Li Xiang

Li Xiang

Li Xiang (1858-1931) was a native of Xinghua, Jiangsu Province. Master of Chinese culture. His works are rich in textual research on his poems and essays, including the interpretation of stone records collected by Tao Zhai, a record of Maple Garden friends.

Life of the characters

In his youth, Li Xiang was intelligent and eager to learn. He borrowed books from others and read them by hand. He was familiar with Zuo Zhuan and selected works of Zhaoming. When he was 17 years old, he went to work as a tutor at the home of Xu Baosheng, an aunt in gangmen Town, Yancheng City. On the one hand, he taught apprentices and taught himself assiduously. The Xu family had a large collection of books, and Li Xiang studied them day and night. Read jiguge's "Seventeen histories", "thirteen classics annotations" and "selected works". Ten pages a day, reading around the case in the middle of the night. In midsummer, the lotus flowers in the court are in full bloom. Li Xiang recites the famous articles in Wenxuan and walks around the lotus jar. He once made the stone fall, which is a good story. At the age of 25, she married Zhao Yunzhu, the second daughter of Zhao Zhitian in Shagou, her uncle's family. At the age of 27, he was appreciated by Xuezheng Huang Ti Fang and won the first prize as a scholar. Later, he was known by Xuezheng Wang Xian Qian. He ranked first in the two year examination and was supplemented as a student of Gongsheng. He had rice supply every month, so his life was a little stable. At the age of 30, he wrote the book "selected learning to pick up Shen", revised and corrected the book "selected works" (Li Shan's note), and taught Wang Xianqian who had been appointed as the Imperial College to offer sacrifices to wine. Wang commented on the front page: "all the articles are wonderful. There is no doubt about them, but I hate them." In 1891, Xie Yuanfu, a new local official of the Qing Dynasty, discovered Li Xiang's brilliant talent in Guanfeng's poems, and invited him to be the Secretary of the Department. Xie Yuanfu collected 400 cases of books and handed them to Li Xiang, who compiled a catalogue according to different categories, so that Li Xiang could read widely and learn more. He began to study the articles of Wang Zhong, the backbone of Yangzhou school. Zhou Zuohui, a colleague, is also erudite and knowledgeable. He is not easy to let others talk about Wang Wen. Li Xiang said: "the four words" loyalty and filial piety exist "in Rong Fu's Guangling Dui seem to have no origin, but actually come from the annotation of Zhuge Zhanzhuan in the annals of the Three Kingdoms." Zhou Dawei was impressed and thought that Li Xiang could trace back to the origin of his works. Once Liu Shipei's uncle talked with him in Yangzhou about "peach blossom water, autumn moon and spring breeze" in Wang Zhong's inscription on Yellow Crane Tower. Li Xiang immediately pointed out: "these two sentences come from the book of Nanqi written by Xiao Zixian." Liu's uncle was surprised and said, "my brother (Liu Shipei's father) learned the origin of the two sentences in Nanqi Shu. He was very happy for several days. I didn't expect you to say them as soon as you asked." Although these two things were small, it can be seen that his knowledge was extensive and profound at that time. In 1901, he failed in the provincial examination and immediately became a tutor in Kuai Guangdian's family. Later, he was employed by duanfang, governor of Liangjiang, to compile books for the governor. In order to identify duanfang's collection of calligraphy and paintings and rubbings of gold and stone, he and ci writer Kuang Zhouyi separately wrote the interpretation of the collection of stones in taozhai. after Xie Yuanfu dismissed from office, Li Xiang returned to his hometown. His family was poor and couldn't raise a fire. He was also suffering from lung disease, which made him very poor. Wang Zhenchun, a Jurong native of Yancheng, admires his talent and learning, and invites Li Xiang to his home to be a private tutor and to take care of his illness. Li Xiang made friends with Xi Yushu, a learned man in Yancheng. After the revolution of 1911, he lived in Shanghai. In 1913, Liu Shiheng, the former general manager of jiangchu compiler and official book company, invited him to Shanghai to help him edit books while teaching. During this period, he mainly made proofreading and engraving of books, and occasionally wrote his own works. He also revised the Tongzhi of Jiangsu Province and the county annals. Among them, the proofreading and engraving of Zhang's posthumous book made the greatest contribution to the academic circles. His family has a rich collection of books. In 1929, his collection was displayed on the east side of Xinghua North Street, which is called "Shenyan library", commonly known as "Lijia College", for people in his hometown to borrow. Lunming said that he had "a lot of manuscripts published by meisou, but he had to rub his hands.". It's strange that you're planning to hide mountains, but there's Cui men and Chen Lvhe. " There are lectures on Tao Ji Shuo Lue, Wen Xuan Cui Jing and Han Shi Cui Jing. His works include the first aid chapter on the origin and development of official history, the supplementary notes on Wenxindiaolong, the supplementary notes on Yan's family precepts, the selected learning of Shishen, the selected Du's poems, the selected Han's poems, shuxuejian, xuezhizhai's parallel prose, huaishengconglu, wangrongfu's Wenjian, suiguguayu, Juzheng, xuezhizhai's poetry collection, etc. In the 25th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Li Xiang was 41 years old. Huaiyang Dao Kuai Guangdian was ordered to Yancheng Qingzhang kitchen (the land occupied by salt burning households). After official business, he visited local scholars to talk about anecdotes. Li Xiang and Chen Yushu met. From the perspectives of bibliography, the academic origin of Qianjia school and the Poetry School of Tang and Song Dynasties, Kuai talked about the academic trends and social customs in the past 200 years. When it comes to the origin of Yangzhou school, Kuai Guangdian thinks that it comes from Bao Shichen in Anhui. Li xiangze cites the facts to show that Yangzhou school has its own system: when Lu Yayu was the salt transportation envoy of Huaihe and Huaihe rivers, Huidong hall and Dai Zhen came and went there from time to time. The pioneers of Yangzhou school, Ren Dachun and Wang Niansun, were all Dai Zhen's disciples. The two schools of Anhui National University had influence on Yangzhou school, but the achievements of Yangzhou school were far beyond the limits of Wan Wu, and Bao Shichen was not enough to say so. Kuai was so impressed that he immediately asked Li Xiang, "if you don't want to take the provincial examination next year, please come to my home and annotate Wen Xin Diao Long for me." In the 27th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Li Xiang went to Nanjing to take part in the provincial examination, but failed to pass the examination. He went to Kuai's family to teach Kuai's two sons and began a ten-year life in Nanjing. In the 32nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Kuai Guangdian was ordered to go abroad to be the supervisor of European students, duanfang was the governor of Liangjiang, and founded "jiangchu compiler official book company". Miao Quansun was the general editor, and Li Xiang was hired to help the governor compile it until 1909. It's called a Book Company, but actually there are no books to compile. Duanfang collected a lot of paintings, calligraphy and rubbings of gold and stone. Miao Quansun identified his paintings and calligraphy, while Li Xiang and Kuang Zhouyi separately wrote the interpretation of the collection of stones in taozhai. Kuang was a sharp man. He chose the rubbings that had no head or tail or could not distinguish the handwriting to give Li Xiang an explanation inscription, so as to make it difficult. However, although Li Xiang spent a lot of energy on the study of epigraphy, historical records and primary school, he was not baffled. In his later years, he selected more than 160 self compiled commentaries from Tao Zhai Cang Shi Ji as a volume, and recorded the whole story on it. In 1909, Zhang Renjun became the governor of Liangjiang after duanfang, changed "jiangchu compilation and compilation bureau" into "Jiangsu Tongzhi bureau", hired Li Xiang as the editor, and left Nanjing in 1910. His ten years in Nanjing was a period of further academic maturity and vigorous creation. He was associated with scholars such as Zhu kongzhang of Changzhou, Xu Jiyu of Nanning, Chen Sanli of Yining, Liu Xunfu of Guichi, Chen Zuoming of Jiangning, and Jiangdu liangshuo. In the 31st year of Guangxu period, Deng Shi founded the Journal of quintessence of Chinese culture in Shanghai. With the purpose of "preserving species, patriotism and preserving learning", he published classics, historiography, Zhuzi studies, text exegesis and other works, and attached with the works and pictures of the adherents of the late Ming Dynasty, expounded the academic tradition and publicized the anti Qing thought. Zhang Taiyan (pen name at that time was Zhang Yi), Liu Shipei (pen name at that time was Liu Guanghan), Chen Qubing and Li Xiang were all contributors. Li Xiang's academic works, Wen Xin Diao Long Bu Zhu, Yu Ji (later renamed as Kuisheng Conglu), Yan's family instructions Bu Zhu, and literary criticism on Tongcheng school, were all published in the journal. Among them, the article on Tongcheng school was still reprinted in some newspapers and Periodicals after the founding of the Republic of China, and was often quoted by commentary articles. Tongcheng school started from Fang Bao, Yao Nai, Liu Dakui and so on. Later, it was publicized and echoed by Zeng Guofan and Mei Zengliang. Wu Jianlun and Xue Fucheng in the late Qing Dynasty flaunted each other and became popular. After Daoguang, Tongcheng School prose has become the mainstream of ancient prose at that time. Li Xiang's on Tongcheng school focuses on the emergence and development of Tongcheng school and the disadvantages of its articles: its form is superficial and its content is empty; it only talks about the use of function words in classical Chinese, which is a variety of eight part essay. He believes that Lin Shu (ziqinnan) highly praised the Tongcheng school and "put the Tongcheng school on top of the nine heavens" for the purpose of "looking for food and counting ears" (to Qian Jibo). As for his own prose, he thought that he was influenced by the eastern Zhejiang School, and was a miscellaneous prose of his own. The main feature of his prose was that it had substance in its words, and he was able to form his own style at that time. Because of his achievements in exegesis, literary criticism, prose and parallel prose creation, he is gradually understood by people and respected by the academic and literary circles. In 1909, Feng Xu was the governor of Anhui Province, and Shen Zengzhi was the political envoy. Following the example of Suzhou, he founded the "ancient preservation school", which selected more than 100 talented students from various counties to enter the school. The teaching content was classics and history poems. In 1910, Li Xiang was invited to teach history and literary selections, which was very popular. When he returned home in the summer vacation of 1911, Wu Dixuan, who was the director of education, was afraid that Li Xiang would not come to Anhui next semester, so he left three books as a pledge. After the Wuchang Uprising, the book was destroyed by war. Li Xiang once published an open letter in Shanghai newspapers to Yang Tong, the governor of Anhui Province. Sun replied with an apology and sent 200 yuan as a thank-you letter. It can be seen that Li Xiang was highly respected at that time. At the beginning of the Republic of China, Li Shu made a lot of efforts in the excavation and collation of the local documents in his hometown of Xinghua. He admired Ren Dachun, a Ming Dynasty writer and Qing Dynasty scholar of his hometown. He collected Ren Dachun's manuscripts and proposed to build his tomb. At that time, "Zheng Banqiao poetry notes" and Liu Xizai's works were still engraved. Li Xiang had raised money to print many of them and presented them to his friends, making them spread all over the country. In 1913, Liu Shiheng of Guichi, the former general manager of jiangchu compiler and official book company, invited Li Xiang to his home in Shanghai to teach and help him edit books. At the same time, "Jiangsu Tongzhi bureau" was also restored. Feng Xu, the former governor of Anhui Province, was appointed as the chief editor and Li Xiang was appointed as the assistant editor. Li Xiang has lived in Shanghai for nearly ten years. In the past ten years, most of the books were proofread and engraved, and some of them were written by individuals. in the aspect of ancient books published by the school, Zhang's posthumous letters were engraved

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