du xunhe

du xunhe

Du Xunhe (about 846-904) was named Yanzhi and was born in Jiuhua Mountain. The Han nationality is from Shidai, Chizhou (now Shitai County, Anhui Province). He was born in a humble family. In his middle age, he became a scholar. He did not give an official title, but returned to his hometown. He once praised Zhu Wen with poems. Later, Zhu Wen learned from him, and was awarded the Imperial Academy. He knew how to make a patent, so he was included in the book of Liang in the history of the Old Five Dynasties.

As a result, he reflected a lot about the chaos and darkness of the late Tang Dynasty, as well as the sufferings of the people, such as the widows in the mountains who had no way to escape, the officers and soldiers who searched jewelry, killed civilians, even demolished ancient temples and dug wasteland graves, the cruel officials and the grievances of the county people in the novel again after Hucheng county, They are the true portrayal of social life in this period. His poems are also plain, and they are all modern style poems, but they are not easy to read. He calls himself "kuyin", which is not necessarily the case technically. Weng Fanggang didn't agree that Canglang Shihua listed him as a whole. In Shizhou Shihua, he said: "the ten sages of Xiantong are all lack of strength It is easy for Du Xunhe to combine Yan Canglang and mu. 】Yuyinconghua in Tiaoxi quoted yanxianlu in shogunate, which is also called vulgar, but Gongci was the first in Tang Dynasty.

Profile

Du Xunhe was born in a humble family. He went to Chang'an several times to take the exam, but did not return to the mountain. When the Yellow nest uprising swept Shandong and Henan, he returned home from Chang'an. From then on, he lived a life of "the article is sweet and the world is thin, and he likes to cultivate fertilizer in the mountains" (work in the mountains after the chaos). Wen sent him to the Ministry of rites and got the eighth Jinshi (jianjielu) in the second year of zhongdashun (891). The next year, because of political turmoil, Tian Kai returned to the old mountain. He was in Xuanzhou and attached great importance to him. In the third year of Tianfu (903), Tian Kai rebelled against Yang xingmi and sent him to Daliang to contact Zhu Wen. After Tian Fu died, Zhu Wen recommended him and awarded him the title of academician and guest member wailang. He was seriously ill and died within ten days. Tangfengji is popular in the Ming Dynasty. Liu Shiheng, a modern man, compiled the book of Guichi sages' posthumous writings, with an addendum. In 1959, Shanghai Branch of Zhonghua Book Company compiled Du Xunhe's poems based on Liu's edition, supplemented and collated according to the complete Tang poetry, which was published together with Nie Yizhong's poems. In the early Qing Dynasty, there was a complete collection of Tang poetry, entitled collection of Du Xunhe's works. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House photocopied three volumes of Song Shu edition of Du Xunhe's works.

Biography

Zhu Wen sent him to the Ministry of rites and won the eighth Jinshi (jianjielu) in the second year of zhongdashun (891). The next year, because of political turmoil, Tian Kai returned to the old mountain. He was in Xuanzhou and attached great importance to him. In the third year of Tianfu (903), Tian Kai rebelled against Yang xingmi and sent him to Daliang to contact Zhu Wen. When Tian Kai died of defeat, Zhu Wenbiao recommended him and awarded him the title of academician and guest member wailang. He was seriously ill and died within ten days. The language of his poems is popular and the style is fresh. Part of the works reflect the social contradictions and the tragic experience of the people in the situation of warlords' scuffle at the end of Tang Dynasty, which was prominent at that time, and palace Ci was also very famous.

Du Xunhe is said to be the son of Du Mu's concubine. Zhou Bida of the Southern Song Dynasty thought it was a fabricated story in Er Lao Tang Shi Hua. He quoted Chi Yang Ji as saying: "this matter is rarely known. When I passed Chizhou, I had a taste of the poem: "Du Mu, who has been a romantic man for thousands of years, is just as talented as Du yun'er. I've always been a little fond of Tang Feng Ji (DU Xunhe's poetry collection), but now I realize that Fan Chuan (Du Mu's name) is my father's teacher. " Then Zhou Bida said his attitude: "what is the language, and must want to prove it, is sincere what heart, slander Fan Chuan, is unbearable, Yu Yanzhi especially can't bear, YANGSEN Jiashu once quoted" Taiping Dushi Genealogy "to distinguish it, which is very contemptuous." Chi Yang Ji has been lost now. According to Yu Jiaxi's textual research, there is a Chi Yang Qian Ji compiled by fan Zhiming. Even if the authors of Chi Yang Ji and Chi Yang Qian Ji are the same person, fan Zhiming is at least a figure about 200 years later and in the late Northern Song Dynasty. Zhou Bida also told us that there were more credible records in the genealogy of Taiping Du family at that time, which proved that the theory that Du Mu had concubines was not credible. As for the so-called poem "Shi'a Xuan" written by Du Mu: "a son praises the gate of the prime minister, so he must remember if he is a person. Chang Lin was in charge of the leisure, and there was once a beautiful girl who belonged to Du Yun. " It's just the nonsense of Chizhou local records in Ming Dynasty. He was born in a humble family. I went to Chang'an several times to take the exam, but I didn't go back to the mountain. When the Yellow nest uprising swept Shandong and Henan, he returned home from Chang'an. From then on, he lived a life of "the article is sweet and the world is thin, and he likes to cultivate fertilizer in the mountains" (work in the mountains after the chaos).

Du Xunhe was brilliant, his official career was Kanke, and he didn't pay for his ambition in the end. However, he had a great reputation in the poetry world, and he was good at Palace CI. Because of being in the arms of Jiuhua Mountain for a long time, there are many poems chanting the features of Jiuhua Mountain, which has a distinctive color of the times. The old house of Jiuhua in autumn, written by a guest living in another country, reveals the feelings of abandoning the official and returning to Jiuhua and the pain of being in a long-distance love hometown. In the poems such as the feeling of returning to Jiuhua from Jiangxi, the cottage where I live and the widow in the mountains, it is revealed that the society and politics are dim, the cruel officials, the warlords' scuffle and the people are in dire straits. It reflects the people's sufferings and voices and is a true portrayal of the social life at that time.

Du Xunhe devoted his life to poetry. His well-known poem "resentment of the spring palace" symbolizes his lack of talent with the unfortunate life experience of the palace maids, which shows the author's superb artistic means. However, the main achievement of Du Xunhe's poems lies in his few works which sympathize with people's suffering. There are two poems in the world bank, one entitled "the widow in the mountains" and "meeting the old man in the village after the chaos", which profoundly depicts the heavy suffering of the rural people caused by the war. "The revolt of Comrade Shi in lvboyu county" reveals the crime of taking advantage of the fire and looting in local vassal towns. In the poet's works, it reproduces the painful life of the people in the years when the Huangchao uprising was suppressed and the feudalism was fought. This kind of poems use the form of metrical poems and quatrains, but are not bound by the rhythm. There are photocopies of three volumes of Du Xunhe's anthology in song and Shu dynasties.

Features of works

summary

Du Xunhe is a famous realistic poet in the late Tang Dynasty. He advocated that poetry should inherit the tradition of elegance and oppose flashiness. His poems are plain and natural, simple, clear, fresh and elegant. He is the author of Tang Feng Ji (ten volumes), three of which are included in the whole Tang poetry.

Detailed explanation

Du Xunhe: first, the nature of a poet is naturally good at poetry

"No one speaks without benefit, only I am white headed and empty." (Shanju Ziji)

"It's only natural to chant bitterly, but it will not be true in the world." (Ji Cong Shu)

"The most poor man in the world is the Ku Yin scholar in the river and lake." (suburban residence is a matter, and Li is a matter)

"It's not a bad job, it's all about finding a busy job." (sending friends in the mountains)

"Since I was a child, I've been out of my way in poetry. There is no time to chant, but how long does it last (to Dr. Li)

"I'm so ashamed that there are names everywhere, and I feel that it's secluded to recite poems." (xuyin) 2. Most of the works are presented to monks and monasteries. Have a certain understanding and yearning for Buddhism. 3、 It is not necessary to avoid the repetition of words.

"Full of wine, please don't say goodbye." (a tour of Jiangnan)

"I don't know who's going to be the next one." (TIWA coffin Temple real shangrenyuan Aihui)

"A man must have a place to receive a favor. He will not receive a favor in his life." (to Changsha Pei Shilang)

"I love flowers in spring, but I feel sad in the evening. If you don't feel sorry for the flowers falling early, you will feel sad for your concubine. " (spring boudoir)

4、 He was poor all his life and eager to learn. "Poverty" is often seen in poems. "The day is short and the night is long, so we must study hard. If we become poor, we will be better than others."

5、 Generally speaking, his poems are of general achievement. He also gets the true interest of poems because he keeps the poor and happy way. Although they are worried about their salary, it is human nature.

There are three types of themes and styles. There are a lot of five laws describing the seclusion life in the mountains and forests, which pursue the state of dryness, quietness and coldness, and are similar to the style of Jiadao school in the late Tang Dynasty. Han Luo, a poet of Wen (Tingyun) and Li (Shangyin) school, is close to gorgeous in his erotic poems. His representative work, spring palace resentment, is famous for its maid's life experience, which symbolizes the lack of talent. It is known as the first Palace poem in Tang Dynasty. It is well-known for its "warm wind, broken bird's voice, high sun and heavy flower's shadow". What established Du Xunhe's position in literary history was his poems which reflected reality and sympathized with the sufferings of the lower class. There are two poems in the World Bank (widows in the mountains and meeting Linsuo after the rebellion). The title of the village where I live describes the depression and depression in the countryside caused by the war. The title of Hucheng County denounces the officials who killed and were promoted. The title of revolting comrade in lvboyu County denounces the ambition of supporting soldiers in the rebellion. The title of silkworm woman and tianweng exposes the disaster brought by heavy taxes and servitude. The snow exposes the unfair class Both of them reveal the essence of the social reality in the late Tang Dynasty. This kind of poetry uses short stories to concentrate on the real suffering and deep sympathy for the people's suffering. It is good at using contrast. Its language is fresh, popular, refreshing and powerful. It inherits the tradition of new Yuefu Poetry such as Bai Juyi and has a creative development. Yan Yu's Canglang Shihua is in Du Xunhe style. Today, there are three volumes of Tang Feng Ji, which is a collection of poems compiled by the poet himself. It contains more than 300 poems, all of which are rhymed poems and quatrains.

Literary contribution

Du Xunhe devoted his whole life to poetry. He said that he was not satisfied for a hundred years, and it was difficult to teach him not to recite poetry for a day. When he ascended the throne, he compiled three volumes of Tang Feng Ji, which contains more than 300 poems, all of which are metrical poems and quatrains.

There are three main schools of poetry in the late Tang Dynasty: one is Wenli school, which is famous for its beauty, with Han Luo as its representative; the other is Jiadao school, which is mainly composed of Han Shou and kuyin, with Li Dong as its representative

Chinese PinYin : Du Xun He