Li Zanhua

Yelubei

Yelubei (January 11, 899-937), also known as yelutuyu, was given the name of Li Zanhua. He was the eldest son of yeluabaoji, the Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty, and the elder brother of yeludeguang, the Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty.

He was intelligent and studious since he was a child, and was deeply loved and valued by Yelv abaoji. He was elected crown prince in 916. In 926, he was granted the title of king of Dongdan, known as the "king of man". After the death of Taizu in 926, Yelu Deguang became emperor. In the third year of Tianxian (928), Dongdan moved to the south, and Dongping was promoted to Nanjing. At the same time, Yelu de Guang controlled and monitored Yelu Bei. In 930, yelubei abandoned his country and went to the later Tang Dynasty. After 936, there was a coup in the Tang Dynasty. Yelubei was killed and buried in Xianling.

In 947, he died. Yelu Ruan, Yelu Bei's eldest son, finally regained the throne and became the emperor of rang state.

Introduction to characters

Yelubei (born and died 899-937, January 11, 926-930), Emperor qinyi of the Yizong literature of Liao Dynasty, and the eldest son of Yelu abaoji, founder of the great Khitan state (later renamed great Liao state), and empress shuluping of Liao Dynasty The eldest brother of Yelu Deguang, Emperor Taizong, and Yelu Lihu, Emperor zhangsu, and the father of Yelu Ruan, Emperor Shizong of Liao Dynasty, is the king of Dongdan.

Life of the characters

Early experience

In 899 (the second year of Guanghua in Zhaozong of Tang Dynasty), yelutu, the eldest son of yeluabaoji, was born. Yelubei was intelligent and studious since he was a child. He was tolerant on the surface and fierce in the heart. after removing the obstacles of political enemies and becoming emperor, on the first day of bingxu (March 7, 916), the 10th year of Khan, abaoji established the great Khitan state (later renamed Liao state) and changed the Yuan Dynasty to be emperor Taizu. On the second day of March of the same year (April 6, 916), yelubei, who was only 18 years old, was made the crown prince and became the successor of the great Khitan kingdom. on November 7, 919, when he followed abaoji to the north for the Wugu tribe, yelubei, a pioneer of Dutong, led his troops to open the way. He first attacked the Wugu tribe and smashed it. He captured 14200 animals and more than 200000 carts, tents and utensils, which made the Wugu tribe surrender to Khitan. On January 9, 922, yelubei led Wang Yu and others to manage Yandi, and once hit Dingzhou (now Hebei), greatly expanding the territory of Qidan. In the spring of 924, the Bohai State killed Zhang Xiushi, the governor of liaozhou in the great Khitan state, and plundered the local people. After the incident, abaoji summoned the officials and issued an imperial edict, claiming to drive the western expedition. They were very surprised and didn't know what they meant, because the Bohai State was in the east of Khitan, and abaoji was not eager to revenge, but went to attack the West. Among them, only yelubei was the first to understand his father's real intention of attacking the East and the west, and took the opportunity to offer his father a plan to capture the Bohai State. In February 17th 926, when Khitan conquered the city of Fuyu, Bohai province (now Jilin Nongan county), Abu wanted to check the registered residence and population in the city first. "But now," she said, "now that Fuyu registered residence, the people will not be able to live in peace. If we take advantage of our army's momentum to attack huhancheng, the capital of Bohai State (now Ning'an City, Heilongjiang Province), we will certainly conquer it. " Abaoji followed his eldest son's advice and let him and Yelv Deguang serve as forwards. On the night of February 23, abaoji began to besiege Huhan city. Three days later, the last king of the Bohai Kingdom saw that the situation was over and had to surrender. After conquering the Bohai Kingdom, abaoji renamed it "Dongdan kingdom", with "Ganlu" as the year name, and adopted the allusion of "heaven, earth and man", canonized the crown prince yelubei as "king of man", and granted him the crown of emperor. Because abaoji's title is "emperor of heaven", and the empress shuluping is "Queen of earth", thus establishing yelubei's lofty position of "under two people and above ten thousand people".

But let the country

However, the Khitans, who had just made great achievements on the grassland, did not have time to fully enjoy the joy of victory, and soon fell into an embarrassing situation: in July of the first year of Tianxian (926), a Baoji suddenly died of illness on the way back to Khitan without explaining his own affairs. When yelubei received the news of his father's death, he immediately set out to return to Liao. His mother, shuluping, had returned to the west of Zigong, and his younger brother, yeludeguang, had arrived at Xingzai first. The rapid mourning of the two brothers means that there will be a struggle for the throne within the ruling group of Liao Dynasty. Yelubei, the legal successor to the throne, was deeply sinicized. He respected Confucius and Confucianism, and advocated the complete Sinicization of Khitan and the use of Confucianism as a means of governing the country; while shuluping, who was in power in the imperial court, pursued grassland departmentalism and advocated the maintenance of Khitan slavery. She paid more attention to the traditional interests of Khitan nobles than to the traditional grassland economy. She would borrow the agricultural economy and culture of Han officials and Han people, but she didn't want to see their influence on the Khitan nation itself. Although in the order of heaven, earth and man, yelubei, the civil and military prince, has a good reason to inherit the throne. However, on the merits of the war, he was slightly inferior to his younger brother yeludeguang. Moreover, in the consideration of cultural tradition, Yelv Deguang is more in line with his mother's wishes. Therefore, shuluping, who was in charge of the military power of the Liao Dynasty and played a decisive role in the succession of the throne, resolutely stepped on the stage and appointed her favorite successor with a broken wrist. So shuluping personally directed a trick of supporting yeludguang: she came to the tent where the ministers gathered and said to the civil and military officials, "my two sons are excellent, and they are both suitable to be emperors. I can't decide who will be the emperor. Now I give you the power to choose the Emperor, and you will take the saddle and bridle of the one who is suitable to be the emperor." All the civil and military officials knew the intention of shuluping and rushed to hold the saddle and bridle of yeludguang, and cheered "be the emperor of yeludguang". The crown prince yelubei understood his mother's mind, but he had no choice but to "give way to the Empress Dowager with his ministers.". He led a group of officials to ask for orders from shuluping: "the great Marshal (Deguang) should be in charge of the country because of his merits, virtues and gods He offered to give Khitan's throne to his mother's favorite brother. at the end of the second year of Tianxian (927), Yelu Deguang was the emperor, the emperor of Liao Dynasty.

Floating in the sea

Although he ascended the throne as he wished, he was not at ease with his elder brother. He not only monitored yelubei, but also tried to weaken his Dongdan power. Therefore, the relationship between brothers worsened and the contradiction deepened. The situation of yelubei was known by Li Siyuan, the emperor of Ming Dynasty in the later Tang Dynasty. For political purposes, he sent a letter to yelubei. In 930 (the fifth year of Tianxian), yelubei crossed the sea from Liaodong to the later Tang Dynasty with his beloved concubine's room and his collection of books, comparing himself with "Wu Taibo". When he was about to board the ship in Jinzhou (now Jinzhou District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province), he was filled with grief and indignation in the face of his homeland. He set up a small wooden board by the sea, which was engraved with "poem on the sea": "the small mountain presses the big mountain, the big mountain is powerless. I'm ashamed to see my hometown, so I'll go abroad. He compared "Dashan" to himself, and "Xiaoshan" to his second younger brother, which outlined the sharp internal contradictions of Khitan royal family. After yelubei arrived in Tang Dynasty, he was warmly received. Li Siyuan, the emperor of the later Tang Dynasty, was welcomed by the emperor Yiwei, and was given the surname Dongdan and the name Muhua. Ruizhou (now Gao'an, Jiangxi Province) was changed into Huaihua army, and the governor of Huaihua army, Ruishen and other prefectural observation envoys were worshipped. Later, he was given the surname of Li and the name of Li Zanhua. He moved to Huazhou (now Huaxian County, Henan Province) and led Qianzhou (now Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province) as a governor.

Death in a foreign country

Although he was in a foreign country, he often missed his hometown and relatives. In 933 (the eighth year of Tianxian), Li Siyuan, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, died. His son, Li conghou, was killed by Li Congke, Li Siyuan's adopted son, less than half a year after he ascended the throne. Yelubei thought that this was an excellent opportunity to attack the later Tang Dynasty. He sent a secret report to Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty, hoping to attack the latter Tang Dynasty at the time of internal turmoil. As expected, Yelv Deguang personally led the army to the south, but he was not invited by Yelv Bei, but by Shi Jingtang. In 936 (the 11th year of Tianxian), Li Congke wanted to burn himself and called yelubei to burn with him, but yelubei did not obey. Li Congke sent Li Yanshen, a strong man, to kill yelubei. At the age of 38, a monk in Luoyang gathered up yelubei's body and buried it on a barren hill temporarily. Later, Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty buried yelubei in Yiwulu Mountain, which he loved during his lifetime, with the posthumous title of "emperor Wenwu of Yuan Dynasty". In the first year of Datong (947), Yelu Ruan, Yelu Bei's eldest son, became emperor, and his father was named "the emperor of the state of Rang". The tomb was named Xianling. During the reign of emperor Zong Tonghe of Liao Dynasty, his posthumous title was changed to "document". In 1051 (the 20th year of the reign of emperor Chongxi), Emperor Xingzong of Liao Dynasty was given the title of emperor qinyi and the title of temple Yizong.

Cultural accomplishment

According to historical records, yelubei was intelligent, studious and versatile. He was not only good at riding, shooting and strategy, but also highly cultivated. He especially respected the Confucian culture of the Han nationality in the Central Plains. He once bought ten thousand volumes of books from the Central Plains and collected them in Wanghai hall on the top of Yiwulu Mountain where he lived in seclusion. He is proficient in Yin and Yang, temperament, medicine and Bian, works in Khitan and Chinese, and has translated Yin Fu Jing. He was also good at painting Chinese characters, such as "Sheqi", "liexue Qi" and "Qianlu Tu", which were later put into the secret residence of the Song Dynasty. Therefore, he is an erudite and versatile Confucian with a collection of calligraphers, Yin Yang scholars, medical experts, musicians, writers, translators, sinologists and painters. As a painter of northern grassland people, he is good at painting water grass, grazing or riding

Chinese PinYin : Li Zan Hua