Yang Shi
Yang Shi
Yang Shi (1053-1135), the word neutral, No. Guishan, scholars called Mr. Guishan. His ancestral home is Hongnong Huayin (today's West Shaanxi Huayin East), and he is a member of Longchi Regiment (today's Jiangle County, Sanming City, Fujian Province). Philosophers, writers and officials in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Yang Shi studied in Hanyun temple and Yang Xidan's "Xizhai" in Jiangle County since he was a child, and he was gifted and intelligent. In 1076, Yang Shi became a scholar. He has served successively as magistrate of Xuzhou and Qianzhou judicial and county magistrate of Liuyang, Yuhang and Xiaoshan, as well as magistrate of Wuwei army, magistrate of Jianyang County, Professor of Jingzhou Fu Xue, doctor zongzi of Nanjing dunzongyuan, Secretary Lang, storyteller of Youying hall, doctor Youjianyi, Guozijian Jijiu, Zhishi Zhong, Zhishi of Huiyou Pavilion, Shilang of Ministry of work, Zhishi of Longtu Pavilion, etc. Yang Shi died on April 24, 1135, at the age of 83.
Yang Shi learned from Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi successively, and he was also known as Cheng men's four disciples together with you Wu, LV Dalin and Xie Liangzuo. Together with Luo Congyan and Li Dong, he was also known as the "three masters of Nanjian" and was respected as the "originator of Min learning" by later generations. He spread the "Er Cheng" Luo learning to the southeast and other vast areas, playing a role of connecting the past and the future between "Er Cheng" and Zhu Xi, laying a solid foundation for the formation of Min learning and its ideological system. It has made an important contribution to the spread of Neo Confucianism and Chinese culture.
(the general picture is taken from Hongshan Yang's genealogy in Wuxi, Qing Dynasty)
Life of the characters
outstanding
As a young man, Yang Shi was intelligent, studious and good at writing poems. He was called "child prodigy". He studied Buddhism in his childhood and Confucianism in his youth. He was able to write poems at the age of eight and Fu at the age of nine. Get people's praise. Yang Shi studied in Hanyun Temple of Jiangle when he was young. At the age of 15, he had a reputation in Shaowu. At the age of 21, I went to the etiquette department for examination. Second, make up for the students.
After returning home, he studied and lectured in Hanyun temple. In 1076, Yang Shizhong was a Jinshi.
Seeking teachers and studying
After entering the army, Yang Shi was awarded the title of Tingzhou Si Hu to join the army. He didn't go to his post because of illness and devoted himself to the study of Neo Confucianism.
In 1081, Yang was a judicial officer in Xuzhou. Later, he devoted himself to Cheng Hao, a scholar in Luoyang, and studied Neo Confucianism. He became Cheng's four disciples with you you, Yi Rong and Xie Liangzuo. Cheng Hao said: "Yang Shi is the easiest to learn, and he can get through at one point." At that time, Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao's younger brother, returned from a lecture in Fuling. When Cheng Hao mentioned Cheng Yi's story, he praised him very much: "now that he is so confident, who can surpass him in the future?" When Yang shixuecheng returned to China, Cheng Hao watched him go away and said with emotion, "my Taoist thoughts will be carried forward to the south." During the reign of Yuan Fu, most scholars studied Buddhism, but Yang Shi only focused on psychology. Therefore, Cheng Hao sighed: "nowadays, all the scholars talk about Buddhism and Taoism, only Yang Shi and Xie Xiandao have made progress!" Two years later, Yang Shi took up his post in Xuzhou, and in August of the same year, he finished his work Zhuangzi Jie.
In 1085, Yang Shi heard that his teacher Cheng Hao died. For Yang Shi, his thought just turned to Daoism, that is, he was suddenly killed by Cheng Hao, which can be said to be a big blow. So Yang Shi set up the throne and cried at the door of his bedroom.
Learn from Yichuan again
In the eighth year of Yuanyou (1093), when Yang Shi was 41 years old, he went to the county magistrate of Liuyang. He made a special detour to Luoyang and joined Cheng Yi of Yichuan Academy. He is quite accomplished in Neo Confucianism, but he is still modest and prudent, not arrogant and impatient, diligent and studious. His story of "Cheng men Li Xue" with you Xun has become a good story of respecting teachers and respecting morality. Cheng Yi was deeply moved by their sincere learning spirit and devoted himself to teaching. Yang Shi lived up to his expectations and finally learned the true meaning of Cheng men's Neo Confucianism. After Yang Shi completed his studies, he returned to the South and continued to devote himself to the study and dissemination of Cheng's Neo Confucianism. In order to find out the truth explained in Zhang Zai's Xi Ming, he wrote to Cheng Yi for advice. He played a connecting role between Cheng's Neo Confucianism and Zhu Xi.
How to govern a city
In the first year of Shaosheng (1094), Yang Shi went to Liuyang as magistrate. He has been in office for four years, saving famine and carrying out benevolent government. He is deeply loved by the people. At the same time, in Liuyang, there were Feifan Pavilion and Guihong Pavilion, which I wrote for myself. Later, "Feifan grass" with Feifan Pavilion as the main scenery and "Hongge Xiyang" with Guihong Pavilion as the main scenery all became one of the eight scenic spots in Liuyang. In Liuyang, he also wrote five poems of Liuyang (feibianting, guihongge, xianggongtai, Dongyang, Weishui) and xianzhai Shushi Ji Zhang Shixian. Liuyang is located in the east of Hunan Province, late in civilization and backward in culture and education. According to records, when Yang was a county magistrate, he lectured in the south of Liuyang City and spread Neo Confucianism. Many scholars asked him about his studies. The preface of Jiaqing's "Liuyang County annals · customs annals" says: "Liu custom is simple and has the style of Huai Ge. After the capture of the Song Dynasty yangguishan Ling Yi, it was even more binran called Ruya Xiang Yan. "
In the fifth year of Chongning (1106), Yang Shifeng was appointed as an official of Yuhang County in Zhejiang Province. Under the pretext of "convenience", the traitor Cai Jing actually built a grave for his mother. Yang Shi was not afraid of the powerful, resolutely resisted his actions against the people, and exposed and criticized Cai Jing's crime of dictatorship and tyranny.
In order to cater to Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty, the treacherous officials Cai Jing, Tong Guan, Zhu Zhe and Wang Zhe wantonly raided the folk treasures and built Longde palace. The Suzhou Hangzhou Yingfeng Bureau, which was presided over by Zhu Meng alone, used more than 2400 ships to transport strange flowers and stones. Zhu Meng and others also took the opportunity to extort money and made a fortune. The people are full of complaints. Yang Shi hated their actions. In Yuhang Jianwen, he angrily wrote: "now the whole world, from the imperial court ministers to the state and county officials, is full of deception, and the imperial court is hopeless." "ministers not only do not respect the emperor's orders, but also the relevant departments do not perform their duties and abide by the principles and disciplines. Where do you put the Dharma He criticized the imperial court: "in order to evade the labor service, people all over the world take money instead of serving, and all the money goes into the pockets of those in power. Huashigang, which was transported to the western city of Bianjing, was particularly harmful. Those people used it to collect money. Before the emperor tried to recall Huashi Gang, the ink on the imperial edict was not dry, and the ships carrying Huashi had already been connected head to tail. Now, although the previous imperial edict has been issued again, who in the world will really believe it if the root cause of the disaster is not eliminated? "
In the second year of Zhenghe (1112), Yang Shi went to Xiaoshan as county magistrate. At that time, the farmland around Xiaoshan county was prone to drought and waterlogging, and was affected year after year. Villagers have repeatedly demanded that the low-lying farmland be turned into lakes to irrigate farmland, but none of them has been realized. Yang Shiben advocated "to govern by virtue", "to love and economize", "to economize on system, not to damage wealth and not to harm the people." He also repeatedly appealed to the imperial court to reduce farmers' taxes. After Yang Shi took office, he listened to the villagers' opinions and led them to build the lake. The lake is named "Xianghu Lake". It has a total area of 37000 Mu and is surrounded by more than 80 Li. It can irrigate more than 146800 mu of farmland. Even in the year of drought, more than half of the farmland can still be irrigated. Moreover, "the lake is rich in fresh fish and water shield, which can be cooked to cure hunger.". According to the records of Xiaoshan County, in the second year of Zhenghe, Yang Shi was the magistrate of the county, handling all kinds of government affairs and making rulings. Because the people suffered from drought for several years, they built Xianghu Lake and irrigated Jiuxiang. So far, the people still enjoy the benefits of Xianghu Lake. Therefore, Yang Shixiang worshiped the local famous official Temple.
Bravely discussing the government
Xuanhe six years (1124), elected by Zhang shunmin, Huizong summoned Yang as secretary Lang. Yang Shi wrote a letter on current affairs with the ruling party, proposing ten major issues. He wrote: "today's scholar bureaucrats dare not speak freely about the world's major events, but just for the sake of wisdom and self-protection. But they have never thought that the world is in turmoil, how can they protect themselves? " He analyzed the malpractice and negative influence of some policies of the imperial court from ten aspects of "cautious order, tea law, salt law, general changing, buying, Keng metallurgy, border affairs, thieves, selecting generals and military system", and put forward many suggestions and measures to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages. Yang Shi put forward that we should not only exempt the exiles from taxes, but also treat the hard-working peasants equally, so that they can get tangible benefits, so as to trust the imperial court, and not abandon the land, leave their hometown, become thieves, and cause social unrest. He advocated relaxing or abolishing the two laws of tea and salt to ensure free trade and reduce the burden of the people. Yang Shi suggested that the imperial court should return to its previous practice and set aside a sum of money as the purchase capital, that is, the reserve fund for grain purchase. At the beginning of the year, the reserve fund should be paid to the farmers to purchase means of production and maintain their livelihood. After the autumn harvest, the farmers should pay the grain according to the amount, and the original reserve fund should be deducted from the settlement. In this way, the state can collect grain and put it into storage on time, and farmers can also get convenience from it. They are willing to cultivate the land and will not escape. However, because the treacherous officials were in charge at that time, Yang Shi's suggestion was not adopted.
Strong resistance to gold
In the sixth year of Xuanhe (1124), Yang Shi was appointed as the storyteller of the Youying hall. In August, he gave the Imperial Academy wine, sacrificial utensils, genealogies and golden potted flowers. In December, Yang Shi heard that the Jin army was invading the south, and even went on two sparsely. He put forward some suggestions, such as "being strict and defensive" and "taking people's heart first". Yang Shi was not afraid of the powerful power, and openly denounced Tong Guan: "he was the commander of the three routes. The enemy had already hit the border and left the army to defecte. Even if he killed his descendants, he still deserved to die, but the imperial court ignored his crimes. Because of this, Liang Fangping and he Guan fled one after another. The emperor should take the just criminal law as a warning to the disloyal ministers. " He reprimanded Cai Jing for "harming the country and the people with his work for more than 20 years. The country is almost collapsing, and everyone despises it." He also suggested that Zhang bangchang, the capitulator, be deposed and Tong Guan be killed.
In the first year of Jingkang (1126), Yang Shi successively held the posts of Zhuolang and shijingyan, jianyifu and Shishuo, Guozijian sacrificial wine and so on. At that time, when the Jin soldiers surrounded Bianjing, the court had endless disputes over war and peace. Yang Shi put forward the idea of unification
Chinese PinYin : Yang Shi
Yang Shi
