Liu Hun

Liu Hun

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Liu Hun (714-789, March 6), formerly known as Liu Zai, has a broad and deep character. Xiangzhou Xiangyang (now Xiangyang City, Hubei Province) people. The prime minister and poet of the Tang Dynasty was the sixth grandson of Liu Zhen, a servant of Nanliang.

Liu Hun was born in the East family of the Liu family in Hedong. He was lonely for a long time, but he never stopped learning. In the first year of Tianbao (742), he was a Jinshi, and served successively as a county captain of Danfu, Sima of Quzhou, censor of supervision, and judge of the regiment training in Jiangnan West Road. Later, he was the governor of Yuanzhou, and moved to the left to serve on horseback. He also paid homage to the Minister of the Ministry of war and was granted the title of uncle of Yicheng County. In the third year of Zhenyuan (787), the minister was formally worshipped by the emperor of Tongzhong.

In 789, Liu Hun died in 1975, and his posthumous title was "Zhen". In the second year of Dazhong (848), it was painted as Lingyan Pavilion. Liu Hun is good at writing and is friendly with Gu Kuang. There are ten volumes of collected works, which have been lost.

Life of the characters

An official in his early years

Liu Zai

Liu Hun was born in siyili, Liangcheng Town, Ruzhou County, Henan Province. When he was young, he became an orphan. A wizard showed him his face and prophesied: "this son has a poor face and a short life. If he becomes a monk or Taoist, he can delay his death." The family wanted to listen to the witch's words, but Liu Zai didn't follow. Zhuang Yan said, "if you don't read poetry, it's better to be a warlock than to die quickly." So he went all out to study. In the first year of Tianbao (742) of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, Liu Zai ascended the Jinshi, and was granted the county captain of Shan Fu (< I > today < / I > < I > Shandong < / I > < I > Shan county < / I >). During the reign of emperor suzong of Tang Dynasty (756-758), Liu Zai was interviewed by Jiangxi and appointed as a judge by Huangfu, then moved to Sima in Quzhou (< I > today < / I > < I > Zhejiang < / I > < I > Quxian < / I >).

Seclusion and comeback

Liu Zai once abandoned his official position and lived in seclusion in Wuning mountain. Soon after, he was recalled to the imperial court and paid homage to the censor. Liu Zai was an open-minded man. He didn't want to work in the imperial court. He wanted to go out to make up for his official position. The prime minister cherished his talent and left Liu Zai as zuobuke. Later, Liu Zai was appointed as the imperial censor in the palace, and learned about the affairs of Jiangxi rentyong Academy.

Clean and honest assistant

In the second year of zongdali (767) of Tang Dynasty, Wei Shaoyou, the Jiangxi observation envoy, appointed Liu Zai as a judge, and granted him the title of doctor. The monks of Kaiyuan Temple drank with the drunkards at night, which led to the fire. They blame the gatekeeper. Everyone knows that this is an unjust case, and they dare not intercede for the gatekeeper. Liu Zai and his colleague Cui Youfu are the only ones to plead grievances against the gatekeeper. Since then, he was known for his impartiality. In 771, Lu Sigong succeeded Wei Shaoyou and appointed Liu Zai as the Deputy envoy of dutuanlian. In the 12th year of Dali (777), Liu Zai was worshipped as the governor of Yuanzhou (< I > governing Yichun, Jiangxi Province).

It's hard to rush about

In 779, Cui Youfu became prime minister and recommended Liu Zai as an official of remonstrance and an envoy of Zhejiang Province. After returning to the court, Jia chaosan was a doctor. He was also appointed Zuo Shuzi, Ji Xiandian bachelor, Shangshu Youcheng. After the silver green Guanglu doctor, moved to the right of the official on horseback. During the "Fengtian difficulty", the rebels in Jingyuan occupied Chang'an, the capital (< I > today's Xi'an, Shaanxi), Li Shi, the emperor of Tang Dynasty, fled to Fengtian (< I > today's Qianxian County, Shaanxi), and Liu Zai hid in Zhongnan mountain. The traitor, Zhu Wei, was lured by Tongping Zhangshi (< I > Prime Minister < / I >), but Liu Zai did not take office in Chang'an. Later, after ten days of hard work, Liu Zai arrived at Fengtian Xingzai. Later, he fled to Liangzhou (now Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province) with Dezong. After Chang'an was recovered by the Tang army, Liu Zai went back to the court with Dezong. He said to Dezong, "I was sullied by a crazy thief before (< I > referring to the appointment of Prime Minister Liu Zai by Zhu huizhao < / I >), and I am really ashamed to call him the old name. Besides, I have a" Ge "in my name. Now I should stop fighting." So I asked to be renamed

Liu Hun

.

Prime Minister Gangzhi

In the first year of Zhenyuan (785), Liu Hun was worshipped as the Minister of the Ministry of war and was granted the title of Bo in Yicheng County. In the third year of Zhenyuan (787), Liu Hun was appointed the Prime Minister of the province. Han Fu, the governor of the Zhen Navy, came to Korea from the south of the Yangtze River. Dezong wanted to entrust him with an important task. Although the court officials had some comments, they didn't speak up. Han Fu was involved in everything, sometimes beyond his authority. Although Liu Hun was recommended by Han Fu, he also hated his dictatorship. He said to Han Fu: "the prime minister (< I > refers to Han Fu's father < / I > < I > Han Xiu < / I >) left office in less than a year because of his extreme behavior. How can he go back to his former position?" Han Yu regretted, but his power was slightly reduced. Later, following the advice of General Ma Sui and others, Dezong made an alliance with Tubo in Pingliang (< I > counties under the jurisdiction of Gansu Province today). Some people think that this can guarantee a hundred years. But Liu Hun knelt down and said, "Tubo people's face and beast's heart are not credible." Hearing the speech, Dezong was displeased and said, "Liu Hun is a Confucian student. He doesn't understand the border affairs." As expected, in the middle of the night, Han you Guifei, the festival envoy of Yingning (< I > today's Binxian County, Shaanxi Province), played a role in the imperial court, telling Tubo that "all the generals and schools were destroyed". The next day, Dezong comforted Liu Hun and said, "you are a scholar of literature and Confucianism. You can know the enemy's situation thousands of miles away." From then on, Liu Hun was treated with courtesy. In the subsequent conversation with Prime Minister Li Mi, he even wanted to make "Criminal Law Commission Hun".

Death at home

At the beginning, Liu Hun and Zhang Yanshang served as prime ministers together, and Liu Hun repeatedly disagreed with Zhang Yanshang. Zhang Yanshang asked his confidants to say to Liu Hun, "the prime minister is an old minister with good reputation. As long as he talks less in the court, the prime minister's position can be maintained for a long time." Liu Hun said: "you apologize to Zhang Gong for me. Liu Hun's head can be cut off, but his tongue can't be forbidden!" Since then, the two have been at loggerheads with each other. Dezong likes people who are gentle and elegant, but Liu Hun is simple and upright, frivolous and simple, and his behavior is casual. He often speaks a common saying in front of Dezong. Dezong accumulated dissatisfaction and intended to demote Liu Hun to be the chief historian of the royal family. After Li Mi's advice, Dezong dismissed him as the right Sanqi Changshi (< I > as the left Sanqi Changshi < / I >). On February 5 (March 6), 789, Liu Hun died at the age of 75. His posthumous title is "Zhen". On July 11, 848, a total of 37 people, including Liu Hun and Li Xian, were able to paint Lingyan Pavilion.

personal works

Liu Hun has ten volumes of collected works, which have been lost. One of the essays in the whole Tang Dynasty was recorded: "please ban the performance of the farm, the season lamb and the house.". One of his poems, peony, is recorded in the whole Tang poetry.

Character evaluation

General comments

Liu Hun made friends with others and met each other sincerely. Thrifty, selfless, no property.

Historical evaluation

Li Shi: first, he is a scholar, but he knows the feelings of the army. (< I > < I > < I > < I > old book of Tang Dynasty < / I > < I > < I >) ② since now, the military grain storage has been under the control of Qing (Li mi). Li, Li, Wei Yan reward (Zhang Yan reward), Criminal Law Commission Hun. (quoted by < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I >) Li Mi: be broad-minded and have no other. Li Mian and Lu Han: we are Fang Liu Yicheng, and we know that we are the people who restrict the customs. Liu Zongyuan: first, only the public quality is outstanding, the measurement is grand, the grand and broad-minded meet the festival must stand, the recovery is broad and relaxed, but the function should be broken. In his living room, the sincerity of the words "Fu" is reflected in his zongqi, but he is good at the inside; in his administration, he is gentle, benevolent and upright, and is in harmony with Fu Temple, but beautiful on the outside. For the sake of learning, we should make a brief introduction to the confusion of the chapters and sentences, adopt the abstruse purpose, and regard knowledge as our religion; for the sake of writing, we should be free from the splendor of ornament, be arrogant, and use it to suit ourselves. From the beginning of learning to Dacheng, he was addicted to literary works, paid attention to drilling and sharpening, tired of wandering, and did not wait for Chu. It has been known for a long time that Confucianism talks about elegant ideas. (< I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > I >. Therefore, the way of planning, Bo Jian, is expressed in the end of the court; bi Wei Shi Hui, Pu Zhong Cheng, wo in the emperor's mind. There are brave people who dare to speak up, who should be open-minded, who can use their ability to speak up, and who are not guilty and repentant. Gong Lei is more important, Lu rank of thick, cloth in Zongyin, no one shop of land to its descendants, no one mu of palace to gather its family. He is satisfied with his salary and his servant's room. He is magnanimous all his life, but he doesn't enter the details. He is satisfied with his life. Liu Xu: Zhang Yi, Xiao Fu, and Liu Hun, who were able to be upright and upright in their daily life, were all able to understand the master and level the Tai stage, but Lu Qi did not want to be in the front and Lu Qi did not want to be in the back (< I > "Old Tang Shu" < / I >) 2. The loss of Yi, Fu and Hun brought disaster to the clan. Song Qi: you Fu's secret is true, you plan to betray Tubo, you plan to know a few, you are a gentleman! (< I > < I > < I > new book of the Tang Dynasty < / I > < I >) Li Long: "it's a strange skill to go to the holy religion, not to die quickly." How wonderful! He was a famous Prime Minister of the Tang Dynasty. (< I > "yueshiyingshi" < / I >) LAN Dingyuan: Hun Yan abandons the holy religion as a magic art. He can't die as soon as possible. He also says that the head can be broken and the tongue can't be forbidden. You can imagine that he is a human being. He was upright, knew the general situation, had a long-term vision, and was able to foresee things in the future. He was also a famous official of a generation. He is not an extraordinary skill, so he can walk alone with great courage. Apart from fame and fame, will the cause of character not be decided by scholarship

Chinese PinYin : Liu Hun