Li Ruiqing

Li Ruiqing

Li Ruiqing (1867-1920), born in Wenzhen Town, Jinxian County, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, was a poet, educator, artist and calligrapher in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. As Li Zhimin commented, "Li Ruiqing's Zhuan style was used in Beibei stele, which was the ancestor of those who studied Beibei stele for a time.". In 1895, he became a Jinshi in Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty. Later, he served as shujishi of Hanlin academy, Jiangning tixue Shi, Liangjiang Youji normal school (the predecessor of Southeast University, Nanjing University, Nanjing Normal University) supervisor (president), Jiangsu buzhengshi, etc.

On November 1, 2020, the academic seminar in Jinxian County of Jiangxi Province to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Li Ruiqing's death was opened.

Profile

Li Ruiqing (1867-1920), with the name of Zhonglin, was named mei'an, Mei Chi and Ah Mei. He called himself a Taoist of mei'an and liked to eat crabs. He called himself Li Baixie and became a Taoist of Qing Dynasty in the Republic of China. His posthumous title was Wenjie. Yangxi village, Wenzhen, Linchuan County, Jiangxi Province. He was a poet, educator, calligrapher and painter, and cultural relic connoisseur in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. He is the mentor of the famous painter Zhang Daqian. In the field of calligraphy and painting, it has a great reputation. Calligraphy calls itself beizong, which is antagonistic to the Nanzong of Zeng Xi. Together with Wu Changshuo, Zeng Xi and Huang Binhong, they are called "four demons on the sea", the important founder and reformer of modern Chinese education, the pioneer of modern Chinese art education, and the pioneer of modern Chinese higher normal education.

Childhood life

Li Ruiqing was born in an official family. His father Li Bichang, also known as ronglugong, was an official in Hunan Province for 30 years. He was once the magistrate of Wuling County in Changsha. Li Ruiqing lived in Changsha when he was a child. "Shaozhi Gongyang studies, Sima Qian and fan Weizong of literature, and Han and Wei dynasties of poetry." Li Zonghan was a famous calligrapher, connoisseur and collector during the Qianlong and Daoguang periods of the Qing Dynasty, and his uncle Li Lianxiu (the son of Li Zonghan) was a Jinshi, Guozi Jijiu and general editor of national history during the Xianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty.

Ruling career

In 1891, Li Ruiqing took part in the rural examination in Hunan Province, and was cancelled because he was not a native. In 1893, he returned to his native place to take part in the Jiangxi provincial examination. In 1894, he became a Jinshi (in other words, the Jinshi in the 21st year of Guangxu) and was selected as a scholar of the Imperial Academy. From 1905 to 1911, he served as the supervisor of Liangjiang Normal School (renamed Nanjing 16 University in 1949), that is, the president. He took office in 1906. After Li Ruiqing took office, he made great efforts to reform Liangjiang Normal University into a Southeast University. In view of the fact that teachers are in urgent need in Southeast China, elective and supplementary courses are added in schools, and primary and secondary schools are attached. A short-term preparatory school for studying abroad was established, and a group of young students went to the United States for further study. We should spare no effort in advocating Chinese culture, science and art. The natural history department was changed into agricultural natural history department, and farm cattle were purchased for students' practice. He went to Japan to teach western science and modern technology. The first modern art teachers and art talents in China were trained through the creation of the drawing and handicraft department, the establishment of the studio and related workshops, the teaching of traditional Chinese painting and the addition of the music department. Zhang Daqian, a master of traditional Chinese painting, Hu Xiaoshi, Li Zhongqian and Huang Hongtu, famous calligraphers, all went out. Famous scholars such as Wang BoChang, Liu Yizheng, Liu Shipei, Xia Jingguan, Yao Minghui, Lei Heng, Xiao Junxian, Zhong Zhongshan and Matsumoto Kojiro all teach here. Many famous scholars and experts have been trained, such as biologist Bingzhi, educator Liao Shicheng, drama historian Chen Zhongfan and art educator LV Fengzi. Self encouragement "regards education as life, school as family, students as children", takes "chew root, do great things" as school motto, "thrifty, diligent, sincere" as school spirit, advocates "revitalizing the common customs by setting aside time", advocates the integration of Chinese and Western learning, so as to create "bacon and Descartes of China", and is the rudiment of modern Nanjing University.

In 1912, when Liangjiang Normal School was booming, the revolution of 1911 broke out, and Li Ruiqing resigned from the supervision of Liangjiang Normal School. Liangjiang Normal University was closed down until 1914, when the former Liangjiang excellent normal school was transformed into Nanjing Normal University, which started in 1915, and then continued to study. Then it was transformed into National Southeast University in 1921, renamed Central University in 1928, and changed its name to Nanjing University in 1949. Jiang Qian, President of Nanjing Normal University (today's Nanjing University), built three thatched cottages beside the pines of the Six Dynasties (now the campus of Southeast University) in the northwest corner of the campus, and named them "mei'an" to cherish his memory. Mei'an is famous for its "mei'an Qin school".

Life in old age

Li Ruiqing lived in Shanghai in his later years and died of illness in 1920. Due to his deep affection for Nanjing, his disciple Hu Xiaoshi and his fellow friend Zeng NONGRAN buried his body in xuemeiling, Niushou mountain, suburb of Nanjing. Beside the tomb, 300 plum trees were planted and several rooms were built, which was called "yumeihua nunnery". In order to praise Li Ruiqing's achievements, Jiang Qian, the president of Nan Normal University, built three thatched cottages beside the pines of the Six Dynasties in the northwest corner of the campus, named mei'an, and wrote Li Ruiqing's school motto in calligraphy by Liu Yizheng: "chew vegetables, do great things.".

Representative works

In 1939, Zhonghua Book Company published the book of Qing daoren, which includes four volumes: Essays, poems, postscripts and Book comments.

Calligraphy

Li Rui is good at poetry, calligraphy and painting, especially calligraphy. Since childhood, I have studied six calligraphy books and studied the characters of Yin Ruins, Zhou Dynasty, Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty and six dynasties. He is not only a great master of calligraphy, but also a pioneer of Chinese higher calligraphy education. Li Ruiqing's calligraphy is similar to that of the Zhou and Qin Dynasties. He is a master of the Han and Wei dynasties. His calligraphy is "beautiful as a enchanting beauty, and hard as a brave man". He is natural and graceful, with different expressions. He paints with seal characters and integrates them into one. Li School of calligraphy is a school of Jinshi calligraphy, which has been handed down from generation to generation. Famous Chinese painting master Zhang Daqian, famous calligrapher Hu Xiaoshi, Li Zhongqian and Huang Hongtu all came from his family.

painting

Li Ruiqing was also a famous painter at the end of Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China. He was good at painting Danqing, mountains and rivers, figures and flowers. Mountains and rivers are modeled after Yuanji and Badashan people, and flowers live in yunnantian. The painting of pine stone and flowers has a unique artistic conception, especially good at painting Buddha.

contribution

During the revolution of 1911, Ruiqing once acted as an envoy. On the day of Nanjing's recovery, it not only did not hide, but also "sealed the vassal Treasury and accumulated hundreds of thousands of dollars", which was taken over by the Nanjing government. Later, he abandoned his official and lived in Shanghai. His family was poor, and dozens of old and weak people looked up to him for food. They often cut off cooking and sold paintings and calligraphy for self-sufficiency, so as not to be tiring. There is an endless stream of people at home and abroad who have heard about it, who are seeking for calligraphy and painting, and who are learning art from teachers. People from the world of calligraphy and Taoism in Japan vied to buy books in Haidong. Even today, his calligraphy works are printed and published.

Li Ruiqing is also good at poetry and writing. His poems are straight and desolate in ancient times, and have a great legacy of Cao mengde, especially the quatrains, which are beautiful and moving. According to the draft of the history of the Qing Dynasty, "Ruiqing poetry originated in the Han and Wei dynasties, and was related to Tao and Xie." He was a very active poet in the classical poetry world during the reign of Guangxu and Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty. He was once named Gongsun Sheng of Yunlong by Wang Guoyuan in Guangxu Xuantong poetry world. Chen Keyi once wrote a poem praising him: "how long have you been in Jinling? I've heard that Li Mei is crazy for a long time. How many famous people across the river know about it? They compete to recite Linchuan's ancient poems. " It can be seen that his poetry has a great influence. As a literary work, he studied Chuang Tzu and Ma Qian of Taishi company, and kept a brief and vivid account of things. He was able to "express his feelings, satirize and insult others, and share the same interest in strange, strange and strange things". He also had a great demeanor. In addition, Li Ruiqing also excelled in philology, textual research of gold and stone, and identification of calligraphy and painting. His method of discriminating the schools of calligraphy in Jin Dynasty is quite scientific and reasonable. He is an artistic master with many achievements.

Li Ruiqing taught many apprentices all his life, and he had many peaches and plums all over the world. Famous scholars such as Bingzhong and Hu Xiaoshi, master of traditional Chinese painting Zhang Daqian, art educator Lu Fengzi, and Fuzhou calligraphers such as Li Zhongqian, he Yanqing and Huang Hongtu all came out of their families.

In politics, Li Ruiqing is conservative and loyal to the Qing Dynasty. After the revolution of 1911, he was not an official of the Republic of China, did not write the word "Republic of China", did not cut his braids, and called himself "Taoist of the Qing Dynasty". When Zhang Xun was restored in 1917, he once served as the left Minister of the school. However, compared with his achievements in calligraphy, painting, education and other aspects, as well as his clean and honest character, these shortcomings can not hide the good. In 1920, Li Ruiqing died in Nanjing. His best friend Zeng Xi and student Hu Xiaoshi were buried in Niushou mountain of Jinling, and a plum blossom nunnery was built beside Luohan spring in Xuemei mountain to commemorate him. In recognition of its achievements in running Liangjiang Normal School, Nanjing University specially built a pavilion on the campus, called "Meiyan". His disciples collected his poems and articles and compiled them into the collection of Qing daoren and Yi draft of Qing daoren. Up to now, in the north of Fuzhou City, there is still a tree lined, elegant and quiet street, formerly known as Fuqian street, where Li Ruiqing once lived. In 1932, in memory of Li Ruiqing's contribution to education, calligraphy and painting, the street was widened and renamed "mei'an road". After the census of place names in 1980, it was renamed "Yangcheng road". But so far many people still remember the name of "mei'an road".

Modern commemoration

In 2002, academician Chen Hongyuan of Nanjing University proposed the restoration of Li Ruiqing's tomb. Liu Zengfu, the grandson of Professor Liu Yizheng of Central University, one of the predecessors of Nanjing University, and Professor Liu Zengfu of Chinese Department of Fudan University, wrote to the media after seeing that the cemetery was very simple and crude, calling on Jiangning District to take the opportunity of construction to repair Mr. Li Ruiqing's tomb together, so as to reproduce the grand scene of "cattle head in spring outing" outside Nanjing. Later, under the guidance of Nanjing Municipal Bureau of cultural relics and the support of Jiangning District Bureau of culture, Nanjing University invested and designed the project, which was specifically organized and constructed by Jiangning District Bureau of culture

Chinese PinYin : Li Rui Qing