last outstanding poet of the traditional school

last outstanding poet of the traditional school

Liu Yazi (May 28, 1887 - June 21, 1958), male, from Lili Town, Wujiang, Jiangsu Province, was born in Dasheng village, Beishe, FENHU Town, Wujiang. His original name was Weigao, and his name was Anru. His name was changed to human rights, and his name was Yalu. Then his name was changed to abandon disease, and his name was Jiaxuan, and his name was Yazi.

In 1903, he joined the Chinese Education Association. Later alliance and restoration. In 1905, Guangxu founded Fu Bao. In 1909, Xuantong founded Nanshe. He was the director of Nanshe from 1914 to 1918. He once engaged in Anti Japanese democratic activities with Song Qingling and He Xiangning. He also served as the Secretary of Sun Yat Sen's presidential palace, the central supervisor of the Chinese Kuomintang, the curator of Shanghai Tongzhi Museum, the central standing member and chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, the central standing director of the three people's principles comrades' Federation, and the central executive member of the Chinese Democratic League.

In 1949, he attended the first plenary session of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, he served as a member of the Central People's government, a member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, a member of culture and education of the State Council, a vice chairman of the East China Administrative Committee, and a deputy director of the central Museum of culture and history.

In 1958, he died of illness in Beijing at the age of 71.

Life of the characters

Early experience

On May 28, 1887, Liu Yazi was born in a scholarly family. Liu Yazi's family is very erudite. When he was young, he was taught by his mother and liked to read ancient poems. At the age of 12, he recited the complete works of Du Fu. Under the influence of his father, he was in favor of reform and reform, and was absorbed in the propaganda of Xinmin series.

In 1903, Liu Yazi, 16, had read all the books in his study. His hometown, Wujiang, Jiangsu Province, was the base of the anti Qing war in the late Ming Dynasty. He was full of talented people and paid great attention to the national integrity, which made him cultivate a strong anti Qing consciousness. In his early years, he liked the poems of Gong Zizhen and Liang Qichao, who started the "poetic revolution", especially those of Zhang Huangyan and Xia Wanchun.

In 1904, he arrived in Shanghai at the age of 17 and joined the patriotic society. He was a disciple of Cai Yuanpei and Zhang Taiyan and began to talk about revolution.

In 1906, Gao Xu, Chen Taoyi, Ma Junwu and Liu Shipei introduced him to the alliance, and Cai Yuanpei introduced him to the association.

On November 13, 1909, Liu Yazi, Chen Qubing, Gao Xu, Zhu Shaoping and Yao Shizi founded the revolutionary literature group Nanshe and presided over the social affairs for many years. The first gathering was held in Suzhou Huqiu Zhanggong temple, and 17 people attended the meeting. This literary group has a strong anti Manchurian color, and its members are mostly alliance members. The second gathering was in Hangzhou West Lake, and the third gathering was in Shanghai Zhangshi Weichun garden. Each time a collection of poems and essays was published, a total of 22 volumes were printed, which were collected as "Nanshe Congke". The membership has grown to more than 1000.

After the revolution of 1911, he served as a secretary in the provisional presidential palace. Because he was not used to the life of military and political organs, he resigned three days later and went to Shanghai to run a newspaper. When Yuan Shikai stole the regime, he felt that the state affairs could not be done, so he went back to Li Li and indulged in poetry and wine. He wrote a lot of poems.

To the South

In 1924, Liu Yazi was elected to the Central Committee of the Kuomintang as a member of the Chinese League.

In August 1925, the Kuomintang rightists assassinated Liao Zhongkai. Liu Yazi severely denounced this kind of perverse behavior. He not only published a letter to KMT comrades to expose the anti revolutionary nature of the right wing of the KMT, but also, when he attended the second plenary session of the second Central Committee of the KMT in Guangzhou, asked Chiang Kai Shek face to face as a central supervisor of the KMT: "is he a follower of the prime minister (Sun Yat Sen) or a traitor of the prime minister?"

On November 23, some KMT rightists headed by Zou Lu held a meeting in Xishan, Beijing, which is known as "Xishan faction" in history. These people betrayed Sun Yat Sen's "three major policies" and proposed to abolish the membership of the Communist Party members who had joined the Kuomintang, and to remove Tan Pingshan, Li Dazhao, Lin Zuhan, Mao Zedong and others who worked in the Central Committee of the Kuomintang. Then they planned a series of anti Communist activities such as the establishment of the puppet Central Committee in Shanghai. Liu Yazi severely criticized this. In December of that year, he published a 4000 word long article, the letter to KMT comrades, pointing out that the reactionaries "do not want to stand on the front line of the revolution, but collude with the counter revolutionary forces, or even lead the counter revolutionary forces, in order to set off a great disturbance in the party Isn't this plain treason to the party, the country and the prime minister? All comrades in the country should be denounced. " The move angered the right wing of the Kuomintang in Nanjing, claiming to expel him from the party. Sun Chuanfang even colluded with the imperialists in the Shanghai concession to arrest Liu Yazi.

In 1926, Liu Yazi went to Guangzhou to attend the second plenary session of the second Central Committee of the Kuomintang. At the meeting, Chiang Kai Shek forced the adoption of the "case of sorting out party affairs". Liu Yazi immediately and He Xiangning, Peng Zemin and others expressed firm opposition. During this period, Liu Yazi invited Hou Shaoqiu, Zhu Jixun and other Communists to go to Chiang Kai Shek and immediately asked him: are you a traitor or a follower of the prime minister With Liu Yazi and other truths in hand, Chiang Kai Shek kept silent. Liu Yazi wept bitterly in protest at the meeting. Before it was over, he left the meeting and returned to Li Li, saying that he was going his separate way from Chiang Kai Shek. He was called "Fu Xiu Nan Du".

Escape in disguise

In September 1926, Liu Yazi went to Nanjing to attend the foundation laying ceremony of Zhongshan Mausoleum. At this time, some of the "Xishan faction" ambushed thugs and were ready to use force against Communists and progressives. Hou Shaoqiu, who went with Liu Yazi, was injured on the way. Thanks to the secret protection of Liu Yazi by the Communists, he was saved from being poisoned.

On April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai Shek launched the April 12 coup. Liu Yazi was also on Chiang Kai Shek's wanted list, and sent troops to Wujiang to catch him. At midnight on May 8, Wujiang police station was ordered to send soldiers and police to drive straight from the waterway to the neighborhood of Liu Yazi's home in Lili town. The apartment Liu Yazi rented was originally the residence of a senior official in the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. There were five halls and courtyards, and the doors and walls were tall and solid. The soldiers and police who came to arrest Liu Yazi dashed at the door. Liu Yazi, who is at home, can only wait to be caught. His wife, Chen Peiyi, was quick witted. First, she put Liu Yazi's clothes and other applications in the kitchen one by one, creating the illusion that Liu Yazi was out of the door. At the same time, she pushed Liu Yazi into the closet. Then pull open a secret door at the bottom of the closet, inside is a two foot five wide, two foot four long clip. Liu Yazi hid in Fubi. The enemy did not find Liu Yazi after entering the door. After cross examination one by one, they all said that Liu Yazi was not at home. The soldiers and police got nothing but returned empty handed. The soldiers and police who came to arrest left, and Liu Yazi went to Japan through Shanghai in disguise.

Upholding democracy

After the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), Liu Yazi was persecuted and hunted to hide in Fubi. During the Anti Japanese War, he went into exile in Chongqing, Guilin and Hong Kong. He was compared to Qu Yuan by xingyinze. He devoted himself to the study of the history of Nanming, collected a lot of historical books about Nanming, and wrote a number of research results. Unfortunately, during the war, a large number of manuscripts were lost, and his desire to write the history of the Ming Dynasty did not come true.

In the early 1930s, Chiang Kai Shek believed that the Patriots and progressives who advocated Anti Japanese war had destroyed the Songhu armistice agreement signed by him and the Japanese, and they immediately committed white terror in Shanghai. After the killing of five young revolutionary writers Roushi, Yinfu, Li Weisen, Hu yepin and Feng Keng, Deng Yanda and Yun Daiying were also killed by Chiang Kai Shek.

On December 2 and 24, 1931, Song Qingling and He Xiangning respectively issued a declaration on the current situation in Shen Bao, condemning Chiang Kai Shek's crime of killing revolutionary youth. After reading these two manifestos, Liu Yazi wrote a letter to Jiang Changlin, saying: "the whole Kuomintang has only two women left. There is spirit in Zhongshan. I really want to cry! " After 20 years, Xie Juezai, a revolutionary old man, wrote a poem "to Liu Yazi" in which he made such a note: "Qingling, Xiangning, Yazi, and the three benevolences of the national party." During this period, in Liu Yazi's mind, Chiang Kai Shek had completely betrayed Sun Yat Sen and was hopeless. Therefore, anyone who mentions Chiang Kai Shek in front of him will take the opportunity to ridicule him.

In late December of 1935, Liu Yazi arrived in Hangzhou from Shanghai at the invitation of Yu Dafu and two old friends. Because Yu Dafu was not in Hangzhou for some reason, the next day his old friends Hu Lichang of Shanyin and Jiang Danshu of Wujin prepared to wash the dust for him in the outer building. But as soon as he heard that Chiang Kai Shek and his wife were in Hangzhou, they always had to go downstairs to eat on the second floor. He shook his head and said: "these days, it's not outside the building, but inside the building. Once you meet this generation, it's a disaster. Don't go! No

In 1941, when the southern Anhui Incident broke out, Liu Yazi, who was in Hong Kong, personally wrote a telegram. He, together with Song Qingling and He Xiangning, sent a telegram to accuse Chiang Kai Shek of going against the trend, destroying unity and the war of resistance. As a result, he was expelled from the Kuomintang. Liu Yazi personally drafted a joint declaration with Song Qingling, He Xiangning, Peng Zemin and other four KMT veterans and members of the KMT Central Committee, denouncing Chiang Kai Shek's despicable behavior.

In April, the Eighth Plenary Session of the Fifth Central Committee of the Kuomintang was held in Chongqing. Liu Yazi was invited to attend the meeting by telegram before the meeting

Chinese PinYin : Liu Ya Zi