Dukes

Surname Du

The surname Du is a Chinese surname with many origins and nationalities. It comes from the surnames of Du Kang, Jiang, Qi and the change of other surnames. During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, people surnamed Du migrated to parts of Hubei and Shandong. In the Western Han Dynasty, a famous family named Jingzhao Du was formed. During the Wei, Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties, the Du family moved to the south to avoid the war and formed a large family. During the song and Yuan Dynasties, more and more people with the surname Du moved to the south. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, some of the people with the surname Du who moved south to Fujian and Guangdong moved to Taiwan, and some spread abroad.

The Du family name ranks 129 in the song edition of the hundred family names. The important figures of the Du family name in history include Du Yannian, an official of the Western Han Dynasty, Du Fu, and Du Mu, poets of the Tang Dynasty.

Historical development

Origin and development of surnames

1、 It originated from the name of the country. Duben is the name of a kind of tree, which belongs to a clan of Shennong. This clan worships Du Lishu as the primitive totem of the clan. After the establishment of the state, it was called Du Cheng, and finally formed Guohe surname, which is the earliest origin of Du surname.

2、 The surname originated from the ancestor's name. During the spring and Autumn period, there was a monarch named Xiong Qian in the state of Chu, known as Du Ao. His descendants took "Du" as their surname.

3、 It originated from the official position. Dukuai was an official who was in charge of food and sacrifice in Jin, Qin and Wei states in the spring and Autumn period. It was an official title. Among the descendants of dukuai, there were those who took the ancestor's official title as their surname.

4、 From Du Kang. The first person named Du is Du Kang, the founder of liquor making. Du Kang was born in the Yellow Emperor's period 5000 years ago, and Shaokang, the sixth generation king of the Xia Dynasty, was also said to be Du Kang. Dukang's hometown is now Dukang village, Ruyang County, Henan Province. There is a record that Dukang made wine in the Dushui of Yiyang in the complete records of Ruzhou, Zhili and other books compiled during the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty. Ruyang County was called Yiyang County before the Qing Dynasty. It was under the jurisdiction of Ruzhou, Zhili. Therefore, Dukang is a native of Ruyang County. Henan is regarded as the birthplace of Du's surname.

5、 It comes from the surname Jiang and is a descendant of Shennong. It is said that in the Shang Dynasty, there was already the state of Du, a descendant of Shennong, a descendant of Houtu. The ancient Du kingdom is in the northeast of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. At the end of Shang Dynasty, the state of Zhou rose, and the Du people were subordinated to Zhou. There is no news about the descendants of Du surnamed Jiang in the historical books, which may be completely integrated into Du surnamed Qi.

6、 It comes from the Qi surname and is a descendant of Emperor Yao. More than 4000 years ago, Emperor Yao first lived in Dingtao, Shandong Province, and later moved to Tang County, Hebei Province, so he was named Tao Tang and Qi. In fact, Tao Tang clan was a tribe active in North China at that time. Because of Emperor Yao's great achievements, Tao Tang clan was recorded in the history books of later generations. Shun granted Danzhu, the son of Yao, the Marquis of Tang Dynasty. When he arrived at King Kong Jia of Xia, Liu Lei, a descendant of Danzhu, was granted the title of Liu Ju, the state of Liu. In the late Shang Dynasty, the descendant of Liu Lei was Wei Guojun. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, he was changed to Tang Gong and was worshipped by Yao. King Cheng of the Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Tang Dynasty and moved the Duke of the Tang Dynasty to Du, so he was called the Du family of the Tang Dynasty. By the time of King xuanwang of Zhou, Du Bo was innocent and killed. Some of the descendants of Du fled, and those who stayed in Du City were Du's. In the early spring and Autumn period, the state of Du was destroyed by the Duke of qinning. The history of the surname Qi Du is at least 3000 years.

7、 The change of surname from another's or from another's. The foreign clans that integrated into the surname Du are: Du Hong, the leader of banxun man in the Qin and Han Dynasties, who is the big surname among the Ba people; duguhun clan of Xianbei nationality in the Northern Wei Dynasty was changed to Du clan in the northern and Southern Dynasties; tudan clan of Nuzhen nationality in the Northern Song Dynasty was changed to Du clan; Dushan clan and tuketan clan of Eight Banners in Manchuria were collectively changed to Du clan in the Qing Dynasty, and most of the later clans assimilated into the Han nationality of Du clan in the northeast, which is similar to the more Du clan in the Northeast today It is directly related to the change of surname of Manchu.

The ancestor of the surname de

In ancient times, Emperor Shun granted Yao's son Danzhu in the Tang Dynasty (today's Yicheng, Shanxi Province). The descendants of Danzhu were vassals in Xia and Shang Dynasties. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, when the state of Tang became king, it was not respectful to be the son of heaven and was destroyed by Zhou GongDan, the Regent at that time. Instead, his younger brother Yu was granted the title of Tang Dynasty, and the descendants of the former monarch of Tang Dynasty were moved to Du, so it was renamed the Du family of Tang Dynasty. During the reign of King Xuan of Zhou, Huan, the Duke of Tang Dynasty, was a doctor in the middle of the dynasty. Du Bo's elegant style fascinates his favorite concubine, female dove, and tries to seduce him. However, the upright Du Bo is not moved. The angry female dove accuses Du Bo of bullying her, and the king kills Du Bo. After the death of Du Bo, most of his descendants fled to the Central Plains. The family members who stayed in Du City took the state as their surname and called it the surname Du. They respected Du Bo as the ancestor of the surname Du.

According to the book of the world, it is said that Du Kang was a man of the Yellow Emperor Period in ancient times and was good at making wine. Some people of the Du family respect Du Kang as the ancestor of the Du family.

Migration distribution

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, people surnamed Du were officials in Lu, Jin and other countries. The deeds of Du Xie, a minister of the sun family of the Lu Kingdom, can be seen in the spring and Autumn Annals. The records of his descendants' genealogy are quite detailed, so he was honored as the direct ancestor of the Du family. When Shu sun, Meng sun and Ji sun were divided into Lu, Du Xie took refuge. His family moved to Ying (now Jingzhou City, Hubei Province). He was appointed an official by the king of Chu, and his son Du Chuo was a doctor of Chu.

In the Western Han Dynasty, the people with the surname Du in Jingzhao had already moved to Sichuan and gradually formed the family of Du. Later, due to the reasons of being an official or doing business, some people of the Du family moved in and moved to each other. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Du Ye of Maoling served as the governor of Liangzhou (now Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous County in Gansu Province). His jurisdiction is equivalent to that of Ningxia and Huangshui River Basins in Gansu Province, Dingbian, Wuqi, Fengxian, Lueyang in Shaanxi Province, and Ejina Banner belt in Inner Mongolia. During his more than ten years in office, people surnamed Du moved to Liangzhou one after another. When his son, Du Lin, took refuge in Hexi (now Wuwei, Gansu Province) in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, there were immigrants from the same people near Chang'an. Zhazi Duzhou, as a royal official, was forced to move to Maoling (now northeast Xingping, Shaanxi Province) by the imperial court when Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty was a powerful family, thus forming the largest Wangjun in the history of Du family, Jingzhao Jun. The Jingzhao Du surname originated from Duwen and Duyao, the 20th grandsons of duyannian, Marquis of Jianping in the Han Dynasty. In the following hundreds of years, the surname Du came into many branches: the surname Du in Xiangyang came from Du Yu, the young son of Dangyang Marquis, and Du Yin, the prefect of jinhongnong; the surname Du in huanshui (now Anyang, Henan Province) came from Du Kuan, the young son of daihou; the surname Du in Puyang came from Duwei, the son of Duhe, who lived in Puyang for a long time and was descended from sun Dumo.

During the Wei, Jin, and southern and Northern Dynasties, the situation in the Central Plains was turbulent. In order to avoid the war, the surname Du moved to the South on a large scale. He became a big family in Xiangyang and Xiangfan of Hubei Province, Mianzhu of Sichuan Province, Chengdu of Sichuan Province, and Qiantang of Zhejiang Province. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, Du Dan took his family and his ancestors to move to Hexi (now Hexi Corridor Area in Gansu Province) to take refuge with Zhang Shi, an official of Liangzhou. In the first year of Jianxing (317), Zhang Shi, the former Liang emperor, became a courtier and his son was an official. After the Dudan family became an important family in Qianliang, some people moved into the near family of duling. In 376 of the 12th year of Jianyuan reign of Fu Jian, the former Emperor of the Qin Dynasty, the Di people's regime sent troops to the west to destroy Qianliang. Some of the people with the surname Du, who had already settled down in Qianliang, still lived there and later became the ancestors of the people with the surname Du in Liangzhou. Later, the people of the Du family moved around from there, forming the family of the Du family in the West. They were still the descendants of Du Yannian. The descendants of Jingzhao Du Yannian moved to Jiangsu during the northern and Southern Dynasties. Later, one branch moved to Kunshan (now Kunshan County, Jiangsu Province), forming a family with the surname Du. Most of the people with the surname Du in Southeast Asian countries moved in from Yunnan and Guangxi, and the people with the surname Du in northern Vietnam were the earliest. After the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the emperor appointed Du yuan, a descendant of Du Yu, as the prefect of ningpu. Du yuan took his family to the post, and some of his close relatives also followed him. Later, Du yuan was transferred to be the prefect of Jiaozhi prefecture (now the northwest of Hanoi City, Vietnam), and his family moved with him. After the death of Du yuan, his son Du yuan was appointed as the prefect of Jiaozhi County by the Jin emperor. After Jin an emperor ascended the throne, he transferred Du yuan to be the prefect of rinan prefecture (where Guangzhi River and Ganlu River converge today). Soon, he was also the prefect of Jiude county. People surnamed Du from the mainland moved into these areas one after another.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the clan of the Du family near Chang'an, the capital of the state, reached its peak, and Du Qu became the settlement of the Du family. The main aristocratic families are Du Ruhui, Du Yan, Du Huangshang, du you and so on. Several people with the surname Du went to Jiaozhi or rinan to be officials, and some people with the surname Du were exiled in Guanzhou (now Nanrong city). In the Tang Dynasty, the surname Du was distributed in the north and south of the Yangtze River. Du Huangshang once served as the magistrate of Shuofang (today's Tuoketuo, Inner Mongolia) Jiedu government, and Du Hongjian once served as the official of Shuofang Jiedu government. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Du rang Neng was appointed as the governor of Shannan. In case of war, he lived in Shanyin, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province). In order to avoid the yuan rebellion, Du Ren, the descendant of rang Neng, moved to Malan Township, anrenli, Tong'an, Fujian Province, known as the ancestor of the surname of Malan Du.

During the song, yuan and Ming Dynasties, the general distribution pattern of the surname Du changed little, but the flow of its population mainly moved from north to Southeast. In the Ming Dynasty, the surname Du was one of the migration surnames of Sophora japonica in Hongdong, which was divided into Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places. During the Wanli reign of emperor Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty, people surnamed Du from Fujian and Guangdong began to make a living in Taiwan.

In the 60th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1722), there were people surnamed Du among the immigrants who settled in Miaoli County, Taiwan. In 1795, Du rui'e and Du luan'cheng from Fujian moved to shenaoli, Tanshui Town, Taipei County with their families to make a living. In the first year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1796), Du birui, a Fujian man, and his family went to the hard rock of Tanshui town in Taiwan to cultivate. Until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Du people in Vietnam and Cambodia were more or less distributed in Southeast Asian countries, even in India.

In modern times, especially before the founding of new China, many people with the surname Du migrated to Taiwan from the mainland. Most people with the surname Du are distributed in Miaoli, Hsinchu, Tainan, Changhua and Taichung. After the founding of new China, there were also people with the surname Du who migrated to Taiwan.

traditional culture

County Hall

There are mainly Jingzhao county and Xiangyang County

Chinese PinYin : Du Shi