He Zhuo

He Zhuo

He Zhuo (1661-1722), whose name is Runqian, changed his name to Qizhan because he lost his mother in his early years. He was named Yimen, Wuyong and tea fairy. He used tea fairy in his later years. He was born in Changzhou (now Suzhou) of Jiangsu Province. He was a native of Chongming and moved back to Changzhou (now Suzhou) as an official. Forefathers once praised Yimen, and scholars called him Yimen. He was a famous scholar and calligrapher in Qing Dynasty.

In 1703, the second and the third Jinshi in the Guiwei section of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. He was accompanied by Yinyi, the eighth son of the emperor. At that time, he was famous for his mastery of classics and history. He is very accomplished in textual research and corrects all the mistakes in the published books one by one.

He Zhuo, Da Chongguang, Jiang Chenying and Wang Shizhen were known as the "four masters of calligraphy" in the reign of Kangxi. At that time, people were fighting for books, and even more good people were fighting for their school books with a lot of money. His regular script work "peach garden poem" is simple and quiet, elegant and ancient, which is the best work in calligraphy.

Family background

As early as the last years of the Yuan Dynasty (Huizong years), the he family was a well-known Yimen in Suzhou for generations. They not only educated the children of their families, but also received civilian students. They were praised many times for their morality.

Father clan

He Zhuo was born in a scholarly family. His great grandfather Sizuo, grandfather Yingdeng and father He Dong were all students in the county.

His uncle He Yao, whose name is Yukai, was a Jinshi of Dinghai in 1647, ranking the third and eleventh. In the 17th year of Shunzhi, he was appointed as a member of the Department of rites and instruments. He moved to the Department of rites and Jiangxi Province as an official and promoted academic politics. He Zhuo appreciated his father's conduct and was determined to carry on the traditional style of his ancestors and call himself Yimen as an adult.

Mother race

Mother Wu, daughter of Wu Hongji. Wu Hongji is good at business, calculation and identification of ancient Chinese painting and calligraphy. He is the author of refutation of Western Suan Jing and legend of double dragon sword. He is a close friend of you dong and Wang Wan. At the beginning of Shunzhi, empress Wen of Xiaozhuang ordered to purchase 100000 pieces of gold foil in Suzhou to repair the Buddha statues of Wutai Mountain. Wu Hongji participated in the operation. However, she had been involved in the lawsuit for many years, and her family property was sunset, so she died in poverty.

His Uncle Wu Bin, named Zichen (1663-1744), was the master of the art garden following Jiang Cai's descendants. Suzhou weaving Li Xu once commissioned him to purchase the furnishings of the imperial palace. He imitated the ancient system and changed it. In 1703, Emperor Kangxi visited the palace in the south. When he saw the utensils, he admired them for a long time and wanted to take him north to handle the utensils of the inner government. In view of his father's lesson, he refused to go. He has written four volumes of poems, paintings of Bozhan and Wenchao of boyatang, but none of them has been handed down. He moved to art garden in 1696. When he bought the art garden, he agreed with regret that Jiang's descendants would stay in some of the houses for 30 years, and repaired the pavilion, the bridge, the moss, and the stone free hometown, which was still full of mountains and hills. In his later years, his family was withered because he often gave alms. Wu Yonghan, the son, entered Changzhou county school as the first. He failed in many examinations and his family was poor. There are 100 pieces of Gusu zayong, 10 volumes of songshuxuan anthology and 8 volumes of poetry. After that, the descendants could not keep the famous garden for a long time. The art garden was obtained by Wu chuanxiong, who lived in the second room of Jingzi.

My cousin Wu Shiyu (1665-1733), whose name is Jingshan, is called a nunnery and has a posthumous title of Wenmin. In the 45th year of Kangxi, bingxu was the second Jinshi. He has been in the museum for more than 20 years. He was the chief executive of the Imperial Academy, the editor of wuyingdian, the Bachelor of the cabinet, the Minister of rites, and the senior official. He entered Zhinan study, the censor of zuodou. He was specially authorized to ride horses in the Forbidden City and become the Minister of rites. In the 58th year of Kangxi (1719), Wu Shiyu and others wrote 240 volumes of Pian Zi Lei Bian. Kangxi, in sixty years (1721), wrote the one hundred and sixty volume of the essences of Zi history with everyone. Shi Yu, together with Xu Qianxue and Han Peng, is good at fostering human relations and takes rewarding the backward as his duty.

Wu Shiyu's younger brother, Wu Shiyu (1689-1737), was the 35th Jinshi in the second grade of gengxu in the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730).

Wu shiyuzi, Wu Qiaoling (1705-1761), was the third and eighty second member of the Bingchen family in the first year of Qianlong (1736). In 1760-1761, he was the magistrate of Zezhou, Shanxi Province.

wife

Wang family

children

Son: he Shouyu

There was a daughter who was raised by bafujin when he Zhuo returned to Dingyou.

Records in the draft of Qing History

He Zhuo is a native of Changzhou. The study of the history of Tongjing. It has a collection of tens of thousands of volumes, and has been used in song and Yuan Dynasties. It is necessary to collate and collate the books by hand, so that it will be able to make full use of them. Scholars call Mr. Yimen, and it is said to be Yimen reading notes.

In the 41st year of Kangxi reign, Li Guangdi, the governor of Zhili, was recommended by Caoze Yicai and called into the South study. Next year, we will give Ju people a test of the lower rank of the Ministry of rites, give Jinshi a second time, and change them into Shu Jishi. He was still in Zhinan study. He was taught to read by the eight sons of the emperor and compiled by Wuying hall. Even though it is difficult inside and outside. For a long time, he was recommended by Guangdi and called for editing. Xu Qianxue and Weng Shuyuan, the book of history, argued for extension to Zhuo. After seeking slander, he failed to get along with Qian Xue, but Shu Yuan impeached Tang bin, and Zhuo wrote a letter. Please cut the family's name, and the world is fast. Shengzu was lucky in Rehe, or heard about it by the rumors. He was sent back to Beijing. As far as the words in the volumes were concerned, the emperor personally read them and said, "it's the seed of solid reading." There is no dereliction of duty, and I can see that he has a hand in Cao Gao, but the magistrate of Wu county has something to do with Jin. He was ordered to return the book he was registered with, and to join the publishing house. Sixty one years, death, sixty-one years. The emperor deeply mourned and presented the professor with a special gift. Give money to Fu Chuan to return to mourning, and ask him to keep his loneliness.

Zhuo Gongkai method, hand school book, people struggle to pass treasure. There are 400 records of the disciples, especially by Shen Tong of Wujiang and Chen Jingyun of Wuxian.

Personal experience

He Zhuo was blunt and clumsy when he was young. At the age of 14, he made great progress in his studies. Zhuo was quite accomplished in textual research. When he was young, he successively worshipped shaomi of Wu County and Li Guangdi of Anxi County as his teachers, and he was friends with Yan ruoxian of Taiyuan. He lived in Yan's family and discussed with Yan all night. Zhuo was rigorous in his academic research, and he collected tens of thousands of volumes of books. From four books to nine schools, all of them explored and researched one by one, identified the true and false, dredged the origin, and made their own questions. The mistakes and omissions of the books published by the bookshop, the normal writing and the common writing of the typeface are also corrected one by one. Zhuo collated the two books of the Han Dynasty and the annals of the Three Kingdoms. When he talked about people, he must study their family background and make clear their exterior and interior; when he talked about things, he must know their beginning and end and try his best to make changes; when he pointed out current affairs, he must analyze their advantages and disadvantages according to the national situation and folk customs.

When he Zhuo was 25 years old, he entered the capital as a student of bagongsheng, and was accepted as a student by Xu Qianxue and Weng Shuyuan. Zhuo was honest and straightforward, and he was often envied and slandered. Xu Qianxue also gradually had a bad feeling towards him. Zhuo then wrote to Xu, asking for the name of the student to be removed. From then on, six tests were excluded.

In 1702, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty paid a visit to MI Yixian. After being recommended by Prime Minister Li Guangdi, he passed the examination and was assigned to serve in the South study. In the 42nd year of Kangxi reign, kuwei ranked the second and the third in the section of kuwei. Later, he served as an official in huangbazi mansion, and also as the editor of Wuying hall. In the 43rd year of Kangxi (1704), he was granted the title of Ju Ren, the second rank of the Ministry of rites, the Jinshi, Zhinan study and the editor of Wuying hall. The study of Tongjing history is good at textual research, and the paper is different from fangbao.

Soon after, he was framed and imprisoned. When Zhuo was in prison, he was still reading the book of changes in shackles, and the sound of Langlang's book could be heard outside the door. After he Zhuo became an official, he moved back to Golden Lion Lane in Suzhou. The imperial court sent people to inspect the "fuyanzhai" in he Zhuo's mansion, and all the books were collected. In the collection of books checked, there was no violation. On the contrary, a letter was found that Zhuo returned the money to the magistrate of Wu County. As a high court official, he Zhuo refused to accept bribes and did not publicize them, which showed his integrity. Kangxi was moved by it. In addition, he Zhuo's hundreds of words written on his plea were correct in strokes, clear in facts and strict in diction. He felt that he Zhuo had committed a crime for a reason and should be forgiven. Finally, he returned the books, only removed his official position, and still worked in wuyingdian, and praised him for his honesty.

After he Zhuo was released from prison, he returned home to cultivate himself. On his journey back to the south, he expressed his gratitude for cultivating him and recommended him as a native of Chongming. He wrote a poem of apology: "I've been living on the river for a long time, and I'm living in jiumo. Who knows. One rod will cut off the perch, and the villagers will not need Liu Sheng's five character poem. " The main idea of the poem is that I used to be a green bamboo raised by the spring breeze on the island. I wanted to come back to express my gratitude for a long time. Who knows, I have been busy in the palace of the capital for 13 years and I can't help myself. Now, Qingzhu, who originally wanted to seek fame and fame, has lost his reputation and the ardent expectation of Chongming villagers. I have no face to see you and no intention to imitate Liu Sheng in Yuefu Poetry Anthology of Han Dynasty. He is chivalrous and bold, and travels around the world.

In the 61st year of Kangxi, he Zhuo died at the age of 62. After his death, Emperor Kangxi issued an imperial edict to restore his original official position. As an exception, it was given to the Bachelor of service, money, biography and funeral home, so that the local government could give preferential pension to future generations. Emperor Yongzheng ascended the throne. In the epitaph of he Zhuo written by Quan Zuwang, it is clearly pointed out that no one dares to erect a stele for the bachelor recognized by the former Emperor. It was not until the Qianlong dynasty that his students raised money to erect steles for burial. All his life, he Zhuo despised wealth and attached great importance to friendship. He gave his property to his brothers and often helped his poor relatives and friends. Among the students who are talented and poor, they often stay at home to provide food, accommodation and schooling. There are more than 400 people who have books and records. They are called "Mr. Yimen" by scholars.

Teachers and friends

In his life, he Zhuo had a legendary relationship with his teachers, first Xu Qianxue, then Weng Shuyuan, and then Li Guangdi. In Xu Qian's study, he lost his pleasure in "the battle of collating essays in Wuchen". Yu Weng Shuyuan broke up with a student in Qing Dynasty. In Li Guangdi's early years of selling friends (Chen Menglei) is quite critical. Although he Zhuo was favored by Xu Qianxue and Weng Shuyuan when he first became an official, it seems that he has made a smooth progress, but it does not last long. He missed the second division one after another, especially when he asked to cut his students' status. Although the world is fast, he Zhuo has lost the chance to enter the imperial examination. Although he was appreciated by Li Guangdi and was able to earn value, he could only earn money

Chinese PinYin : He Chao