Li Cunxu

Li Cunxu

Li Cunxu (x ù), Zhuang Zong of the later Tang Dynasty (December 2, 885 to May 15, 926), was born in Jincheng County, Yingzhou (now Yingxian County, Shanxi Province), of the Shatuo nationality. During the Five Dynasties period, he was the founding emperor of the late Tang Dynasty and the son of Li Keyong, the Taizu of the late Tang Dynasty.

Li Cunxu is good at riding and shooting, and is good at both literature and martial arts. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, he fought with his father in all directions and made great contributions. In the fifth year of Tianyou (908), he served as the governor of Hedong and was granted the title of king of Jin. He was brave and good at fighting, and good at strategy. He attacked Houliang in the south, but Khitan in the north, Hebei in the East, and Hezhong in the west, which made Jin increasingly powerful. Tongguang first year (923), in Weizhou (today's Hebei Province, Handan City Daming County) emperor, established after the Tang Dynasty. After the destruction of Liang Dynasty, the capital was set in Luoyang (now Luoyang City, Henan Province). During his reign, he annexed Qi State, destroyed former Shu, obtained Fengxiang, Hanzhong and Liangchuan, and shocked the southern Separatist States. "No one flourished in the Five Dynasties.". In the later period, he indulged the empress in politics, used actors and eunuchs, suspected of killing meritorious officials, collected exorbitant taxes, and spared money, resulting in the hardship of the common people, the resentment of the vassal and the separation of the soldiers.

In the fourth year of Tongguang (926), he was killed in the change of xingjiaomen. He was 42 years old at that time. He was in office for three years. He was posthumously named emperor Minxiao, the God of light, and was buried in Yongling.

Life of the characters

Family background

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< sub > Shatuo people

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< sub > the state of Jin

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< sub > Liang Jin contending for hegemony

Li Cunxu was born in the Shatuo tribe of Western Turks. His family name was Zhu Xie and he was the chief of Shatuo. Zhu Xie, grandfather, was granted the surname of Li by the emperor of Tang Dynasty for his contribution in suppressing Pang Xun's mutiny. Li Keyong, his father, was an official in Hedong, granted the king of Jin, stationed in Taiyuan, and established the separatist forces in Hedong (Jin State). At that time, Zhu Wen, the king of Liang Dynasty, occupied Xuanwu town (bianzhou, now Kaifeng in Henan Province) and controlled the Central Plains. Li Keyong and Zhu Wen fought for hegemony in the Central Plains for more than 20 years.

Li Cunxu was born to Li Keyong and his wife Cao. He was good at riding and shooting since he was young. He was brave and open-minded, and was deeply loved by his father. He loves to read the spring and Autumn Annals. He is good at both literary and martial arts.

Early experience

In the second year of qianning (895), Wang Xingyu, the governor of Yingning, joined forces with Li Maozhen, the governor of Fengxiang, and Han Jian, the governor of Zhenguo, to invade Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) and seek to abolish Tang Zhaozong. Li Ke led the army to fight against the rebellion in the three towns. Li Cunxu was 11 years old at that time. He also fought with the army and joined the dynasty to offer victory. He was praised and rewarded by Emperor Zhaozong of Tang Dynasty. Soon after, Li Cunxu was awarded the title of inspector general, who led Xizhou governor, then Fenzhou and Jinzhou.

In the second year of Tianfu (902), Li Keyong was twice besieged by the Liang army in Taiyuan, and he was unable to compete with Zhu Wen. Li Cunxu comforted: "things will not repeat until they reach the extreme, and evil will not die out until they reach the extreme. Zhu Wenwei forced the emperor to covet the throne and frame up the good, which can be described as self destruction. My family has been loyal to the royal family for three generations. Although we are poor and unable to serve the royal family, we are also worthy of our hearts. Father, you should be patient and wait for Zhu Wen to recover when he is weak. How can you easily lose heart. Li Keyong was relieved.

In the third year of Tianyou (906), Zhu Wen sent troops to attack Cangzhou (originally under Henghai town and then under Youzhou town). Liu rengong, the governor of Youzhou, sent an envoy to Li Keyong for help. Li Keyong was angry at Liu rengong's caprice and refused to send troops to help him. But Li Cunxu said: "now Zhu Wen has occupied seven ninth of the world, and even Wei Bo, Cheng De and other vassal towns are under his control. To the north of the Yellow River, only Jin and Liu rengong can fight against them. If we don't save Liu rengong, the situation will be even worse for us. If we send troops to help, we can revive the momentum of Jin. We must not lose this opportunity because of resentment. " Li Keyong then sent troops to capture Luzhou (now Changzhi, Shanxi), forcing Zhu Wen to withdraw from Cangzhou.

In the fourth year of Tianyou (907), Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty as emperor and established Houliang, known as Taizu of Liang in history. He changed the yuan to Kaiping and settled his capital in bianzhou. However, Li Keyong refused to recognize the Houliang regime and continued to use the name of Tianyou in the Tang Dynasty. In the name of reviving the Tang Dynasty, Li Keyong opposed Houliang, which became the biggest threat to the north of Houliang. In May of that year, Zhu Wen sent 100000 troops to besiege Luzhou and build Jiazhai. Li Ke ordered Zhou Dewei to rescue Luzhou. However, Zhou Dewei and Liang Jun had been in confrontation for more than a year, but they could not lift the siege of Luzhou.

The king of Jin

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< sub > battle of Luzhou

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< sub > battle of Baixiang

In 908, Li Keyong died of illness. Li Cunxu succeeded Hedong Jiedushi and was the king of Jin Dynasty at the age of 24. At that time, Li Keyong's adopted sons Li cunhao, Li cunshi and others, relying on their military power, grew up in Li Cunxu and were very dissatisfied with Li Cunxu's attack on the throne. Some of them said they were ill and did not face the court. Some of them refused to worship when they saw him. They even encouraged Li Kening, their uncle, to launch a rebellion, intending to murder Li Cunxu and surrender to Houliang. Li Cunxu responded calmly. He first obtained the support of Zhang Chengye and Li cunzhang, then took the lead to ambush Jiashi in the government and capture and kill Li Kening and Li cunhao, which initially stabilized the domestic political situation.

In April of that year, Li Cunxu personally led the army to rescue Luzhou. On the 29th, he arrived in huangnian (now Changzhi, Shanxi Province) north of Luzhou. Liang Jun thought that Li Cunxu was young and would not dare to go out of the army. He was unprepared for this and did not send scouts to investigate. On the second day of May, Li Cunxu ambushed his troops at the foot of sanchuigang and took advantage of the fog to attack Jiazhai. He unexpectedly broke the Liang army and completely lifted the siege of Luzhou. After this war, the army of Jin was greatly strengthened. Soon after, Li Cunxu returned to Taiyuan to reward the soldiers, and then began to rectify the internal affairs. He took military discipline seriously, paid for the orphans and widows, appointed talented people, punished corruption, lenient punishment, and cracked down on thieves, which greatly changed the folk customs of Jin and made the people return to their hearts.

In November of the seventh year of Tianyou (910), Zhu Wen sent 3000 troops to Shenzhou and Jizhou in an attempt to capture Chengde and Yiwu towns. Chengde Jiedu envoy Wang Rong and Yiwu Jiedu envoy Wang Chuzhi successively sent envoys to Li Cunxu for help, expressing their willingness to form an anti Liang alliance with the state of Jin and jointly promote Li Cunxu as the leader of the alliance. Li Cunxu fought against public opinion and resolutely sent troops to help each other. He personally led the Jin army to move eastward, so in December, he went to the North Bank of Yehe River (today's Fuyang River tributary) which is Wuli away from Baixiang, and confronted Liang army across the river.

In the first month of the eighth year of Tianyou (911), Li Cunxu ordered Zhou Dewei to lead 300 Jing to challenge Liang's army, angered Liang General Wang Jingren, and lured Liang's army to the plain south of Fuyi. He took advantage of the terrain and waited for work with ease. When the Liang army was tired, he led his cavalry to attack and smash the Liang army. He captured 285 generals of the Liang army and decapitated 20000. In this battle, Liang's army lay dead for tens of miles, and the elite imperial guards such as Longxiang, Shenwei and Shenjie were completely destroyed. Wang Jingren, Han Qing and Li Si'an led only dozens of riders to flee home overnight. From then on, Chengde town and Yiwu town completely fell to the state of Jin.

Merger of Hebei

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< sub > three towns of Heshuo

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< sub > Jie Yan

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< sub > battle of Youzhou

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< sub > battle of Weizhou

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< sub > the battle of Youzhou

After the war of Baixiang, Li Cunxu decided to postpone the attack on Houliang and seize Hebei first to eliminate his worries. His first goal was to imprison his father Liu rengong and succeed Liu Shouguang, the king of Yan, who was the governor of Youzhou. He used arrogant tactics to unite Chengde, Yiwu, Zhaoyi, Zhenwu and Tiande, sent envoys to fengce, and respected Liu Shouguang as his father, so as to develop his ambition. Liu Shouguang thought that Liuzhen was afraid of the military power of Youzhou, and even more arrogant. He learned that Shang Fu had no right to worship heaven and reform yuan, and regardless of the opposition of the shogunate generals, he brazenly declared himself Emperor in Youzhou in August of the eighth year of Tianyou (911). He was known as Dayan and Jieyan in history. In December of that year, Li Cunxu ordered Zhou Dewei to go out of feihukou (now Yuxian County, Hebei Province) and unite chengdezhen and Yiwu towns to fight against Liu Shouguang.

In 912, Zhou Dewei captured Zhuozhou and surrounded Youzhou. Liu Shouguang rushed to the back beam for help. Zhu Wen led the army northward, ordered Yang Shihou to besiege Zaoqiang, and ordered he Delun to attack Qiong county (now Jingxian County, Hebei Province). However, although the Liang army defeated Zaoqiang, it was defeated by Fu CunShen and Shi Jiantang. Zhu Wen was ashamed to get sick and returned to Luoyang. Soon he was killed by his son Zhu Youli.

In 913, Zhu Youzhen launched a coup to kill Zhu Youzhen and seize the throne. The Jin army seized shunzhou (Shunyi, Beijing), Tanzhou (Miyun, Beijing), Wuzhou (Xuanhua, Hebei), Pingzhou (Lulong, Hebei) and Yingzhou (Chaoyang, Liaoning). In November of that year, Li Cunxu personally conquered the state of Yan, conquered Youzhou, and captured Liu rengong (who had been imprisoned by Liu Shouguang), Liu Shouguang and his son. He left Zhou Dewei to guard Youzhou.

In 914, Li Cunxu returned to Taiyuan and executed Liu rengong and his son in honor of Li Keyong. At that time, Li Cunxu broke Houliang in the South and settled Jieyan in the north, which made him powerful all over the world. Wang Rong and Wang Chuzhi sent envoys to Jin one after another, and jointly promoted Li Cunxu as the minister. Li Cunxu resigned three times according to the ceremony, and then accepted the office of minister. He set up bafu in Taiyuan and built a new office

Chinese PinYin : Li Cun Xu