Dol

Dol

Du Chun (year of birth and death unknown), the word Shitai, the Northern Song Cixi (now Yuyao Dayin) people. He is a famous scholar, educator and one of Mr. Qingli five.

The scholars regard it as a model to cultivate their relatives and practice the classics. Later generations said that the flourishing style of study in Yin and CI counties began with alcohol.

Profile

Du Chun (date of birth and death unknown), the word Shitai, the Northern Song Dynasty Cixi Dayin (now Yuyao) people. Scholars set a good example by praising their hometown with filial friends, cultivating their relatives, and practicing the classics. In 1048, Yin County founded a county school. Wang Anshi, the magistrate of Yin County, wrote a letter to appoint him as a teacher, and he wrote back. Wang Anshi wrote to Dunpin again, and Fang took office. In the same year, Cixi County school, county magistrate Lin Zhao also hired him as a teacher. Then Du Chun's death seems to be in Xining when Wang Anshi presided over the reform in Beijing. Later generations said that the flourishing style of study in Yin and CI counties began with alcohol. One of Mr. Qingli five.

Mr. qingliwu's cultural contribution

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhedong Academy was the first representative of the Neo Confucianism, or the founder of Zhedong Academy. Quan Zuwang once said with pride: "when there were two schools of Song Zhen and Ren, the scholars were ignorant." And my hometown, Mr. Yang duwu, is extremely prosperous for his parallel collection among hundreds of miles There is no doubt that Yang and Du Wuzi of Mingzhou first took the initiative to cut into the essence of Confucianism in the Central Plains, which can be said to be the origination of new Confucianism in Mingzhou in the process of regionalization of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, and their academic thoughts also have a strong character of faithfulness. Since then, Ningbo has started the construction of new Confucianism. Although this wave of new Confucianism construction is still imported, it is rooted in the region through educational means and becomes a new growth point of Mingzhou academic culture. It can be said that the real formation of Ningbo culture started from this period, so its significance is very common. As Quan Zuwang said, "Mr. Yang duwu of my hometown" was one of the five Confucians who lived in Qingli period. They were: Yang Shi, who was born in Cixi. Yang Yan was an official in Wu and Yue, and his descendants lived in Kuaiji, Zhejiang left courtyard. Yang Shi lived in seclusion in Dayin mountain, and the villagers respected him as Mr. Dayin. He is mellow and special, and his argument is broad and fair. First, he made friends with Lin Fu of Qiantang County, then with Zhi and Du Chun of the same county, and finally he became a teacher. In the county, there is a field on the ancient side of the border. The county magistrate * Mu Jing made Mr. Wang and Yang Shi to cultivate the land. But the people often seized their water. The Jinshi Feng taught the people to "wear the ancient canal to bring the tide into the water, so that they could not get the disturbance of the water", thus ensuring the production of Yang. Yang's food just can be self-sufficient, unjust feed, nothing. Yang Shi retired from the office for 40 years. His moral character has improved and he is well-known in the capital. Sun Mian admonished the officials to go to the eastern and Western Zhejiang prison. He wanted to see Shi, but Shi refused to see him. When Fan Zhongyan was guarding Yue, his past visits were rejected by the officials, and he was grateful for his writing. Renzong imperial edict for Yiyi, Taishou Baoke to fame, given millet silk. During the reign of Jiayou, Chien Kung Fu, the prefect of the imperial court, recommended him to the imperial court, and gave him an official title and a teaching assistant for imperial examination. His death was 76 years old, and Kuang Zhuan was the tomb of song hermits. In 1069, the second year of Xining reign, Zhang Jiao was the author.
Du Chun, formerly a hermit of Yue, lived in Cixi and was known by scholars as Mr. Shitai. Xiaoyou village, farming mulberry fishing grazing, in order to support their relatives. Scholars set a good example by practice. In Qingli, the county school was run by Yin, and Wang Anshi asked him to be a teacher. Cixi ordered Lin Zhao to set up a school and set up a teacher. According to the news, the imperial court specially granted it as the academic record of Guozijian. After his death, Wang Anshi wrote a poem "mourning for Du Chun in Siming", which says: "if the capital asks Yueke whether he is safe or not, it is often in his ears." then Du Chun's death seems to be in Xining, when Wang Anshi presided over the reform in Beijing.
Lou Yu (1008-1077) has the character Zi Wen. Dongyang people, who lived in the former Wu Dynasty, moved to Fenghua County in the late Tang Dynasty or the early Five Dynasties. His grandfather Lou Chenghao (i.e. Guanghao, 951-1022) recorded affairs for Fenghua county with caixiong in his hometown. His father Gao (972-1035) was especially good, and his official comments on things. Lou Yu, the fifth son of Gao, was able to study frugally because of his superior family economic conditions. Lou Yu is a man of lofty ambition. He has read everything from the six classics to one hundred biographies. He has profound knowledge and is respected by the villagers. During the reign of emperor Tiansheng (1023-1032), he moved to yuqingfang, left of rihu in Mingzhou City, so he was a member of the county. Scholars called him Mr. Xihu. Qingli eight years (1048) Yinjian county school, applied to teach County Xiang for several years. Huang you set up county school in the middle of the country, and invited professors to teach county school for more than 10 years. Denghuangyou five years (1053) Jinshi, transferred to Lujiang Zhu Bo, because sit and return. Later, he was unwilling to be an official because he was not paid to his relatives, so he was old at home because he was judged by Dali. After Lou Yu, he was in charge of the county for more than ten years, and was a scholar's teacher in the prefecture and county. He was called "Mr. Lou" for more than thirty years. Lou Yu was a man of great learning and integrity. He believed in his friends and scholars. He was handsome at that time, and all of them were present at the table. He is diligent in writing and has 30 volumes of remains.
Wang Zhi (986-1055) was originally from Tonglu, muzhou. In the Five Dynasties, Renhao was an official in yamutai, Mingzhou, because he lived in Taoyuan, Yinzhi. Wang Zhi made friends with Yang Shi and Du Chun in the same county. They all moralized the countryside, lived in poverty and enjoyed the way, and were respected by all the children. In Song Renzong's time, he was called as a secretary to proofread books. Huanxi banker, who lived in seclusion at 50 Li west of the county, was known as Mr. Yinjiang for his lecture hall, Yinjiang Academy. Wang Anshi ruled Yin, he wrote and discussed political affairs. He was seventy years old and wrote nine volumes of Yinjiang collection. After his death, Chen Zhizhong, a minister of state, wrote 180 of his essays, which were collected in the secret Pavilion.
Wang Shuo (1010-1085) was born in Yinxian county. Wang Zhi Congzi is a member of the Yang Shi family. He has been a professor in his hometown for more than 30 years. In his poems, he said, "I come here to cultivate and cultivate the classics, and start to clarify the sages and sages.". No field to eat, no mulberry to clothing, contented. He has been a professor in his hometown for more than 30 years. "When he asked questions from time to time, he would like to admire the scenery, and his name is" Xiao Zou Lu. ". In the ninth year of Xining (1076), he was granted the title of "Taoyuan academy" by the governor of Ming Dynasty. His descendants kept their learning. He has 50 volumes of the origin of the five classics and 10 volumes of memorials, books and poems. His younger brother Wang Gai, whose name is Yun Zhi, lived in Wangchun mountain in Guangde Lake in his late days, and was called Mr. Wangchun. Qingli six years (1046) Jinshi, for Anfu Wei, Xining know Dengcheng, there are 10 volumes of manuscripts.
It can be seen from the lineage of the five sons mentioned above that except Du Chun, who was originally from Yue, the ancestors of the other four people all moved to Mingzhou from other places in the late Tang and Five Dynasties. At the end of Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties, due to the relative stability of Mingzhou, a group of immigrants with high cultural literacy moved here. According to the investigation of the origin and development of clans in modern eastern Zhejiang, at least 20 clans have been formed since they moved to Siming in the late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties. The reasons for the migration include being an official, avoiding chaos, business travel and so on. These immigrants quickly integrated into the local society, and with their excellent potential, made contributions to the local economic development. Their descendants soon showed their cultural advantages, among which Yang Shi and others were the representatives. In a sense, the Neo Confucianism Movement in Mingzhou was first launched by a group of immigrant descendants with the style of folk hermit Confucianism. Even most of their students moved from other places, such as Shi's moved from Liyang, Jiangsu Province in the early Song Dynasty, Shu's moved from Qi in the state of Wu and Yue, Jiang's birthplace was from Taizhou to Yin in the late Tang Dynasty, and Gao shangze's moved from Chuzhou to Yin in the Qingli period. At the same time, most of the other famous cultural people in Siming were not indigenous people. For example, Chen Xuan of Yinxian County settled in zoumatang from Changzhou, Jiangsu Province because his father was an official of Yindi; Chen Daya of Xiangshan County migrated from Xianyou, Quanzhou. It can be said that the cultural level of the descendants of many immigrants in Siming was higher than that of the aborigines, so they played a decisive role in the process of constructing the mainstream academic culture of Mingzhou in Song Dynasty.
Although Yang and Du (except Louyu) all cultivated and supported their families, and their lives were not rich, they did not lose the pleasure of "sparing food and water, and digging the poor Alleys". It can be seen that they all inherited the style of Yan Hui, a disciple of Confucius. They all took education as their main occupation, which reflected the characteristics of the close combination of academic and education in the early Song Dynasty. Their learning and education are all Confucian ethics of self-cultivation and self-management. For example, Lou Yu has repeatedly read Dong Zhongshu's Chunqiu Fanlu, which shows its origin and development. In the Song Dynasty, Dong Shu was first identified as not fake, so it is not too much to say that Dong Shu was a private scholar. From their experience, Du Chun and Lou Yu were the only two who had taught in the official school, while the other three were only backward in private school. Originally, they did not seek fame and fame. Only Lou Yu and Wang Shuo had ever been minor officials, and only Lou Yu had ever been a Jinshi. During the Qingli period, the movement of establishing schools directly pushed them to the society, and they became the backbone of education in Mingzhou. Quan Zuwang once sighed and said, "Mr. Wu's works are not handed down to today, so there are few words in his works." It is true that there is no way to fully understand Mr. Wu's educational academic thought, but from the left scale, we can see that their words and deeds are quite consistent with Hu Yuan's thought.
First of all, what they teach is the so-called useful study of Confucian classics and history. Wang Shuo, Wang Zhizhao, Lou Yu and so on "set up the image of Confucius in Miaoyin Academy (in the west of Fuxue), preached the classics and history, advocated the useful learning, and scholars followed it.". Of course, they respect Buddhism very much, but in the content of education, they "dethrone the theory of" Fu Tu Lao Tzu ", resolutely teach Confucianism, and teach the useful knowledge of classics and history. They "based on filial piety and loyalty to their younger brother, and maintained their integrity and shame", obviously taking the ethics and morality according to Confucian classics as the core content of their education. "Yintang Lou's Genealogy" also records that Lou Yu "explains how to go and get something, which must be moral.". From a nationwide perspective, this is not a cultural phenomenon in Mingzhou, but a reflection of the historical trend of the times. Japanese scholar Sato Jen said: "this phenomenon started from the middle Tang Dynasty in Chinese society, that is, it was dominated by mysterious incantational religions (Buddhism and Taoism)

Chinese PinYin : Du Chun