Bi Jiyou

Bi Jiyou

Bi Jiyou (1623-1693), whose name is Zaiji and whose name is cunwu, is the zhongzi of Bi Ziyan, the Minister of the Ministry of household in the late Ming Dynasty. His elder brother was named Jizhuang and died early; his third brother was named Jifu and did not become an official.

Life of the characters

Bi Jiyou was born in 1623. In the second year of Shunzhi (1645) of the Qing Dynasty, there was kaozhong Bagong at Biji. In the 13th year of Shunzhi (1656), he served as the magistrate of Jishan in Shanxi Province. Jishan is located on the Bank of Fenshui River. Due to river erosion, the actual land area is less than grain tax. At the end of his term of office, he reported that he should reduce the short grain tax according to the actual situation and form a fixed provision. In addition, they set up two books to make a record of the people from all walks of life in the county, which will be recorded by the county government; those who have no fixed occupation will be restricted by law to engage in proper occupation. Two years later, he was promoted to the magistrate of Jiangnan Tongzhou. There is an important town in the rule, guarded by General Liu Tongchun. At that time, the Bi family and Liu Tongchun went to their posts on the same day. During their term of office, they helped each other, so that the merchants, soldiers and common people lived in harmony. There is a sandbank in Tongzhou, which produces minnow. According to the law, it paid tribute to the imperial court for 99 times. At the end of the year, Shangshu asked for exemption from paying tribute. In the second year of Kangxi's reign (1663), bijiyou was removed from office because "the thousand generals in Tongzhou solved the problem of transportation of grain, accumulated years of debt, and changed production to make up for the deficit". When Bi left and returned home, Yangzhou celebrity Lin Maozhi and others sent him to the riverside. Someone also drew a picture of Jiang Gan's relationship with horses to send him to show his retention. Bi Ji wrote "cunwucao" and "zichengzheng", which were handed down to the world. He also participated in the compilation of Jinan Prefecture annals and Zichuan county annals.

In the 18th year of Kangxi, Pu Songling wrote three seven character poems "Ci Yun Bi CI Shi GUI Tian" as soon as he arrived at Bi's home, praising Bi Jiyou's leisurely and comfortable retirement life after he was dismissed from office. The CI Shi in the title of the poem, also known as Taishou, is equivalent to the magistrate in Ming and Qing Dynasties. There were two kinds of prefectures in Qing Dynasty: one was Zhili Prefecture, which was slightly lower than the prefecture magistrate; the other was Sanzhou Prefecture, which was equal to the county magistrate. Bi Ji had a post in Tongzhou for Jiangnan Zhili state, so Pu Songling respected him as the governor. One of the poems says: "in the depth of the haze, there are fishermen and woodcutters, and gulls and egrets recognize the old staff. Smash the jade pot in a stormy night, and get drunk with the moon. The people of South China are all right when they plant flowers. The east mountain is prosperous and far away when they carry wine. There are still Chaisang, songju, Xue Luo, why let golden mink "Accompanying fishermen and woodcutters" and "friends and gulls and egrets" in one or two sentences of the poem mean that after he was dismissed from office, he went home to live in seclusion. Two allusions of Wang Dun's "smashing the jade pot" and Cao Cao's "drunken horizontal iron Shuo" in the three or four lines of the poem show that although Bi Jiyou was dismissed from office, he was still determined to contribute to his country. In the fifth sentence of the poem, Pan Yue is better than Bi Ji, saying that Bi had more favorable policies in Jiangnan. In the sixth sentence of the poem, Xie an is more than Bi Jiyou, saying that after Bi's dismissal, he had the pleasure of living in seclusion. In the seventh sentence of the poem, Tao Yuanming compared with Bi Jiyou, saying that Bi declined the visit of dignitaries. In the eighth sentence, Qu Yuan's songs of Chu are used to explain that retirement is not inferior to being a senior official. The last two sentences in the second poem are "who has the similar feelings? When he finished, he had the same open-minded and open-minded feelings as the ancient hermits, and had the same heart with them. In the last two sentences of the third poem, "heaven and earth in Wuling is not a place of dust, so you don't have to buy mountains from the nest." compared with Bi Jiyou, Yao's hermit father and Xu you persuaded Bi to hide from the world instead of buying mountains, and Shi Yinyuan is not the world. These two poems, like the first one, praise bijiyou's seclusion in his hometown.

Bi Ji likes to be mediocre and elegant, making friends with poets and poets; Pu Songling has rich knowledge and first-class articles. As a result, the social intercourse between Bi Jiahe and Diao was written by Pu Songling. Many of the articles Pu Songling left behind in his life were written by generations. In addition, Pu Songling also commented on Bi Ji's Diary of Jin you. In the 18th year of Kangxi, sun Weisong, a famous scholar in the south of the Yangtze River, taught the Imperial Academy to review his poems. He once sent a letter to bi Jiyou to greet him. Pu Songling wrote a reply to Chen Hanlin for Bi Jiyou. The letter recounts the communication between the two men at that time: "in the past, I didn't drink Yin when I was shaking hands under the Langshan Mountain and between the Han River and the same boat. You are still teetering, drinking and talking, cheering and cheering. You want to wave the sun to stop the sundial and stop the fight. Every Wen Cheng, folding shoulders and beating knots, follows the morning and evening, which makes people happy and forget fatigue. " Then he congratulated Chen Weisong on his entrance to the Imperial Academy: "I read the copy from my residence last year, and I knew that I had won the title of Ci poetry. I am so glad that I have won a rare treasure. Although it's still a cold life in a busy place, people who study in ancient times don't have to bear the burden. Selfishly steal plans to celebrate, not elegant first, to sound the book in the poor Valley, wash hands rose, like tears and make So because of Hong then, chat with feet and silk, soil things, less when far sound. Lin Ying is a great thinker, and she doesn't want to say anything. "

When bijiyou was at home, his social activities were still quite frequent. The visit of gentry and celebrities, the visit of local officials, and the participation of Pu Songling, who was elegant in speech, could save him some mundane affairs. Sometimes, Pu Songling was entrusted by the Bi family to talk and manage affairs in the county government. Wang xianhou, who worked as a guest of honor with Pu Songling in the Bi family, was appointed as a village covenant by Zhang Mei, the magistrate of Zichuan. Wang xianhou was unwilling to perform his duties and asked Bi Jiyou to come forward to make an agreement. Bi Jiyou entrusts Pu Songling to write a letter to Zhang Mei county magistrate in his own name, and shirks his position for Wang. The letter reads: "Wang xianhou, who has set up an account in his younger brother's home for three years, is really afraid of saving his neighbors and mistaking Tongmeng's request. He prays for his father's permission and exemption, but Wang Sheng is not the only one who holds the title of favor." Bi Ji asked Zhang Mei, magistrate of the county, to "grant permission and exemption" for the appointment of marquis Wang Xian.

In addition, Pu Songling did a lot of housework on behalf of dongbiji. In September of 1691, Pu Songling went to the residence of Jinan government. Dongliushui in Jinan was the best chrysanthemum species for Biji. East water, in Jinan City Fuyuan northwest, Quehua bridge south. There is a family whose chrysanthemum is very famous here. Pu Songling took the chrysanthemum seeds of Bi's family and came here to exchange them. After finding the best one, Pu Songling, in order to express his gratitude to his master, specially wrote two seven character poems to him. The title of the poem is "from September of Xinwei to Jinan, you will travel to the East, that is, to find chrysanthemum seed for Bi Cishi.". Pu Songling praised the noble character of the chrysanthemum owner and the elegant environment of his residence in his poem: "the door is near the narrow lane, and every long car; the threshold is curling, and it is the horse of a high official. Because I love chrysanthemums and pottery, I admire the elegance of the green field, so I look at bamboo and communicate with the sound of yellow flowers. " In the second poem, Pu Songling borrows the allusions that Wang Rong does not sell li seeds and Tao Yuanming does not grudge chrysanthemums, thanking the chrysanthemum owners for their generous offer. The poem says: "once there were Anfeng's private jade and Li, but they didn't hear Jingjie's stingy yellow flowers. He brought in a good seed, which was easy to bear, and the Golden Valley went back to Taiwei's house. "

Anecdotes of characters

Pu Songling worked as a guest of honor in the Bi family. Although he was dependent on others, he had to be lenient in the east of the museum. Besides the dowry, he also had some other financial aid, such as paper, ink and light. This was a great help to Pu Songling, who had a poor family. Moreover, the bijiafu is spacious, has the advantage of gardens, and has a rich collection of books. In Pu Songling's words, it is "full of books, with your scissors" ("he Xinliang · read xuansi Jianhe's work, overlapping rhyme"). Pu Songling usually lives in chuoran hall, which is a family hall. In winter, there is a fire to keep out the cold. In summer, he moves to Xiaofan hall or xiaqixuan in Shiyin garden, which is a rare place for ordinary scholars. In 1688, after the completion of the Xiaofan hall, Pu Songling wrote two seven character poems "the completion of the Xiaofan hall by Bi CI Shi" to express his congratulations. There is a poem "a few beds of leisurely flowers are not old, and the dynasty is flourishing". It shows that Pu Songling loves the elegant environment of the Xiaofan hall very much. In the thirtieth year of Kangxi, Pu Songling wrote two more seven character poems, reading xiaofantang, which once again praised the quiet environment of xiaofantang. For Pu Songling, shiyinyuan is the most ideal place for her to study and write.

In such an environment, Pu Songling's enthusiasm for creating strange tales from a lonely studio is very high, and he has written many chapters, many famous ones. There are two articles in strange tales of Liaozhai, which are the Robin and the doctor Wu. They are signed "Mr. Bi Zai Ji Ji" or "Mr. Bi Zai Ji Zhi" at the end. It may be that Bi Ji read the completed chapters in Strange Tales from a lonely studio and wrote these two stories on the spur of the moment. Pu Songling embellished them with words and incorporated them into strange tales from a lonely studio. In order to respect Guan Dong's pioneering work and make it easy to indicate the source at the end of the chapter. Here, the article "general manager Yang Qian" is about "general manager Yang Hualin, who is the father of Bi Jiyou in the east of the museum. It can be seen that Bi Ziyan is also the material provided by Bi Jiyou. Moreover, according to experts' research, Bi Yi'an in fox dream may be the prototype of Bi Shengju.

In the spring of 1693, the 32nd year of Kangxi reign, he died of illness. Pu Songling wrote eight seven character poems in succession, mourning Bi Jiyou deeply, and also wrote the preface to Mr. Zheng Wan Bi Zaiji's poems. Pu Songling's Elegy and Zheng's Elegy are both written with sincere feelings, which are by no means social works. The eight poems written by Pu Songling are generally in a pattern, from mourning the death of "ten years of eating together", to "looking back on life, I can't help thinking", to singing and crying again and again, to having the life experience of "five wolves (Guide to TongZhou) Prince of Shangshu" at the end of his life, to the indifferent mind of "old lady's career in chess game, leisure in chrysanthemum flower" after returning to the field, and the hobby of "things must be for work, books must be for money" I wrote it out. The second poem says: "when you are sick, I am also sick. When I come, you have abandoned the world. When a man dies, he feels bitter. He will drink thrifty in his former life. A bed of Qin, calligraphy and painting Pavilion, ten thousand years of soul Love Castle Peak. West state door ileum absolutely, hate not heart like stone stubborn The last two sentences of the poem say that the author wants to turn his heart into a stone, ignorant and unconscious, so as to reduce the pain of nostalgia for bi. It shows that the author is heartbroken and heartbroken because of his death. Poem three

Chinese PinYin : Bi Ji You