Liu Yong
Liu Yong
Liu Yong (about 984-1053), formerly known as sanbian, changed his name from Jingzhuang to Qiqing. He was also known as Liuqi because he ranked seventh. He was born in Feixian County, Yizhou (today's Shandong Feixian County) in Chongan (today's Fujian Wuyishan). He was a poet of the Northern Song Dynasty and a representative of the graceful school.
Liu Yong was born in an official family. His ancestors were the Liu family of Hedong, a middle ancient scholar family. When he was young, he studied poetry and had the ambition to be famous in the world. In the fifth year of Xianping (1002), Liu Yong left his hometown and lived in Hangzhou and Suzhou, indulging in the romantic life of listening to songs and buying laughter. In the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1008), Liu Yong went to Beijing to take part in the imperial examination. In the first year of Jingyou's reign (1034), Liu Yong was born in his twilight years. He successively held the posts of tuanlian Tui Guan of muzhou, magistrate of Yuhang County, salt supervisor of Xiaofeng County, and magistrate of Sizhou county. He became an official with wailang, a member of tuntian County, so he was called liutuntian.
Liu Yong is the first poet who innovated Song Ci in an all-round way. He is also the one who created the most tunes in Song Ci. Liu Yong made great efforts to create the slow Ci, transplanted the perfunctory Fu method to the CI, and made full use of the slang and slang words to have a profound impact on the development of the Song Ci with its unique artistic personality, such as vulgar image, incisive narration, plain and plain description.
Life of the characters
Early experience
Liu Yong was born into an official family. His grandfather, Liu Chong, lived in Hedong (now Shanxi). He was once the county magistrate of Shaxian County, and had great prestige in the prefecture. His father, Liu Yi, became a censor in the Southern Tang Dynasty. After the fall of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Liu Yi served as Leize county magistrate in the Northern Song Dynasty, and soon changed to Fei County Magistrate and Puzhou City magistrate. Liu Yong was born in his father Ren Suo (Feixian County, 984).
In the first year of Chunhua (990), Liu Yi went to Tokyo to write a letter, granting the prefecture a general sentence, and Liu Yong went with his father.
In the fifth year of Chunhua (994), Liu Yi was transferred to Yangzhou as a doctor of zanshan, and Liu Yong followed him to write the essay of persuading learning.
In the third year of Zhidao (997), Liu Yi repeatedly moved to Dr. Guozi and ordered his younger brother to take the portrait to Chongan, his hometown, to comfort his mother's missing. Liu Yong went home with his uncle.
In the first year of Xianping (998), Liu Yongju lived in his hometown, visited the famous Zhongfeng temple and wrote a poem titled Zhongfeng temple. Liu Yong read "Mei Feng Bi" and loved it very much. He inscribed it on the wall and pondered it over and over.
In the fourth year of Xianping (1001), Liu Yong tried to write "a cloud in Wushan · liuliuzhen cave Tour" to praise the scenery of Wuyi Mountain in his hometown, which means "floating clouds".
Living in Jianghuai
In the fifth year of Xianping (1002), Liu Yong planned to go to Beijing to take the examination of the Ministry of rites. He went from Qiantang to Hangzhou. Because he was infatuated with the beautiful lakes and mountains and the prosperous city, he stayed in Hangzhou and indulged in the romantic life of listening to songs and buying laughter.
In the sixth year of Xianping (1003), sun he knew that Hangzhou was a city with strict access control. Liu Yong wrote "looking at the tide of the sea: Southeast shape victory" and went to pay a visit. As soon as the word came out, it was widely spread and Liu Yong became famous.
In the autumn of the first year of Jingde (1004), sun he returned to taichangli courtyard in Beijing, and Liu Yong wrote "Jade Butterfly: gradually feel the beauty of fangjiao" to recall the fun with sun he.
During the reign of Jingde (1004-1007), Liu Yong left Hangzhou and traveled along the Bianhe River to Suzhou, where he wrote shuangshengzi, the night sky is bleak. He soon entered Yangzhou, where he wrote linjiangxian, the morning of Mingke's breaking and shaking the capital gate. He recalled his old journey and spent a period of wild life in his youth.
The road of imperial examination
In the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1008), Liu Yong entered the capital Bianjing (now Kaifeng). In the Northern Song Dynasty, Chengping had a long history, and the capital was prosperous: Lantern Festival, the emperor enjoyed with the people; Qingming Festival, outing in the suburbs; Dragon Boat Festival, dragon boat race; Bianjing style, paper and gold intoxication. Liu Yong Lingyun's Fu described the "Chengping weather" of the imperial capital as the best of its music.
In the second year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1009), when Chunwei was just around the corner, Liu Yong was full of ambition and confident that he would be the first to ascend. As for the trial, there was an imperial edict issued by Zhenzong, and all of them were severely condemned. Liu Yong failed in the first trial. In his indignation, he wrote on the golden list of crane soaring to the sky to vent his complaint and dissatisfaction with the imperial examination, but he was not completely desperate about being elected to the imperial examination. Not long after, Liu Yong wrote the poem "ruyushui · Dili evacuation", which is not good for the exam. Liu Yong no longer cares about it and still hopes for the exam.
In 1015, Liu Yong took the ceremony examination for the second time and failed again. At the same time, there is a rift in the relationship between Liu Yong and the song girl chongniang. Liu Yong wrote the poem "zhengbule · Yahuan tryst" to express the depression of disappointment and lovelorn.
In the second year of Tianxi (1018), Liu Sanfu, the eldest brother, won the first prize, and Liu Yong failed for the third time.
rove all over the world
In the second year of Tiansheng (1024), Liu Yong left the capital for the fourth time in anger. He left his lover (or the insect mother) and wrote the famous poem "rain bell · cold cicada mourning". He went south by the waterway and wrote CI for a living. The name of his ci is growing day by day. Due to his long wandering and physical and mental fatigue, Liu Yong wrote a good dream of a clear night in luntaizi, remembering that "he returned to Yaojing and bought a thousand gold smiles again", and sighing that "Fang was young and strong, but he was far away and happy.".
In the seventh year of Tiansheng (1029), Liu Yong returned to the capital. Bianjing was still prosperous, but his old friends were scattered, and things changed and people changed. Liu Yong left Kyoto and went to the northwest.
During the reign of Mingdao (1032-1033), Liu Yong roamed Weinan and wrote "eight sounds of Ganzhou: rain on the river at dusk". Soon after, when he arrived in Chengdu, he knew about Yizhou, Jinli was romantic and silkworm market was prosperous. Liu Yong wrote a poem as a gift. After leaving Chengdu, Liu Yong moved eastward along the Yangtze River, across Hunan and to Ezhou.
Interpreting brown as an official
In the first year of Jingyou (1034), Renzong was in charge of the imperial examination, and he especially opened up Enke. He relaxed the criteria for the admission of the fallen scholars in the previous imperial examinations. Liu Yong heard of the news and rushed to the capital from Ezhou. In the spring, Liu Yong and his elder brother Liu San joined in the list of Jinshi and were awarded the rank of "Tui Guan" by muzhou League. In his later years, Liu Yong was very happy.
In February, Liu Yong went from Bianjing to muzhou and passed through Suzhou. When Fan Zhongyan knew Suzhou, Liu Yong went to pay homage to it and wrote his ci. In September, LV Wei, the prefect of muzhou, admired Liu Yong's talent and recommended it to the imperial court, but was hindered by "no good deeds".
In the fourth year of Jingyou (1037), Liu Yong was transferred to the county magistrate of Yuhang, who was deeply loved by the people.
In 1039, Liu Yong was appointed as the salt supervisor of Xiaofeng in Dinghai, Zhejiang Province. He wrote the song of boiling the sea, which deeply described the hard work of salt workers. Liu Yong has a voice in politics and is known as a famous official.
The death of a transferred official
Qingli three years (1043), transferred to Sizhou magistrate. At that time, Liu Yong had been a local official for three or nine years, and all of them had political achievements. According to the Song Dynasty system, he was supposed to be a local official, but he didn't make the trip. Liu Yong was "trapped for a long time to select a tune", so he sighed that "a wandering official has become an official". In autumn, Liu Yongjin presented his new Ci poem "drunken Penglai · Jian Ting Gao Ye Xia". Because of some words such as "Tai Ye Bo fan", Liu Yongjin changed his official position and complained to no avail. In August, Fan Zhongyan paid a visit to the government, issued the new policy of Qingli, and revised the law of official survey. Liu Yongshen snow complaints, changed to the book Zuo Lang, granted the western capital Lingtai mountain order.
In the sixth year of Qingli (1046), he was transferred to an official position and wrote. The next year, Liu Yong visited Suzhou again and wrote a poem for Teng Zongliang, the governor of Suzhou.
In the first year of Huangyou (1049), he was transferred to doctor Taichang. In the following year, he was changed to be a Tuen Tian Yuan wailang, so he became an official and settled in Runzhou.
In 1053, Liu Yong died.
Main impact
The content of Liu Ci
1. Describe the feelings between men and women in the civil class
Most of the heroines in Liu Yong's poems are unfortunate women who have fallen into brothels. Liu Yong's words not only show the bold and fierce love consciousness of secular women, but also express the painful feelings of abandoned or lovelorn common women. In the history of Ci, for the first time, Liu Yong's pen extended to the inner world of the common women and told them their worries. It is for this reason that Liu Yong's Ci becomes popular and popular, which makes it a new development trend.
2. Description of urban life and urban scenery
Liu Yong's Ci poetry shows the prosperous urban life and colorful urban customs in the Northern Song Dynasty. Liu Yong has lived in the city for a long time and has rich experience of urban life. He has depicted the prosperity of Bianjing, Luoyang, Yizhou, Yangzhou, Kuaiji, Jinling, Hangzhou and other cities at that time and the recreational scenes of the citizens one by one with colored pens. These urban style paintings show the peaceful atmosphere of the society at that time.
3. Description of travel and service
After failing in the imperial examinations for many times, Liu Yong had to travel around in order to earn a living. Liu Yonggong's travel CI is based on his personal feelings of ups and downs and wandering in the rivers and lakes in his whole life. More than 60 Ci poems in the collection of movements show Liu Yong's complex mentality of pursuit, frustration, contradiction, depression, bitterness and frustration. In this kind of Ci, Liu Yong wrote his whereabouts and expressed his love of parting and missing in his wandering life. His background is far wider than that of homesickness in the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty, and his mood is more desolate, especially touching.
4. Others
Liu Yong also wrote many poems praising emperors and dignitaries, as well as some poems about his life. For example, his Qi's is the longest poem in the collection of music movements. In his poems, he reviewed his life. There are many feelings between the lines, singing the sad voice of the lost people in the world, which is known as the legacy of Lisao.
Artistic achievements
1. Rich intonation
In the Tang and Five Dynasties, the main style of Ci was Xiaoling, and there were no more than ten slow CI. In the early Song Dynasty, Xiaoling was still good at and used by Ci writers. Zhang Xian, Yan Shu and Ouyang Xiu, who were at the same time as Liu Yong but later, only tried to write 17, 3 and 13 slow poems respectively, which accounted for a small proportion of the total number of their poems
Chinese PinYin : Liu Yong
Liu Yong
