Li Shao

Li Shao

Li Shao (1163-1232) was born in Jianchang (Yongxiu County, Jiangxi Province). Southern Song Dynasty educator, he devoted most of his life to the cause of education. In the 42 years after he was admitted as a Jinshi, he devoted himself to the front line of education for 35 years, with outstanding achievements. Li Shao lectured in Bailudong academy, and scholars gathered like a tide. He influenced many academies at that time, such as Cai Yuanpei of Peking University during the May Fourth period. He was recognized as one of the successors by his teacher Zhu Xi, and was killed after his death The imperial court conferred the posthumous title of "wending" (equivalent to the evaluation of "outstanding educator and thinker").

After Zhu Xi's death, Li Shao combined with his classmates to give lectures in Bailudong. In 1216, Huang Gan went through Nankang to visit his friends. Huang Gan later wrote with emotion: "after the death of the master, the disciples lost their reverence and almost stopped giving lectures. Only in Nankang, Li Shao, Yu Songjie, Hu Yong and Cai Niancheng (from De'an, the first three are yongxiuji) led dozens of their best students to continue to spread the knowledge of teachers. By contrast, this is the most prosperous.

Life of the characters

In 1163 ad, Li Shao was born in modaoli, Jianchang (Yongxiu County, Jiangxi Province). He lost his father when he was young and lived on his uncle. After studying outside the west gate of AI City, Li Shao became an adult and took the word "Jing Zi". 1179, 17 years old. At that time, Zhu Xi served as the "zhinankang army", and Li Shao was taught by Zhu Xi; in 1180, Li Shao was 18 years old. Zhu Xi, 51, asked for a reduction of Nankang's money and grain last year and was allowed to set up a "social warehouse.". Li continued to learn. In 1190 (the first year of Shaoxi reign of emperor Guangzong of Song Dynasty), he was a 28 year old Jinshi. Professor Yuezhou. When he visited Zhu Xi, Zhu Xi encouraged him. He taught both civil and military in Yuezhou. After his grandmother died and returned home, the imperial court appointed him as "Professor of Xiangyang Prefecture". Li Shao went to Jianyang again to visit Zhu Xi, and soon resigned to give lectures with Zhu Xi. Zhu Xi said, "all students who fail to achieve their goals should pay a shilling visit and learn from Zhu Xi. Zhu Xi declared Li Shao a descendant. In 1192, Zhu Xi built the "kaoting academy" and Li Shao taught. In 1194, Zhu Xi became the prefect of Tanzhou, restored Yuelu Academy, and Li Shao taught in Yuelu Academy. In 1196, "Qingyuan party case", Zhu Xi's theory was banned and students were persecuted; Li Shao returned to local teaching. In 1200, when Zhu Xi died, Li Shao and others resisted the "learning ban" and led thousands of students to jointly hold the funeral. Around 1201, Hui Xingzi founded "Xiujiang academy" and "Baishi academy" to continue teaching. In 1205 (the first Jubilee year of ningzongkai), the imperial edict visited Yiyi. Jiujiang Shou recommended Li Shao and called him to the capital hall for examination. He left, called again, and left again. Wei liaoweng, a student in Lin'an, worked in Jiangxi transportation department for several years and was in charge of Qingyuan Daogong. Good governance benefits the people. Zhendexiu and Youshi Wei, who were recommended by Weng, had the power to pass the sentence to Longxing mansion. Jiangxi Shuai Wei had a full-time counsellor. They all resigned, except Dali Sizhi. In 1209, he was invited to make academic rules for Fujian Yanping academy, and later he took part in teaching. In 1216, Huang Gan visited Li Shao and Hu Yongzhu of Nankang, and Chen MI was appointed as "the commander of Nankang army". In 1217 (the 10th year of ningzong's Jiading reign), Zhu Xi's son Zhu served as the "zhinankang army" in Dali temple. He revived the academy and invited Li Shao to Bailudong. From April to may in 1218 (the 11th year of Jiading reign of ningzong), more than 10 classmates, such as Huang Gan and Hu Yong, came to Lushan to make friends and build Liufang bridge. Li Shao, Huang Gan and Chen Mi gave lectures on Qian and Kun. Later, the sheriff invited Li Shao to be the head of Bailudong college. After Li Shao became the head of the Academy, Bailudong academy reached its peak, and scholars from all over the country gathered, "the peak of lectures is incomparable.". In 1224-1225, Cao Yanyue recommended Li Shao to do "Tanzhou general judgment" instead of himself, but Li Shao refused. Zhendexiu is a marshal of Changsha, a matter of the government, Mr. Xianxun. In a few months, I will leave. When Shi Miyuan was good at power, he abolished Prince Hong and established emperor LiZong. Li burnt heart, vowed not to come back. After 1225, Li Shao was invited to recommend outstanding talents Cui Yuzhi, Wei liaoweng, Zhen Dexiu, Chen MI, Zheng Yin, Yang Changru, Ding Yi, abandon Zai, Gong Weifan, Xu Qiao, Liu Zai and Hong jiekui to the central government. In 1226, with the support of Cao Chen, the "Zhinan Kangjun", Li Shao expanded Baishi Shanfang (Baishi Academy). In 1232 (the 5th year of LiZong's shaoding), LiZong of Song Dynasty and Li Xinchuan talked about Li Shao, who was a native of China. A few months later, Li died at the age of 70. 22 years later, Li Shao was given the posthumous title of "wending" and Zhihua Wenge. His son Li Ju served as an official of xiazhou literature, and his grandson Li Chu was also a senior high school scholar.

Character achievement

He broke the official standard and played an important role in the spread of Zhu Xi's Neo Confucianism philosophy. He was willing to cultivate the teaching field. In order to illustrate the prosperous trend of lecturing in the Southern Song Dynasty, first of all, let's observe two pictures of lecturing: in the two and a half months since the eighth day of the ninth lunar month in 1167, Zhu Xi came to Tanzhou (Changsha) Yuelu Academy to give lectures. In Zhang's Yuelu Academy, Zhu Xi and Zhang Xi debated the meaning of the doctrine of the mean in public. There are two chairs in the lecture hall side by side. The students you listen to will stand in front of which master you agree with. As the lecture unfolded enthusiastically and wisely, the students came from all walks of life. The debate between the two masters reached a critical point and lasted for three consecutive days and nights. Students from all over the world came to listen to the news one after another on horseback. There was an endless stream of people on the road, and the lecture hall was packed with water. The water in the pool was drunk by the horses. at the beginning of June of the lunar calendar in 1175, the two schools of Neo Confucianism headed by Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan held a grand and most important academic debate in Ehu temple in Qianshan, Jiangxi Province. During the whole three days, the academic atmosphere was quite tense. The focus of the debate is on epistemology and world outlook. The disciples of various schools of Neo Confucianism and scholars from Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi gathered in Ehu. Although only brothers Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan came to the stage for debate, the debate would be like thunder and wind. The debate between the two schools before and after the stage was very heated. In the end, no one was defeated. Five years later, Lu Jiuyuan paid a return visit to Zhu Xi and his famous "Bailudong academy". Zhu Xi invited Lu Jiuyuan to give lectures to the teachers and students of the Academy. Lu Jiuyuan's wonderful lecture moved all the listeners. Later, this speech was also used as a handout of Bailudong Academy. It was in such an atmosphere of the times that Li even gave up his official post and followed Zhu Xi to study and teach. In 1190, before he took office in Yuezhou, Li Shao visited Zhu Xi twice, and Zhu Xi encouraged him to seek knowledge firmly. After he took office in Yuezhou, Li Shao strictly educated his students, majoring in both civil and martial arts, teaching literature and art and bowing horses, and actively encouraged them to study hard. Under his influence and guidance, the students were very diligent and promising. For example, Zhao Kui and Zhao fan have become outstanding generals, and more students have become Confucian teachers. In more than ten years after 1192, he taught in Wuyi jingshe, Yuelu Academy and kaoting academy, which were opened or restored by Zhu Xi. Zhu Xi had 511 students in his life. There are many people who don't understand. Zhu Xi generally asked them to ask Li Shao to teach and enlighten them. The students were very respectful. Zhu Xi declared many times that Li Shao was a descendant of his own academic circles: "it is beneficial to make friends, progress is daunting, meticulous, honest and plain.". Zhu Xi wrote poems and said, "my way is to pay for Cangzhou", while Li Shao was listed as the elder of Southern Neo Confucianism and the first scholar of Cangzhou by Huang Zongxi and Quan Zuwang. After Zhu Xi's death, Li Shao led Nankang's students to open up "Xiujiang academy", "Baishi academy" and "Zhuwu academy" and continue to spread and study Confucianism. It can be said that he spent 42 years in education and research of Confucianism after he became a scholar. In 1205, Li Shao served in the central government and accepted Wei liaoweng as a student, who later became a master of Confucianism. Four years later, many academies were built in Fujian Province. Yanping academy is one of the most famous academies in Fujian Province. Li Shao formulated academic rules for the academy and participated in teaching for a long time. Some of the "nine sons of Pingjiang" who Pingjiang people are proud of are his students. Around 1216, Li Shao spread Neo Confucianism in his hometown Nankang. Soon after, Zhu Zai and Chen Mi became the "Zhinan Kangjun" again. He was invited to return to Bailudong academy to preside over academy activities. Bailudong academy became the first Academy in the world, which had a lot to do with Li Shao's education and teaching. At that time, there were thousands of students (these students should be at the level of Bachelor or above), "the prosperity of lectures was incomparable in other counties". This evaluation was given by the history of the Song Dynasty, which was the highest level that the education sector could achieve in the Academy trend at that time, and is always worthy of our pride. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were 442 academies, 265 famous academies (excluding private school level academies), and 67 academies related to Zhu Xi, many of which left the shadow of Li Shao's teaching. Li Shao regarded education as his primary responsibility. He did not indulge in officialdom at all. He repeatedly taught his students that "in life, you don't have to be a high official or hold a certain position to make contributions. As long as you do something beneficial to others according to your ability, you can say that you have made contributions." many people regard this as their motto. He dressed himself in plain clothes and devoted himself to educating and spreading the truth. It was not until he couldn't get rid of the recommendation of the students that he held an official post again for a period of time, which brought great benefits to the people. After 1225, he was no longer an official for the last seven years of his life. He devoted himself to teaching and studying Confucianism, and recommended some good officials with correct ideas to the central government.

Chinese PinYin : Li Fan