Zhang Qixian

Zhang Qixian

Zhang Qixian (942-1014), whose character was written by Liang. Cao Zhou YuanJu (now Heze, Shandong Province) was a native of Luoyang (now Henan Province). He was a famous official in the Northern Song Dynasty.

In 977, Zhang Qixian ascended the rank of Jinshi. He successively held the posts of general judge, privy Deputy envoy, Minister of the Ministry of war, Minister of Tongzhong, Minister of the Ministry of officials, and Sikong. He also led the border army to fight against Khitan, and had a good record. Twenty one years before and after becoming prime minister, he made great contributions to politics, military affairs and diplomacy in the early Northern Song Dynasty. It is said in history that it has "four practices, two prefectures, nine residences and eight seats. It ranks the third in its old age with three gongs.

In 1014, Zhang Qixian died in 1972. His posthumous title is "wending". There are "Shulu Jieti" and "old news of Luoyang gentry" handed down to the world.

Life of the characters

Early experience

When Zhang Qixian was only three years old, he was in turmoil in the Late Jin Dynasty and moved to Luoyang with his family. Although he was lonely and poor in his youth, he studied hard and had great ambition. Because Zhang Qixian admired Li Daliang, a famous official in the early Tang Dynasty, he chose the word "Shi Liang". When Zhao Kuangyin arrived at Xidu, Qi Xian came to Zhao Kuangyin's horse as a cloth clothes to offer advice, and was called to the palace. Qi Xian painted the land by hand, and stated ten things one by one, which were: merging the lower fens; enriching the people; feudalism; dutiful piety; promoting the virtuous; Imperial Academy; Jitian; selecting good officials; cautious punishment; punishing traitors. Four of them are in line with Zhao Kuangyin's meaning. Zhang Qixian insists that all the ten are good. Zhao Kuangyin gets angry and asks the samurai to drag him out. After returning to the court, Zhao Kuangyin said to Zhao Guangyi, "when I went to Xidu, I only got one Zhang Qixian. I don't intend to appoint him as an official. I can let him assist you as prime minister in the future. "

Discerning the living

Rejuvenating the country through Taiping

two

In 977, Zhao Guangyi was a scholar. He wanted to admit Qi Xian to the top of the list, but he made a mistake by chance. Zhao Guangyi was not happy. A list of Jinshi were appointed as officials of Beijing, so Qi Xian was appointed to judge Hengzhou as Dali. At that time, the robbers were tried in Hengzhou, and they were all executed after the trial. When Zhang Qixian came to office, he saved five of them who were wrongly sentenced. From Jingzhu to Guizhou, there were thousands of waterborne postmen, who were suffering from postal servitude and lack of food and clothing. Qi Xianshang lost half of them. in the fourth year of Taiping's rejuvenation of the country (979), he returned to the DPRK after his term of office, which coincided with Zhao Guangyi's personal expedition to the northern Han Dynasty. Xinzhou had just been conquered, and he was appointed governor of Xinzhou.

Direct admonition

In 980, Zhao Guangyi summoned Zhang Qixian to return to the imperial court, where he was appointed as Zuo Lang, the author of the book, Zhishi Guan, and Zuo Shiyi. In the winter of the same year, when Taizong went to the north, all the people who talked about it said that you Ji should be taken as soon as possible. Zhang Qixian Shangshu said, "now that the sea is unified and the government and the field are stable, it's related to your Majesty's worry. Isn't it because Hedong has just been pacified, there are too many troops stationed, you Ji has not been captured, and the transportation of food and grass is overworked? I don't think that's a concern. Ever since Hedong was pacified, I have known Xinzhou and captured Qidan's nano scribes. They all said that Qidan transported grain and grass from the back of the mountain to Hedong. As far as I'm concerned, Qidan's ability to provide its own military supplies is due to the fact that it did not try its best to Taiyuan. However, Taiyuan was eventually occupied by our side because of the lack of Qidan's military strength. Hedong has just been pacified, but people's hearts are not yet stable. There are no military barracks in LAN, Xian, Xin and Daiji prefectures. When the enemy attacks, all the fields will be lost. When the enemy invades the border, it will be worried about guarding. When we arrived at the key areas of the country, we increased the barriers, controlled the left and right sides, strictly guarded the border, implemented the good faith, and calmed the people's hearts, the enemy went to Yanmen and Yangwu Valley to fight for small profits, and their intelligence knew the consequences. Sages are considerate in their actions and actions. It is better to win without fighting than to win a hundred battles. If they think carefully, Qidan is not enough to swallow and Yanji is not enough to take. Since ancient times, it is difficult to deal with the border affairs, not only because of the enemy, but also because of the invasion of border officials. If there is a suitable candidate for the caretaker of the marginal villages, as long as we reinforce the barriers, dig deep ditches, conserve our energy, and live in leisure, we can make the enemy rest. This is why Li Mu is used by Zhao. It's better to choose a general than a soldier, and it's better to choose a person than a force. If so, the frontier will be quiet. If the frontier is quiet, the labor of transportation will be reduced. If the transportation is reduced, the people in Hebei will be able to recuperate. If the people get recuperation, the land will be rich and the silkworm achievements will be increased. The people will concentrate on farming, accumulate food and enrich the expenses of the frontier. What's more, the enemy's heart is to choose advantage and avoid harm. How can he go to the place where he will die to be a bandit? I've heard that those who take liuhenei as their home and the world as their heart, where can they fight for an inch of space and strength? Therefore, sages should first seek the foundation and then the end, so as to make the country stable and resist the enemy. People are the foundation, land is the end. The five emperors and the first king, there is no fundamental ah. There was no other way for Yao and Shun to govern the people, but to stabilize the people and seek profits for them. When the people are stable and beneficial, people from afar will come respectfully. Your Majesty's love for the common people and his desire to make profits in the world are really Yao and shun. I guess that most of the ministers, because of their tiny interests, employ their skills to invade the poor people and think that they are successful. As for the sufferings of the common people, there is nothing greater than seeing the images, hearing the images, and hearing the images. I hope that we can carefully choose the common Confucianists and interview Zhejiang, Jiangnan, Jinghu, Xichuan, Lingnan and Hedong. We can correct those places where taxes and levies were heavy in the past, and follow the old rules to benefit the people, so that taxes and levies are beneficial to the people, and can be implemented for a long time to legislate for the holy Dynasty. In addition to the old disadvantages, if it is inconvenient for the people in all the States, we can entrust the chief officials to appeal. Those who dare to follow the old law will be severely punished. So that the people all over the world will know your Majesty's wishes and appreciate his Majesty's kindness. If you use virtue to move people from afar, and use kindness to benefit the people, then the people from afar will be able to surrender within a short time. "

Correct the people's malpractice

In the sixth year of Taiping's rejuvenation of the state (981), he served as the Deputy transport envoy of Jiangnan West Road. When Qi Xian arrived, he inquired that the three prefectures of Rao, Xin and Qian were the places where copper, iron, lead and tin were produced. He deduced the method of casting money in the previous dynasty. He took the money from Yongping prison of Rao as the fixed formula, and cast 500000 yuan of money every year. A total of 150000 Jin of copper, 360000 Jin of lead and 160000 Jin of tin were used. He went to the court to state the matter face to face. The statement was detailed and accurate, and the speaker could not blame it. in the past, criminals from various states were sent to the capital with many weapons, and 56% of them died on the road. Qi Xian met the criminals escorted by Nanjian, Jianchang and Qianzhou on his way. He wanted to come to the file and see if they were not the first criminals, they would all be vindicated. Therefore, he strongly suggested to the imperial court that if the prisoners were sent to the capital to be interrogated by the officials appointed by the government, if not, they should be interrogated by the officials who had been interrogated. Since then, more than half of the criminals sent to the capital by Jiangnan have been reduced. Once upon a time, people living on the land of the government had to pay for land and houses. Although the land along the Yangtze River in Jizhou sank, they still had to pay for the land of GouLan. Those who weaved wood to float on the water had to pay for the land of Shuichang. in the Southern Tang Dynasty, every family in the south of the Yangtze River who could pay more than 3000 yuan in taxes sent out a strong man to stab his face and bring his own weapons to the government. When he went to war, he was given two liters of grain a day, which was called the volunteers. After the imperial court was attached, all these people were sent home to work in agriculture. At this time, the speaker thought that these people had been in the army for a long time and didn't like farming, so he asked to send messengers to select personnel to serve as sergeants and send them to the imperial court with their families. Qi Xianshang said: "Jiangnan volunteers are all good people. They can't escape because they have been matched by Tsing. After the conquest of Jiangnan, they went back home to work in agriculture. For a long time, they were suffered by the royal family and loved agriculture. If the door-to-door search, there will be no panic. The law advocates stability, and the political affairs advocate quietness. Since the previous amnesty decrees released them to agriculture, it would be better to follow the old edicts. " Zhang Qixian is an envoy. He is diligent in rectifying the people's evils and carrying out lenient policies. People in the south of the Yangtze River never forget to miss him. He was recalled to the imperial court and appointed as a direct privy officer. He was promoted to a right counsellor and signed a letter to the Privy Council.

War against Liao Army

Master data:

The battle of Tujia Village

In the early years of Yongxi's reign (984), Zhang Qixian was appointed as a doctor of Zuo Jianyi. In the third year of Yongxi's reign (986), the song army launched a large-scale Northern Expedition, and Yang Ye was killed. Zhao Guangyi visited his close ministers as a response, and Zhang Qixian asked to go, that is, he was appointed to Shizhong and zhidaizhou to lead the frontier army with Pan Mei. At that time, the Liao soldiers attacked from the Lake Valley and approached the lower part of the city. Under the leadership of the Shenwei duxiao Ma Zheng, the troops formed an array outside the south gate, outnumbered by the others. Lu Hanfu, the deputy commander, was afraid to defend the camp. Qi Xian sent 2000 Xiang soldiers to march from Ma Zheng's right side and vowed generously that one should be a hundred, so Liao soldiers retreated. Before that, Zhang Qixian asked pan Mei to command Bingzhou army to fight. Soon after, the emissary was captured by Liao soldiers. Since the date of the meeting was leaked, Zhang Qixian considered that Pan Mei's army would be attacked by Liao. Later, pan Mei sent envoys to Bingzhou, saying that the army had started from Bingzhou and arrived at Baijing. After receiving a secret edict, the eastern army was defeated in the scholar's Academy. The whole army of Bingzhou was not allowed to fight and had returned to Bingzhou. At that time, Liao troops were all over the mountains, and Zhang Qixian said, "the enemy only knew that Pan Mei was coming to join forces, but did not know that Pan Mei had retired." So he closed the envoys in the secret room and sent out 200 troops in the middle of the night. Each of them carried a flag and a bunch of grass. They were thirty miles southwest of the city and fired flags to burn hay. Liao soldiers saw a flag in the fire from a distance, thought that Bingzhou troops arrived, and fled in horror. Zhang Qixian first buried two thousand ambush soldiers in tudengzhai, attacked and defeated the Liao army, captured one son of the northern king of the Liao army, one man of the sacrificial relics in front of the tent, killed hundreds of enemies, and captured two thousand horses and many weapons. Qi Xian attributed the credit to Lu Hanfu. in the winter of the first year of Duangong (988), he was appointed as the Minister of the Ministry of industry. Liaobing

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Qi Xian