Ouyang Xuan

Ouyang Xuan

Ouyang Xuan (1283-1358), a descendant of Ouyang Shu, was born in Fangli village, Fenyi County, Hunan Province.

Character experience

During the reign of Yanyou (1314-1320), Ouyang Xuan served as Yin of Wuhu County for three years. He was not afraid of the powerful, cleared up the accumulated cases, strictly enforced the law, paid attention to the development of agriculture, and won the support of the people. He had the reputation of "educating the people, and locusts did not enter the country".

During his term of office, he paid more attention to the protection and repair of Wuhu's historical sites. It is said that the "eight scenic spots of Wuhu" were formed during his term of office. For each scene, there is a poem with seven rhythms (see Kangxi's "Taiping Fu Zhi" and "Wuhu County Zhi"). He often travels "Jingshan Hanbi". Because it has the same name as Jingshan in his hometown Jingzhou, it has the sentence "every time I see Jingshan, I remember my hometown.". When I left office, I had a long memory of Wuhu. Later generations named the water of Jingshan "Ouyang Lake", or "ouhu" for short, to commemorate it.

Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty also bestowed the titles of Chongren, Zhaode, tui, zhongshouzheng, dashitu, Zhuguo, etc. he was granted the title of Duke of Chu and posthumous title of "Wen". He was seventy-five years old.

Life of the characters

In 1314 A.D. (the first year of Yanyou), Han officials such as Wang Yue, the Confucian master of emperor Renzong of Yuan Dynasty, actively advocated the idea of starting an academic career

In 1315 ad (the second year of Yanyou reign), Ouyang Xuan took the third place in the imperial examination (known as "Yanyou Fuke" in History). He was an official for more than 40 years. He successively entered the Imperial Academy six times, two of them were sacrificial wine, two of them were Examiners of Qiansheng. His achievements in history were the most outstanding. At the same time, he was also famous for his poems and essays. Because of his profound knowledge and outstanding achievements, Ouyang Xuan was known as the "great master" of the Yuan Dynasty, and Wang Yue was also known as the "Hongbi" of the Yuan Dynasty.

In 1333 A.D., he was appointed as a minister of Taichang etiquette Academy. He became a direct academician of Hanlin and compiled the records of the four dynasties. Soon, he was also called to Zhongdu to discuss affairs. He was promoted to be a scholar of Shijiao and then served as a minister of Guozi. In the fifth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1339), because of numbness of feet, he asked for leave to go back to the south for treatment, but Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty did not allow it. Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty did not agree to his resignation. He was asked to be free from salute when he went to the court. He changed the Yuan Dynasty to "Zhizheng" and changed the government affairs. Xuandu spoke frankly when he discussed the government affairs in the court. Soon he returned to the south, and later he became a scholar of the Imperial Academy. The emperor ordered the history of Liao, Jin and Song Dynasties to be revised, and Xuan served as the president. For this reason, he formulated a unified regulation. In the article, Xuan personally corrected those who did not meet the requirements. As for comments, praises, expressions and plays, Xuan wrote them.

In 1345, Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty appointed him as the academician of the Imperial Academy because he had been in several dynasties and had made great contributions to the three histories. Soon Xuan asked to resign, but Emperor Shun did not agree. Yushitaizou asked him to be appointed as a visiting envoy of Fujian. He went to the west of Zhejiang Province. His old illness recurred and he asked to retire and live in seclusion in Nanshan. Later, he was appointed as a scholar of Hanlin. Xuan resigned earnestly for many times, but he was not approved, so he was granted the post of Youcheng of Huguang xingzhongshu Province, and he was given a white jade belt to support him for life. As he was about to leave, Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty disagreed. He still ordered him to be the academician of the Imperial Academy. He was promoted to the rank of doctor Guanglu.

From 1341 to 367, when Emperor Huidi of the Yuan Dynasty ordered the compilation of Liao, Jin and song histories, he took Ouyang Xuan as the chief executive officer.

In 1351 (the eleventh year of Zhizheng), the Yuan Dynasty took Jialu as the chief river control envoy, who was responsible for the control of the Yellow River. After the success, he ordered Ouyang Xuan to make a tablet to express his achievements in river control.

On February 7, 1358 (December 29, the 17th year of Zhizheng), Ouyang Xuan died of illness in Dadu (now Beijing) at the age of 75.

Main works

Ouyang Xuan compiled the history of Liao, Jin and Song dynasties.

There are many kinds of historical works, such as Taiping Jingguo, Zhizheng tiaoge, jingkaodadian, Zuan Tongyi, Kangshu zuanyao, Yuanlu, Zhizheng hefangji, etc., totaling 1120 volumes;

There are 15 volumes of guizhai collected works, 12 poems of Yuan Dynasty, Quan Jin Yuan Ci and Yu Jia Ao Nan CI.

Social evaluation

Although Ouyang Xuan was a high-ranking official, he lived a simple and modest life. Sun Fengzhou, a poet of his time, praised him: "Kui Zhai is still an old guizhai, and he doesn't bring some officials."

In the Imperial Academy, Ouyang Xuan often drafted all kinds of imperial edicts for the emperor, most of which were written by him. During his stay in Beijing, Ouyang Xuan was once the main writer of the imperial court. He was famous for his articles and calligraphy. The famous mountains and rivers in the sea, the palace of Shi Lao, the stele of the tunnel of the king's tomb and so on are all proud of his handwriting; later generations respect him as "the top scholar of the Yuan Dynasty" with Yu Ji, Jie Xi Si, Huang Pu and so on. After his death, he was buried in Shijing village, Xiangshan, Changping County, West Beijing. There are only 15 volumes of guizhai collection and 1 volume of appendix.

Family lineage

Ouyang's ancestor Anfu in Liuyang made Ouyang Wan his first ancestor. At the end of Song Dynasty, Ouyang an, his 15th grandson, moved from Fangli village to Liuyang and was honored as the first ancestor of Liuyang. Ouyang Xin, his son, once gave a lecture in Yuelu Academy. He gave a lecture on the chapter of the book of Rites: "when the sky rains, mountains and rivers come out of the clouds", which made people admire him. Ouyang Fengtai, the son of Ouyang Xin (Zhongsou, Danzhai), was once a scholar in Tanzhou. He was not only good at writing Fu, but also a great scholar in Fujian and Zhejiang provinces. He was also quite accomplished in Sutra. In his later years, he studied the law and calendar, and wrote dozens of volumes of the law and calendar Tong Yuan Tu. Ouyang Longsheng, the son of Ouyang Fengtai, has been engaged in cultural and educational undertakings all his life. He once served as the head of Wenjing Academy in Liuyang, and rebuilt Wenjing Academy in simiti mountain. He also served as the professor of Confucianism in Liuyang, making great contributions to the spread and development of Liuyang culture. Later, he moved to Daozhou Road, where he inherited the Confucian ethos of Zhou Dunyi's hometown, improved his education, and implemented the reform A series of activities of spreading Neo Confucianism brought up a lot of talents and eventually died in Daozhou. Ouyang Longsheng devoted his whole life to the dissemination and research of Neo Confucianism, and wrote Confucian classics and Li cave and Yunzhuang lecture notes.

After the birth of Ouyang long, the most prominent figure in the history of Ouyang in Liuyang came out, that is, Ouyang Xuan, who had great attainments in Neo Confucianism, literature, history, calligraphy and many other aspects in the Yuan Dynasty, held the handle of literature and drafted the imperial edict for the emperor. He was granted the title of "Wen" after his death. Ouyang Xuan was intelligent when he was young. His mother Li, who also came from a scholarly family, taught him filial piety, Analects of Confucius and primary school. He recited them all at the age of 8. At this time, his family sent him to study with Mr. Zhang Guanzhi. He can write down thousands of words a day, and soon know how to write articles, known as "child prodigy". When he was 10 years old, the imperial court sent envoys to inspect various counties to find talents. Ouyang Xuan paid a visit to the envoys as a student. The messenger ordered him to write plum blossom poems. He immediately wrote ten of them, and when he came back in the evening, it increased to hundreds. People who saw them were very surprised. When he was 14 years old, he further followed the Song Dynasty to learn how to compose CI. His style of writing was more elegant, and his style of writing was complete. Every time he took the rural school examination, he was always in the high school. When he was an adult, he studied for several years behind closed doors. He studied all kinds of classics and histories, especially the origin and the end of Yiluo school.

Chinese PinYin : Ou Yang Xuan