Xin, the Prime Minister of sacrificial master Jiang:" I want to see the Duke, but my tears are blurred. A man is not childless, but has a son and a younger brother. Don't send any message to them. The words of the past, experience Tuogu. The eyes of the students are full of responsibility. " The funeral oration gives a detailed account of Liu Chenweng's grief for Jiang Wanli's death, as well as his concern for the preservation and installation of the teacher's body after his death.

Character achievement

Politics

Clean and honest

Jiang Wanli's life experience is bumpy. He has been a local official and a feudal official, and has been in charge of the central government for many years. Yan Guan, supervisor, staff officer, judicial officer, Ministry of punishment, Ministry of officials, Privy Council all held positions, and even participated in political affairs, left prime minister, Jin Feng Nankang Jun Gong, joined the cabinet to worship the prime minister, and was in a high position. However, he was always cautious in his words and deeds and devoted himself to his duties. Jiang Wanli was demoted to be a scholar of Zizheng hall because he offended Jia Sidao, a powerful minister, and then resigned. Du Zong Zhijiang is loyal and straight, regardless of Jia Sidao's slander and slander, he tears to stay. After Yuan Dynasty soldiers attacked Xiangyang, Jiang Wanli urged to send troops to rescue, but Jia Sidao disobeyed Yang and delayed the fight. Jiang Wanli wept bitterly and had no choice but to abandon his official position and return to Zhishan, Raozhou.

appoint people on their merit

Xianchun 7 years, Taihe County Wanhe town Huwei village Xiao Wenfu in Jinshi, talented. Jiang Wanli, the Prime Minister of Zuo, reported to the imperial court, and the emperor ordered that Xiao Wenfu be appointed as a counsellor in the Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, Jia Sidao, the right prime minister, was in charge of the internal and external power of the Southern Song Dynasty. Jiang Wanli appointed Xiao Wenfu, who dared to fight against the evil forces of corruption, as an admonishing official. Xiao Wenfu, a righteous admonishment doctor, revealed Jia Sidao's embezzlement and perversion of the law, which shocked the court of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Take righteousness from body

In February of the first year of Deyou (1275), Raozhou was conquered by the yuan army. Jiang Wanli calmly sat on guard and thought that the people were popular. When the yuan army was approaching its fourth place, Chen Shuqi, the head of Wanli's family, said goodbye to him with tears: "the general situation is irresistible. Although Yu is not in power, he should live and die together with the country." At the end of the speech, his son Jiang Hao, his left and right side and his family of 17 were drowned in the water one after another. Later, when Zhang Shijie recovered Raozhou, he learned about it and wrote a memorial to the imperial court, which shocked the government and the public. The officials in the court, who knew or did not know, were all sad and shed tears. Wen Tianxiang has a sacrifice to Wen Yun: "the stars break off the platform and balance the land, the gentle way to rest, the light of the lake is far away from the sky, and the river flows." Emperor Gong also stopped to mourn for the imperial court, and issued an imperial edict to give it to Taifu and yiguogong, and later to Taishi, with the posthumous title of "Wenzhong".

"History of Song Dynasty" records: "the next day, the corpse of ten thousand li floated on the water alone, and collected it from the grass." The next day, Jiang Wanli's body was pulled out by his entourage and buried.

Culture

Brilliant academic achievements

According to the historical records, Jiang Wanli is a famous historical and cultural figure who is as famous as Ouyang Xiu and Sima Guang. He served as the chief executive of Guozijian, the country's highest institution of learning, twice, offering sacrifices to wine one by one. Even when he was demoted, he was invited to give lectures at shigu temple in Yi County, Anhui Province.

Wen Tianxiang called Jiang Wanli "the hope of both fan Zhongan and Sima Guang". Wen Tianxiang once made a wonderful comment on Jiang Wanli's famous Academic Festival in his article "he Jiangzuo prime minister's removal of Hunan pacification envoy to judge Tanzhou": xiumingwei Festival, After Jiang Wanli died for his country, Liu Chenweng (a famous patriotic poet) said in the book of Jiang Wenzhong's ancestral hall: "from the first change of refined prose to ougong, then to Mr.... His good scholars are like ougong, his expostulation is like ougong, his style is like ougong, and his posthumous Title is like ougong. "

Neo Confucianism

Jiang Wanli was a neo Confucianist. He studied in Bailudong academy, the base of Neo Confucianism, and was deeply influenced by Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi. Jiang Wanli's Neo Confucianism is mainly embodied in his "theory of body and function" and "theory of disposition". He believes that the "four ends" of benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom advocated by Confucianism are the noumenon of all things in the world, filling the space between heaven and earth. This is "body and function", that is "temperament", and that is "reason". If we can achieve "full of temperament" and "body, practice and function", we can reach the "unification of all rivers" and sublimate to the "reaching" beautiful realm of "tomorrow's reason, eliminating human desire".

Set up a school

As an educator of the Academy, Jiang Wanli has made great achievements. He visited three famous schools (Bailudong, Donghu and Taixue) and founded three famous academies (Bailuzhou, Zonglian and Daoyuan). Among them, Bailuzhou academy, together with Bailudong Academy in Lushan Mountain and Ehu Academy in Qianshan Mountain, was named Qihui, and became one of the three major academies in Jiangxi Province.

In the first year of Chunyou (1241), Jiang Wanli sent people to build wenxuanwang temple, Daoxin hall, lingxingmen, yunzhangge, wanzhutang, Yuyi Pavilion, fengyuelou, zhaishe and Liujunzi temple, and founded Bailuzhou Academy. After the establishment of Bailuzhou academy, as a higher education institution in a county, whether it can become an educational center and academic research place in Jizhou depends on the choice of teachers and students. Jiang Wanli attached great importance to this point. The main lecturers of the Academy were influential Confucian scholars selected from the previous Jinshi. The apprentices are the excellent young students recommended by the city school, and the best students are selected through the examination. Due to the high teaching quality and academic level of famous Confucians. The teaching method has its own characteristics. The students wait for the teachers all the time. The teachers inspire and induce them at any time. They often communicate with each other academically. The teachers and students treat each other sincerely and sincerely. The purpose of setting up Bailuzhou academy by Jiang Wanli is based on human relations, focusing on the study of knowledge, physical and mental cultivation, emphasizing the study of reason, rather than the knowledge gained to seek fame and fight for rights. As soon as it was founded, it established a good style of study to strive for strength and make contributions to the country.

culture

Chinese PinYin : Jiang Wan Li