Cha jizuo

Cha jizuo

Cha jizuo (from August 1, 1601 to March 4, 1676) was named Jiyou at the beginning. He was named sanxiu at the beginning, Yousan at Geng, Yihuang at the beginning, yuzhai at the end, and Diaoyu at Dongshan. He is from Haining, Zhejiang Province.

His father, Chaerhan, was poor and ill. He was married in 1633. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, he followed the king of Lu to supervise Shaoxing, and was granted the post of military department. He personally led the army to fight against the Qing army in eastern Zhejiang. In 1646, the Qing army occupied Shaoxing and lived in seclusion in wanshiwo, Xiashi Dongshan, Haining. It was renamed zuoyin Feiren. In the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), he lectured in Xihu Jue Jue hall and then went to Jingxiu hall in tieyeling, Hangzhou. In the first year of Kangxi (1662), he was killed in the case of Nanxun Zhuang Tingzhen's private engraving of the history of the Ming Dynasty. He was listed as a member of the school and sentenced to death in prison. Later, he was rescued. I like to write Mei in my old age.

Together with Zhang Dai, Tan Qian and WAN Sitong, he is known as the "four great historians of eastern Zhejiang"

His works include sin Wei Lu, Guo Shou Lu, Lu Chun Qiu, Dong Shan Guo Yu, ban Han Shi Lun and Xu Xi Xiang.

Profile

Cha jizuo, whose original name is Jiyou, was wrongly written in the county examination, so he used it. When he was born in troubled times, he was tired and changed his name: three show at the beginning, three friends at the end, Yihuang, Jingxiu, haoyuzhai, zuoyin, Fangzhou, fabiao, Diaoyu, xingzhai and Dongshan Diaoyou at the end. Yuan Huaren, Haining, Zhejiang. When he was young, his family was poor and sick, and he was eager to learn. In the sixth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1633), he was a Juren.

During the reign of King Lu of the Southern Ming Dynasty, he was the head of the military department and actively fought against the Qing Dynasty. In the armed struggle to defend Qiantang River, Zeng dubing defeated the Qing army in Zheshan (southwest of Haining), and then crossed the sea from Huang Zongxi, the censor, and stationed in Tanshan. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, it was renamed "province" and the word "Cha" was also written as "Zha" (in ancient times, the name of a criminal was given a side note, which means that cha jizuo was a sinner himself). He returned to his hometown, set up a hall of worship, gathered people to give lectures, and compiled the history of the Ming Dynasty. In the second year of Kangxi (1663) of the Qing Dynasty, he was involved in the Ming history case of Zhuang Tingzhen and was released from prison by Wu Liuqi, the governor of Guangdong Province. After he was released from prison, he changed his name to Zuo Yin. He lived in seclusion in Dongshan, Xiashi. He still gathered together to give lectures and was called Mr. Dongshan or Mr. Park yuan.

In Niu Xiu's Gu remains, there is an article called Xue Pang, which comments on Cha jizuo: "Zha Xiaolian in Haining, Zhejiang Province, with the word Yi Huang, is talented and gorgeous, and the style is natural and unrestrained. It's often said that his eyes are long and he can't bear to worry. Right, Hainei Qijie has to be found from the dust

According to some notes and historical materials, Cha jizuo was the prosecutor of the Ming history case

(1) (Qing Dynasty) Chen Kangqi, Lang Qian Ji Wen: "only Haining, Cha jizuo and Renhe, Lu Qi, when the prison first started, first sued, saying that (Zhuang) Tingmu, whose name was among the participating schools, got rid of the crime."

(2) (Qing Dynasty) Gu Yingtai, the chronicles of Ming Dynasty: "Huzhou Zhuang Tingfan wrote the history of Ming Dynasty, and inscribed the surname chayihuang into the collation. Yi Huang knew, that is to say, he reported that he had learned Taoism and sent it for investigation. In July of this year, Wu Zhirong, the magistrate of Gui'an County, published his first book, accumulating Yi Huang. Yi Huang said: "Cha Jiyou was a member of the family of Ju Ren in Hangzhou. Unfortunately, he was not well-known, so Zhuang Tingfan engraved his Ji Zuo in his book for review." When he heard about it, he reported it. In October of gengzi, Wu Zhirong was the parent of Zhuang Tingzhen. His first appearance was in July of xinchou. If the first time is taken as the merit, the merit of succeeding you should be on the honor; if the accusation is late, the honor of succeeding you should not be under succeeding you. Today's glory is rewarded with sin, while succeeding you is killed with merit. It's a reversal of right and wrong! All Dharma stations are lucky to be Shenxiang. "

There are also rumors that cha jizuo once rescued Wu Liuqi, and the former therefore reported his kindness to rescue the latter in the Ming history case, but the real situation is not as the above novelists and unofficial historians said. In the chronicle of chajizuo, chajizuo himself denied the incident, saying: "Ge Ru, Fang buyiye left. It's passed down that I had a meal of kindness, and I thought about it. In fact, it's not true. If it is, then the public has already passed on the story, so the public has made a distinction. " Wu Qian, a poetry theorist during the reign of Emperor Qianlong, also thought that this rumor was unreliable in the book of songs in the worship tower.

Life of the characters

Cha jizuo came from a small landlord family. At the age of five, he began to read four books with his father. At the age of seven, he learned poetry from his mother. His mother, Shen, was the daughter of Shen Zongwu, a scholar. She was proficient in phonology and poetry. Cha jizuo studied very hard. When he was 11 years old, he was studying in a nearby school. He couldn't go home for lunch at noon. In the morning, he would take powder bait for lunch. As he walked, he would read aloud the books he had read, and sometimes spread the powder bait along the road without knowing it. When he was 12 years old, he went to study far away, lived in a school, and had to cook and eat by himself. As a result of his hard work, at the age of 15, he began to enjoy a good reputation.

At the age of 20, Cha jizuo's family was in decline and began to live as a local teacher. Because of his high reputation, the rich and famous families are scrambling to hire him. He teaches and reads at the same time. When he was thirty-three years old, after passing the examination, he lived in Nanping, West Lake. He studied and lectured until the end of Ming Dynasty.

Cha jizuo was not only a scholar with profound knowledge and great achievements in history, but also a scholar with high national integrity. In June of 1645 ad, Zhu Yihai, the king of Lu, was called "Jian state" in Shaoxing. After hearing the news, he resolutely crossed the river to join the government of the king of Lu. In the government of the king of Lu, he was appointed as the head of the Ministry of war and supervised Zheng Yixing's army. Later, he was transferred to the Ministry of war and supervised the army as a censor. In the year when the king of Lu supervised the state, Cha jizuo personally led the army to fight against the Qing army in eastern Zhejiang. Much has been gained. He worked hard for the western expedition. He personally organized troops, sent people to set up a reconnaissance office, secretly contacted the righteous brigades in Taihu Lake and other places, and met each other. Unfortunately, at that time, the government of the king of Lu was divided and politically corrupt. His ideas were hindered everywhere and could not be realized.

In June 1646, the Qing army occupied Shaoxing, and the Lu government died again. Cha jizuo went back to his hometown Haining and wrote books. In 1652, when cha jizuo was 52 years old, he left home to teach at Xihu Jue Jue hall. He also taught at Jingxiu hall in tieyeling, Hangzhou. Students from all provinces traveled thousands of miles to study, which became a prosperous time of lecturing. From then on, Cha jizuo gave lectures and wrote books until his death.

Cha jizuo wrote many kinds of books in his life. Shen Qi said in zhadongshan chronicle that Zha jizuo had "120 volumes of complete works, about 8000 pages". Most of them are history books, especially those about the period between Ming and Qing Dynasties. Unfortunately, most of them have been lost, and only a few have been handed down, such as sin Wei Lu, Lu Chun Qiu, Dongshan Mandarin and diaoye.

Representative works

Sin Wei Lu is a biographical history of Ming Dynasty. The original name of Ming Shu was changed to sin Wei Lu later, which took Confucius's meaning of "sin Wei Lu" as its meaning. Cha jizuo seems to adhere to the anti Qing position in his "sin Wei Lu". In his preface to himself, he pretended that he was from the Ming Dynasty, not the common people of the Qing Dynasty. In the book, the year number of the Ming Dynasty is used. Until the third year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, it is still called the 18th year of Yongli. All the masters of the Southern Ming Dynasty were listed in the original period. King Fu was called emperor Anzong Jian. The posthumous titles of Jianwen and Chongzhen were established by the Hongguang Dynasty, not by the Qing government. For the Qing Dynasty, it is also called "Manchu", or "Houjin", or "Jianyi", "Jianlu", or "Dongshi", "Beishi", never "Daqing". In the book, there are many biographies of the anti Qing characters. He also expressed his resentment against Manchu and capitulators everywhere. For example, the book quoted Zhang Huangyan's "baohanlun" said: "since ancient times, Zhang Liang has always been known as a Han, and the Confucian theory is detailed. Most of the officials in the imperial court took this as a pretext to drive away the thieves in Jianzhou, and then took Peigong's death in the Qin Dynasty and Zifang's affairs in the Han Dynasty as an example. Gee! What a pity

However, he was one of the first informers in the Ming Dynasty, which shows that he was covered in the Qing Dynasty.

In the chronicle of Mr. zhadongshan, written by Shen Qi, a member of chajizuo's family, this event is described in great detail, and there is no denying it. It said: in the 18th year of Shunzhi reign of Qing Dynasty, when the case of Zhuang Shi was about to take place, Lu Zi Lijing (Qi, Jingxuan, Qiantang people) told Mr. Gao: "in Nanxun, there were 18 people who wrote a brief history of Ming Dynasty by Zhuang Zhen (Zixiang, Huzhou people, Gongsheng), referring to the first list of surnames, including Dongshan (excerpt, i.e. cha jizuo), sub fan Zi Wenbai (Xu), and sub Ji and some. (21 people in the diary) Li Shuanghui (Ling Xi), who wrote the preface The so-called "big police" must be based on this. The author of the paper said that the book was useless. Mr. Wang said: "I three people do not work, this book is Qiu Zhuang, not good." As a result, he was in charge of the school. He had four or six styles and one couplet in the middle: "if you make a mistake, it's not appropriate to say it." The name of fan and Lu was incorporated into the title, but fan and Lu did not know it. With this couplet, more than 300 students from three families were born.

According to Chen Qubing's "wushizhi", there are still four people who have been exempted from the disease by not listing them Lu Li, chayihuang, fan Wenbai, Lu Lijing Yi Huang's name follows Zuo's, Hai Ning's whole family In December of the 18th year of Shunzhi, Hu Shangheng, a scholar in Chengxue, identified the false accusation It is said that although they are not as proud as the others, they are also the first ones to give rewards according to the law. So Rongyin worshiped him and gave him one tenth of his property. Zha, fan and Lu also had to award the utensils. According to the diary of Fei gong'an, it is said that Zeng personally saw Cha et al. Collect Zhu and Zhuang's furniture in front of cigan temple, about ten Zhouyun.

Chronicle of Ming History: Chuang Ting fan in Huzhou wrote the history of Ming Dynasty, and inscribed the surname chayihuang into the collation. Yi Huang knew, that is to say, he reported that he had learned Taoism and sent it for investigation. In July of this year, Wu Zhirong, the magistrate of Gui'an County, published his first book, accumulating Yi Huang. Yi Huang said: "Cha Jiyou is a member of the family from Hangzhou. Unfortunately, he is not well-known, so Zhuang Tingfan engraved his Ji Zuo in his book for review. When he heard about it, he immediately reported it. In October of gengzi, Wu Zhirong was the parent of Zhuang Tingzhen, and his first name was Xin

Chinese PinYin : Cha Ji Zuo