Nanling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong

Nanling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong

Guangdong Nanling National Nature Reserve was established in 1994. It is located in the north of Guangdong Province, at the south foot of the middle part of Nanling Mountains. Its geographical coordinates are 112 ° 30 ′ - 113 ° 04 ′ E and 24 ° 37 ′ - 24 ° 57 ′ n. It belongs to Forest Ecological Nature Reserve. The main protected objects are subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, rare and endangered wildlife and their habitats. The total area of the reserve is 58700 hectares, including 27700 hectares of core area, 13800 hectares of buffer area and 17100 hectares of experimental area. The forest coverage rate of the reserve is more than 98%.

In January 2015, Guangdong Nanling National Nature Reserve was named "Guangdong science popularization education base" by Guangdong science and Technology Association

. On March 14, 2017, it was named "national forestry science popularization base" by China forestry society

In August 2017, Guangdong Nanling National Nature Reserve Administration and South China Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly completed a scientific and technological achievement "comprehensive investigation, research and application of Guangdong Nanling Mountain plants", which won the second prize of 2016 Shaoguan science and technology progress award

.

Nanling Nature Reserve is one of the birthplaces of the Pearl River, the nature reserve with the richest biological resources in Guangdong Province, the largest gene pool of biological species in Guangdong Province, and one of the 14 biodiversity hotspots in China. It is known as the "treasure house of species" and "Nanling pearl"

.

Historical evolution

The predecessor of the nature reserve

Nanling National Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province is established on the basis of the original Ruyang, Dadingshan, longtanjiao, weighing frame, Dadongshan five provincial nature reserves.

Ruyang Provincial Nature Reserve: in 1958, shijiaotang Forestry Administration of Shaoguan special administration was established, with an operating area of 133000 hectares; in 1959, shijiaotang forestry administration was transformed into Ruyang Forestry Bureau of Guangdong forestry department; in 1985, with the approval of the provincial people's government, Ruyang forestry bureau established "Guangdong Ruyang Babaoshan Provincial Nature Reserve", with an area of 3301 hectares; In 1993, with the approval of the provincial people's government, Ruyang Provincial Nature Reserve was established.

Dadingshan Provincial Nature Reserve: in 1958, Tianjingshan forest farm of shijiaotang Forestry Administration of Shaoguan special administration was established, with an operating area of 22755 hectares; in 1959, shijiaotang forestry administration was changed into Ruyang Forestry Bureau of Guangdong forestry department, and at the same time, it was changed into Ruyang Forestry Bureau of Guangdong Forestry Department Tianjingshan forest farm; in 1963, it was changed to "Tianjingshan forest farm of Guangdong Province"; in 1984, it was changed to "state-owned Tianjingshan forest farm", which is directly under the management of the provincial forestry department. In 1993, with the approval of the provincial people's government, the "Guangdong Dadingshan provincial nature reserve" was established, covering an area of 101.3 million hectares.

Longtanjiao Provincial Nature Reserve: in 1966, it established "weighbridge logging farm"; in 1970, it was rebuilt as "weighbridge breeding farm"; in 1980, it was rebuilt as "state-owned weighbridge forest farm", with a business area of 5374 hectares; in 1993, the people's Government of Yangshan County applied to the Provincial People's government for the establishment of longtanjiao provincial nature reserve within the scope of state-owned weighbridge forest farm, which was approved in the same year.

HENGJIA Provincial Nature Reserve: in 1983, the people's Government of Yangshan County established the HENGJIA river source forest reserve; in 1990, with the approval of the provincial people's government, Yangshan HENGJIA Provincial Nature Reserve was established.

Dadongshan Provincial Nature Reserve: in 1981, the former people's Government of Lianxian County proposed to establish a nature reserve in the upper reaches of Xingzi River and Tanling reservoir to protect natural forest and water source forest. In 1985, the provincial people's Government approved the establishment of Dadongshan provincial nature reserve.

Integration and establishment

In 1992, the "Nanling forest ecological investigation group of Guangdong scientists" proposed the establishment of Guangdong Nanling National Nature Reserve in the "Nanling forest ecological investigation report" submitted to the provincial forestry department. In 1993, on the basis of approving the establishment of Ruyang, Dadingshan and longtanjiao provincial nature reserves, the provincial people's Government merged Ruyang, Dadingshan, longtanjiao, HENGJIA and Dadongshan provincial nature reserves and applied to the State Council for the establishment of "Nanling National Nature Reserve in Guangdong". In 1994, with the approval of the State Council, Nanling National Nature Reserve was established.

geographical environment

Location context

Nanling National Nature Reserve is located in the north of Guangdong Province, at the south foot of the middle Nanling Mountains. The geographical coordinates are 112 ° 30 ′ - 113 ° 04 ′ E and 24 ° 37 ′ - 24 ° 57 ′ n. The reserve is 38 km wide from north to South and 43 km long from east to west.

Geology and geomorphology

Nanling National Nature Reserve, located in the middle part of Nanling Mountains, is located in the West Indosinian sag of Hunan Guangxi Guangdong sea, South China paraplatform, and in the fold fault bundle of Shaoguan sag. The north-east structure forms the framework of the structure in this area, the East-West structure traverses the whole area, and the North-South structure is striking. The geological structure in the area is complex. It has experienced Caledonian movement, Indosinian movement, Yanshanian movement and Himalayan movement in a long geological period, and has the characteristics of multi-stage activities. As a result of the previous movements, such structural systems as latitudinal structure, meridional structure, mountain shaped structure in northern Guangdong and Neocathaysian system were formed. They interpenetrated and interfered with each other, and their combination and compounding were quite common. The strata in the reserve are composed of Devonian and Carboniferous of Upper Paleozoic, tertiary and Quaternary of Cenozoic and Yanshanian intrusive rocks from old to new.

Guangdong Nanling National Nature Reserve is located in the south foot of the middle Nanling Mountain range. Generally speaking, it belongs to the middle and low mountain landforms. The middle mountain landforms are T-shaped. There are more than 30 peaks more than 1000 meters in the north of the reserve (provincial boundary / ridge and mountain in the middle Nanling Mountain range) and the south central area extending from north to South (regional boundary / Dading mountain range). The low mountain landforms are distributed in the reserve The central part of the area is East, South and West. The terrain is characterized by high in the north and low in the south, and alternating distribution of mountain valleys. Within the boundary of the nature reserve, there are many mountains, high mountains, deep valleys and steep terrain. Shikengkong, the highest peak of the nature reserve, is the highest peak in Guangdong Province, with an altitude of 1902.3 meters; longxikou, the lowest point, with an altitude of 202.1 meters; the relative elevation difference is 1770 meters.

climate

Nanling National Nature Reserve of Guangdong Province is located in the north of Tropic of cancer and the south foot of Nanling Mountains. It has a mid subtropical monsoon climate. In the spring and autumn monsoon, southerly wind and northerly wind alternate with each other. Southerly wind is dominant in summer and northerly wind is dominant in winter. The alternation of cold and warm is obvious, forming the characteristics of sufficient light and heat, abundant rainfall and high humidity. The basic characteristics of climate in this area are: the climate characteristics of the intersection of ocean and continent, monsoon climate and mountain climate. Nanling National Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province is located in the southernmost part of China with snowfall in winter. According to the meteorological data of Ruyuan County, Yangshan County and Lianzhou City, the annual average temperature of Nanling National Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province is 17.7 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 4.2 ℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is 34.4 ℃; the temperature decreases with the increase of altitude, and the decreasing rate is 0.67 ℃ / 100M; the annual accumulated temperature of ≥ 10 ℃ is 6483 ℃. The annual average precipitation is 1705 mm, which is mainly concentrated from March to October, accounting for about 82% of the annual rainfall. Due to the uplift of mountains, there are many clouds in Zhongshan, and the precipitation increases with the increase of altitude, with an increasing rate of 63 mm / 100 m. The annual average relative humidity is 84%. The annual average frost free period is 276 days, and the average frost period is 89 days. The average sunshine hours over the years are 1234 hours, and the annual average sunshine percentage is 40%.

hydrology

Nanling belongs to the Beijiang River system of the Pearl River Basin, and the nature reserve is the birthplace of the two tributaries of the Beijiang River Basin (nanshai River and weighbridge River). Taking Shikengkong yachading yachading antoudun fengliuao Fenshuiao and other Zhongshan ridge lines (the boundary between Shaoguan and Qingyuan) as the boundary, the eastern stream flows into the nanshai River in a dendritic form, and the Western stream flows into the weighbridge River in a dendritic form. In the nature reserve, there are thousands of peaks and rivers. Rivers and streams belong to precipitation recharge type, with the characteristics of large flow. Affected by the topography, the gradient of rivers and streams in the area varies greatly, generally between 12.7 ‰ - 39.2 ‰, and there are many rapids, dangerous streams and waterfalls. There are three large and medium-sized reservoirs in the southern surrounding area of the nature reserve, of which, the capacity of nanshai reservoir is 1.218 billion cubic meters, the capacity of Quanshui reservoir is 36 million cubic meters, and the capacity of Tanling reservoir is 176 million cubic meters. Nanling National Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province is the most important water conservation forest area of nanshai reservoir, Quanshui reservoir and Tanling reservoir. There are abundant surface water resources in the reserve, and surface water is distributed in the form of rivers, streams and reservoirs. Due to the dense forest vegetation in the reserve, the surface water quality is generally good. It is colorless, tasteless, odorless, transparent; pH 6.4-7.2, neutral; salinity 0.03-0.07g/l, low mineralized fresh water; total hardness 5.42-13.36d, soft water slightly hard water; hydrochemical type is bicarbonate water (HCO3 Ca · K)+

Chinese PinYin : Guang Dong Nan Ling Guo Jia Ji Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu